Real Estate Prep Test Course

. In a study of relationship satisfaction and stability over a 3-year period, which of the following types of partnerships was the most likely to break up?

Anxious-ambivalent man with avoidant woman.

In studies of problem discussion and conflict management between partners, individuals with which type of attachment style are most likely to report feeling hostile and angry after a discussion session?

Anxious-ambivalent.

Becky was part of an infant attachment study when she was a baby, participating in a strange situation test with her mother. Later, as a young adult, Becky participated in an attachment interview assessing her adult representation of her attachment to her mother. Based on other studies of this kind, which of the following findings is likely?

Becky's infant attachment status is likely to be predictive of her adult attachment category.

Research indicates a history-graded effect for cohorts of children and adolescents growing up in the United States today. Which of these is the best description of this effect

Children and adolescents experience higher levels of anxiety than individuals in previous generations.

Which of the following is the best example of fifth-stage thinking?

Kendra learns about several different religions, finds all of them internally consistent and appealing in some ways.

Geraldo and Rose have been dating since high school. Rose has spoken to Geraldo about getting engaged, but Geraldo is hesitant. He feels close to Rose and shares his feelings and concerns with her, but he no longer feels very sexually attracted to her. He says he feels more like a brother to Rose than a lover. According to Steinberg, what type of love does Geraldo feel for Rose?

Liking.

Longitudinal studies have found that

crystallized intelligence increases in early adulthood, middle adulthood, and the early part of late adulthood, but fluid intelligence decreases after the later part of early adulthood

High concentrations of ______________ secreted by cells of the immune system are related to maladaptive inflammation.

cytokines

Researchers believe that the key characteristic that explains the therapeutic benefits of cognitive therapy is

decentering oneself from one's negative thoughts

Arnett proposes that the stage of life from age 18 to approximately 25 be called

emerging adulthood.

Measures of subjective well-being typically assess degree of felt happiness or positive emotion. Other measures of well-being focus more on assessing feelings of fulfillment or self-realization. The latter are indicators of what is sometimes called

eudaemonic well-being.

Marquita sees the universe as a product of intelligent planning. She believes that the creation of the universe, of life, and of human beings has a purpose even if that purpose is not accessible to her. Marquita's philosophy of the universe and its underlying plan is an example of

global meaning

Among the important differences between adult-adult attachments and child-adult attachments is the

greater degree of symmetry in adult-adult attachments.

The happiest people have excellent social relationships. This is because

happy people are more likely to successfully make friends

Counselors who use attachment based family therapy (ABFT) with troubled adolescents and their families

have alliance building individual sessions with parents and with the adolescent to provide safe haven and empathy.

Individuals who are "off-time" with regard to the social clock

have not met their major life goals at a time consistent with their expectations

Erikson believed that a sense of industry, believing in and taking pleasure in one's ability to be productive, first emerges

in the elementary school years.

The "American paradox" refers to

increases in rates of depression despite increases in wealth.

Globalization has begun to affect the young adult period in developing nations by

increasing the length of time individuals spend in self-exploration before taking on adult responsibilities.

Psychological stressors operate on the immune system in much the same way as

infectious agents

Fluid intelligence is to ____________ as crystallized intelligence is to ____________.

mechanics / pragmatics

Intentionally paying attention to one's present experience without judgment is a definition for

mindfulness.

The extent to which a person experiences nervousness, fear, anger, sadness, contempt, and guilt is called

negative affectivity.

In which time period is marital satisfaction the lowest?

parents of preschoolers

When clients come to counseling for problems such as relationships or children's poor behavior, helpers should be cognizant of the possible contributions of the stresses of the contemporary working world. Currently in the United States,

people are typically working more hours in a year than they did a decade ago.

A counselor helping a young adult client with procrastination must recognize that this problem can have many sources. In young adulthood, one common developmental source is

poor self-management skills.

Jason experienced the death of a close relative due to an act of violence. He comes to counseling to get help dealing with the grief and pain of this experience. After some time, Jason adjusts, and he demonstrates improvements in psychological functioning that exceed his level of adjustment prior to this traumatic event. This is an example

posttraumatic growth.

The two types of stress management presented by Lazarus and Folkman are

problem-focused and emotion-focused.

Anna is a 44-year-old divorced mother of two teenagers. Anna's father, who lives alone in a nearby suburb, has recently been diagnosed with lung cancer. Anna needs to take her father to and from medical appointments while she tries to manage the demands of her own full-time job. She goes to the employee assistance counselor at work for help in coping with the demands of her situation. The counselor understands that the demands on Anna are too great given her available resources, a phenomenon called

role strain.

According to research on adult partner selection, secure individuals tend to select ____________ individuals as partners.

secure

At 50 years old, Andrew is an important source of support for his younger sister who has a serious disability. As a computer engineer, Andrew has made a practice of designing computer devices that help his sister and others in her situation interact with the wider world. Andrew sees his work as important in the lives of other people. Andrew's view of his life is an example of

situational meaning.

One thing that both Eastern and Western religions share is that they promote

the regulation of negative or destructive emotions.

When someone's performance is affected by stereotype threat, this means that

they either believe a negative stereotype about themselves or they fear that others will judge them based on the stereotype.

Ms. J. participated in an attachment interview assessing her relationship to her early caregivers. Her transcript revealed lapses in logical thinking, especially when she talked about traumatic memories. She would most likely be categorized

unresolved.

In a dimensional analysis of adult attachment style (as opposed to a simple set of attachment categories), the focus is on the degree to which a certain tendency is exhibited. What two continuous dimensions or tendencies seem to characterize most attachment scales?

. Anxiety and approach-avoidance.

Genaro is a 55-year-old truck driver who has developed anxiety attacks after a recent accident that left him with a serious back injury. Because of his anxiety, he has stopped going to physical therapy. He is considering whether he can return to truck driving, whether he can afford to retire, or if he will need to explore other options for a new career. Which of the following would be an example of growth in adapting to these circumstances?

. Seeking out counseling to help him deal with his anxiety and learn about his options for a new career.

Genaro is a 55-year-old truck driver who has developed anxiety attacks after a recent accident that left him with a serious back injury. Because of his anxiety, he has stopped going to physical therapy. He is considering whether he can return to truck driving, whether he can afford to retire, or if he will need to explore other options for a new career. Which of the following would be an example of regulating loss in adapting to his circumstances?

Coming to terms with his injury and the loss of his job and income

Daniel is very extraverted. He admits that he is not comfortable unless surrounded by other people, and he energetically pursues activities that require the company of others. His cousin Bill, about the same age, is very introverted. Bill is self-reflective and prefers more solitary pursuits. Based on these personality characteristics alone, what can you predict about the subjective well-being of Daniel and Bill?

Daniel is probably happier than Bill.

Which of the following assumptions distinguishes life span developmental approaches to human development from other developmental approaches

Developmental processes are not completed when a person reaches adulthood

Which of the following is the most important factor in helping young adults avoid a slide into poverty?

Education.

Which of the following majors actually tend to lose subscribers as students move through their college years?

Engineering.

Ernest is 42 years old and has been out of work for two months. He lost his position as a program manager when his company merged with another larger company. He made a great deal of money during his time as manager and saved quite a bit, so finances are not an immediate concern. He has not been actively looking for work, and he feels sluggish, sleeps much more than he did in the past, and spends most of his time watching TV. Based on conservation of resources theory, how would you interpret his behavior?

Ernest is experiencing the effects of loss of status following the termination.

For helping professionals who assume an attachment perspective in their therapeutic approach to clients, what is expected to be the primary mechanism of change?

Establishing a therapeutic bond that functions as a secure base.

Which of the following has not been proposed as a reason why people seek meaning in their lives

Establishing meaning helps people feel like they are better than other people.

Which of the following tends to assure that work experiences will be linked to positive well-being?

Feeling that one is making competent progress toward challenging goals.

Which of the following statements is most accurate with regard to the physical skills of young adult athletes

Females reach peak performance earlier than their male counterparts

Which of the following is the most likely physical change that most adults will experience in their 40s ?

For many, it will take longer for eyes to adapt to changes in light than before

According to Erikson's theory, which developmental task is central to the middle adulthood stage of life

Generativity.

Sonya is a successful therapist with three adult children. She is 50 years old and in relatively good health. Sonya has some minor aches and stiff joints, mostly stemming from an old knee injury she suffered while playing sports in college. She and her husband reside on the West coast near Sonya's elderly father. Her younger daughter is still in middle school. Her two older children live in different states, and her oldest son has been diagnosed with HIV. Sonya tries to bring the family together as often as she can, but it is usually only once or twice a year. She is involved in her community and is a generous donor to programs that support research on AIDS. Which of the following could be considered a nonnormative event in Sonya's life?

Her son's diagnosis of HIV.

Paula is a client who demonstrates highly anxious tendencies. She broods over perceived mistakes, worries about how others view her, and feels that she never meets her own high expectations in ways that satisfy her. Her counselor can conclude that Paula probably also has which of these other characteristics?

High levels of sensitivity to stress.

Research on job satisfaction indicates which of the following?

How well personality characteristics match the demands of a job is an important ingredient in job satisfaction.

Karina, a college student, has a strong mastery orientation. We can expect that Karina therefore holds which of the following theories of intelligence?

Incremental theory.

Chen and Anne come to counseling because they are on the brink of a divorce. After five years of marriage, Anne sees Chen as a highly controlling individual who micromanages their bank account. She's tired of her husband always nagging about money, and says she doesn't feel like she's getting anything positive out of her relationship. Chen considers Anne's spending extravagant. He blames her family background for creating her lack of responsibility. From Chen's perspective, what theory about marriage would explain the relationship failure?

Intrapersonal theory

Joe, a 52-year-old, lost his job when the plant he managed was closed, and his overall life satisfaction plummeted. After 9 months out of work, Joe was fortunate to find another, similar position. What can we expect for Joe now?

Joe's overall life satisfaction will rise, but will not return to baseline

Peggy, a 62-year-old woman, has been unable to work for the past year because of a back injury that she sustained at her job as a cafeteria worker. Her adult son, Brian, lives close enough for her to babysit his two young children on a regular basis. Peggy's daughter, Linda, lives in another part of the state and recently had a new baby boy named Luke. Linda has asked her mother to move in with her to help care for her newborn. Based upon the life span development model, for which of the following individuals is maintenance the most characteristic mode of adaptation?

Linda

Brenda and Louise are twin sisters who each married 20 years ago. Brenda and her husband run a small piano tuning business. They have had a small, loyal customer base, and their modest but adequate income has not changed over time. Louise and her husband each work for a corporation, and their incomes have steadily increased over the last 20 years allowing them to increase their standard of living. Assuming that Brenda and Louise began their married lives equally happy, and based on their income histories alone, what would you predict about the subjective well-being of Brenda and Louise today?

Louise and Brenda are probably still about equally happy.

Peggy, a 62-year-old woman, has been unable to work for the past year because of a back injury that she sustained at her job as a cafeteria worker. Her adult son, Brian, lives close enough for her to babysit his two young children on a regular basis. Peggy's daughter, Linda, lives in another part of the state and recently had a new baby boy named Luke. Linda has asked her mother to move in with her to help cares for her newborn. Based upon the life span development model, for which of the following individuals is growth the most characteristic mode of adaptation?

Luke.

Mark, a 47-year-old man, is very shy. He has difficulty interacting with others because he feels awkward and does not easily express his thoughts and feelings. He is a relatively successful artist who lives alone in a rural Southern state. Mark also remembers being very shy as a child. Which of the following is not a likely explanation for the continuity of Mark's personality over his life span?

Mark's parents did not try to make him more outgoing.

What can you reliably predict about normal age-related changes in cognitive functioning in middle adulthood?

Most people need to take a little more time when solving complex problems.

When the life goals of college and noncollege young adults are compared, which of the following is true?

Noncollege and college youth both rank good pay and opportunities for advancement in their work as important goals.

Most men can expect some changes in testosterone levels and possibly in their sexual function in their 40s. Which of the following changes is most likely?

Older men produce less seminal fluid during ejaculation than when they were younger

Janet and her twin brother Harris are 22 years old, and they are both looking for jobs following college graduation. If Janet and Harris are typical of women and men in general, which of the following criteria will play a stronger role in Janet's job choice than in Harris's job choice

Opportunities for relationships with other people and altruism

Peggy, a 62-year-old woman, has been unable to work for the past year because of a back injury that she sustained at her job as a cafeteria worker. Her adult son, Brian, lives close enough for her to babysit his two young children on a regular basis. Peggy's daughter, Linda, lives in another part of the state and recently had a new baby boy named Luke. Linda has asked her mother to move in with her to help care for her newborn. Based upon the life span development model, for which of the following individuals is regulation of loss the primary mode of adaptation?

Peggy.

Laboratory studies have provided evidence for which of the following statements with regard to emotional reactivity?

Positive affectivity is related to higher levels of left prefrontal cortical activity.

What is the term that researchers use to describe the basic, underlying, inevitable processes of physical change that affect all human beings?

Primary aging

Hazan and Zeifman (1999) asked 6- to 17-year-olds questions about attachment needs. They found that peers met some attachment needs during childhood or early adolescence, but that peers did not fulfill other attachment needs unless they became romantic partners. Which of the following attachment needs were shifted to peers even for the youngest children in this study?

Proximity maintenance.

. Genaro is a 55-year-old truck driver who has developed anxiety attacks after a recent accident that left him with a serious back injury. Because of his anxiety, he has stopped going to physical therapy. He is considering whether he can return to truck driving, whether he can afford to retire, or if he will need to explore other options for a new career. Which of the following would be an example of maintenance in adapting to his circumstances?

Returning to physical therapy so that he can go back to his job as a truck driver.

What type of aging involves the age-related changes that are due to environmental influences, poor health habits, or disease?

Secondary aging

Karina and her friend Joanna began their college careers at a competitive ivy league school and they both had high grade point averages and high test scores in high school. Yet, both of them are having a hard time getting good grades as freshmen. They find the amount of reading and the performance requirements to be so demanding that each of them has had D grades on exams. Now in their second semester, Karina is digging in, working harder, and starting to have more success, while Joanna seems discouraged and is considering giving up. Which of the following is most likely to be true of Joanna?

She displays a helpless pattern.

. Sonya is a successful therapist with three adult children. She is 50 years old and in relatively good health. Sonya has some minor aches and stiff joints, mostly stemming from an old knee injury she suffered while playing sports in college. She and her husband reside on the West coast near Sonya's elderly father. Her younger daughter is still in middle school. Her two older children live in different states, and her oldest son has been diagnosed with HIV. Sonya tries to bring the family together as often as she can, but it is usually only once or twice a year. She is involved in her community and is a generous donor to programs that support research on AIDS. Which of the following describes Sonya or her life stage?

She is in the sandwich generation.

Andrea is an adult with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style. Consistent with her attachment style, what is most likely to be true of Andrea's romantic relationship?

She is likely to report a lack of trust in her relationship.

Janine is a 45-year-old accountant who has considerable experience in working as a consultant with firms who are undergoing mergers and acquisitions. Recently one of the firms she successfully helped through a difficult acquisition has offered her a position as Vice President. She has never managed a major corporate division before. Based on what you know about women leaders, what would you predict about her leadership style?

She will probably be agentic (e.g., assertive, task oriented) and also democratic.

Chen and Anne come to counseling because they are on the brink of a divorce. After five years of marriage, Anne sees Chen as a highly controlling individual who micromanages their bank account. She's tired of her husband always nagging about money, and says she doesn't feel like she's getting anything positive out of her relationship. Chen considers Anne's spending extravagant. He blames her family background for creating her lack of responsibility. From Anne's perspective, what theory about marriage would explain the relationship failure?

Social exchange theory

Sonya is a successful therapist with three adult children. She is 50 years old and in relatively good health. Sonya has some minor aches and stiff joints, mostly stemming from an old knee injury she suffered while playing sports in college. She and her husband reside on the West coast near Sonya's elderly father. Her younger daughter is still in middle school. Her two older children live in different states, and her oldest son has been diagnosed with HIV. Sonya tries to bring the family together as often as she can, but it is usually only once or twice a year. She is involved in her community and is a generous donor to programs that support research on AIDS. What is the best example of a change that is influenced by Sonya's life course or life task development?

Sonya plans family reunions once or twice a year so that the generations can spend time together.

Evan is 52 years old. Recently, he has been reflecting on the unfathomable complexity of ultimate truth and appreciating that even if we have faith in such a truth, it is unknowable. These reflections suggest that Evan has reached which of Fowler's stages of faith development?

Stage 5: Conjunctive.

According to Erikson and Vaillant, which of the following statements best captures the psychological state that is typical of midlife ?

Striving to find a way to use one's talent to give meaning to life and to the lives of other people.

Sylvia and Joanne are both members of a support group for new widows. Sylvia has been deeply religious for most of her adult life. She prays daily and attends weekly services. Joanne is not religious, but she has engaged in daily mindful meditation practice for many years. Both women seem equally devastated by the unexpected deaths of their husbands. What can you predict about how they will recover from their losses?

Sylvia and Joanne are both likely to benefit from their daily contemplative practices.

Donna runs a day care center. After many years of hard work, the business has grown and provides a steady income. Donna's daughter, Elaine, has asked Donna to give her a loan for a down payment on a business of her own. In order to provide this loan, Donna would have to cut expenses at the day care center, including reducing staff by at least two employees. Based on what you know about Donna, what is her stage of cognitive development according to Schaie's view of adult adjustment?

The executive stage

. In Super's developmental approach to career satisfaction, he argues that an individual's vocational self-concept evolves over time. What is the career development stage that usually characterizes adolescents and young adults?

The exploratory stage.

Ms. S. and her infant just participated in an attachment study. First, Ms. S. was interviewed to determine how she represented her attachment relationship with her own early caregivers. Second, the researchers assessed the quality of her baby's attachment to Ms. S. They are seeking to identify relationships between a parent's working model of attachment and the quality of the attachment the infants form with them. This attachment study is part of which research tradition?

The nuclear family tradition.

Daniel is very extraverted. He admits that he is not comfortable unless surrounded by other people, and he energetically pursues activities that require the company of others. His cousin Bill, about the same age, is very introverted. Bill is self-reflective and prefers more solitary pursuits. Regardless of their personality characteristics, which of the following is likely to contribute most to their long-term happiness?

They are good friends who are willing to help each other in difficult times.

One traditional role of counselors is to help people make decisions. Young adult clients who are still dualistic thinkers may have which of the following problems in this process?

They may become anxious if there seems to be uncertainty about the best solution.

Hillary is a 19-year-old college freshman. If she is typical of most college students today, which of the following is her most important reason for attending college

To get a better job.

Consider the role of gender in selecting a major in college. Which of the following is true?

Women are more likely today to choose fields like biological and physical sciences than they were 30 years ago.

Tyrone is a 35-year-old advertising executive. Lately, he has been experiencing some physical symptoms, like shortness of breath and difficulty sleeping. He explains to a counselor that he has been having more difficulty dealing with his work and family responsibilities. A comprehensive intake interview reveals that Tyrone's mother suffered from a diagnosed affective disorder. This piece of information might indicate the presence of

a diathesis.

Kindling-behavioral sensitization describes

a process of increasing sensitivity to stressful triggers

Spiritual transcendence" may be

a sixth personality trait.

Counselors should know that the period between the ages of 15 and 24 is

a time when depression rates are at their peak, with the highest prevalence of any time in the life span.

Cross-cultural research findings indicate that

age-related changes in personality traits are consistent across different cultural groups.

Research on mate selection indicates that people choose mates on the basis of all of the following characteristics, except for

agency

The "Big Five" personality traits are

agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion and conscientiousness.

Andrea is an adult with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style. She is least likely to select a romantic partner who has ____________ attachment style.

an anxious-ambivalent

Spirituality and religiosity

are concerned with the search for the sacred.

When Ms. S completed the attachment interview assessing her own relationship to her early caregivers, she provided answers that were coherent and collaborative, and she acknowledged the importance of attachment-related experiences in her development. Her attachment status would most likely be categorized as

autonomous

In Ryan and Deci's self-determination theory, the fundamental psychological needs they described include

autonomy.

When a parent is classified as "dismissive" on the basis of an attachment interview assessing the parent's attachment to early caregivers, that parent's baby is most likely to have an attachment to the parent that is classified as

avoidant.

Studies of brain activity during the early adult years suggest an increased capacity for

behavioral and emotional control.

A positive emotional style

can be cultivated by everyone

Current research indicates that in the last 50 years, gender differences in career development have

changed in some ways, but remained the same in others, particularly in that women still give greater priority to their role as caregiver, and men still give greater priority to their role as breadwinner.

According to Holland's description of modal personal orientations, Danielle has an "enterprising" style, she is sociable, domineering, energetic, ambitious, talkative, optimistic, and assertive. According to Holland's theory of career development, Danielle's career counselor should

work with Danielle to encourage self-awareness so that she can match her career choice to her existing style.