Real Estate Test

A parcel of land described as the S ½ of the NW ¼ of the NE ¼ of Section 12, T2N, R4E would contain how many acres? Select one: a. 160. b. 80. c. 40. d. 20.

20 Section 12 -- like all sections -- has 640 acres. Start with the 640 acres then work backwards, dividing by the denominator (bottom number) in each fraction. 640/4/4/2 = 20

A parcel of land that is 36 miles square would contain how many townships? Select one: a. 1. b. 4. c. 16. d. 36.

36 This is a tricky question. 36 miles square is not the same thing as 36 square miles. Since each township is 6 miles across, this parcel would be 6 townships in each direction, for a total of 36 townships.

If a person owns a square parcel of land that is 1 mile on each side, the person owns how many acres? Select one: a. 1,000. b. 640. c. 500. d. 320.

640 The question describes a section, which would contain 640 acres.

The accumulation of soil on an owner's property caused by the movement of water is known as? Select one: a. Accretion. b. Riparian. c. Assemblage. d. Annexation

Accretion

The accumulation of soil on an owner's property caused by the movement of water is known as? Select one: a. Accretion. b. Riparian. c. Assemblage. d. Annexation.

Accretion

A real estate developer who plans to build a large industrial park must buy property from three different owners before he can proceed with his development plans. This would be considered... Select one: a. The development stage of planning. b. Plottage value. c. Assemblage. d. Contiguous combination.

Assemblage

Economic controls on the economy in general are enacted by: Select one: a. The federal government only. b. State governments only. c. Both federal and state governments. d. Neither federal nor state governments. Feedback

Both federal and state governments.

An associate broker who sells a house for a client is paid a commission by the: Select one: a. Employing client only. b. Broker only. c. Customer. d. Either by the client or the broker

Broker only Associate brokers are individuals who have a broker's license but are working for another broker. They may only receive commissions from their employing broker.

Soil from Smith's land is washed down and deposited on Brown's property. Who owns the soil? Select one: a. Smith. b. Brown. c. The state. d. The city or county in which the property is located

Brown

A trade fixture: Select one: a. Can be affixed to real property without becoming a legal part of the property b. When affixed to a real property becomes an improvement c. Automatically conveys with real property when sold d. Cannot be removed

Can be affixed to real property without becoming a legal part of the property A trade fixture remains personal property and would only convey with the sale of the real property, if specified in the contract.

Which of the following is NOT an improvement of land? Select one: a. Building. b. Sidewalk. c. Corn crop. d. Flower bed.

Corn crop. A corn (or other) crop is considered personal property.

Real property would include: Select one: a. Fixtures. b. Each of these choices. c. Air space. d. Mineral rights.

Each of these choices.

Fructus industriales is another term for: Select one: a. Emblements. b. Easements. c. Appurtenances. d. Trade fixtures.

Emblements

A metes and bounds survey will identify: Select one: a. Encumbrances. b. The mortgagee. c. Encroachments. d. Liens.

Encroachments A survey will identify physical characteristics of a property. Encumbrances and legal claims against the property would NOT be known to the surveyor. It could, however, discover encroachments, such as a neighbor's fence across the property line.

Combining two or more contiguous parcels real estate into a single parcel is known as plottage. Select one: a. True b. False

False

A hospital is a commercial property. Select one: a. True b. False

False A hospital is a special purpose property.

An industrial park is commercial property. Select one: a. True b. False

False An industrial park is industrial property.

Land cannot be legally described by referring to other publicly recorded documents. Select one: a. True b. False

False Land can be described by referring to other recorded documents, if the documents contain an adequate legal description.

Realtors determine the price of land. Select one: a. True b. False

False Supply and demand determines the price of land.

Surveys just measure the boundaries of land. Select one: a. True b. False

False Surveys measure the boundaries of a land area, locate improvements, and determine the existence of easements, encroachments, and setback requirements.

The word "fee" means possession. Select one: a. True b. False

False The statement is false. A fee estate would include the right of possession, but leasehold estates also include the right of possession but they are not fee estates.

An easement is just another form of encroachment. Select one: a. True b. False

False The statement is false. An easement is the legal right to enter onto another's land, usually in order to cross the land.

In an ideal market, the forces of supply and demand are always chaotic. Select one: a. True b. False

False The statement is false. In an ideal market, the forces of supply and demand remain in balance, with stable prices.

Police power is the same thing as eminent domain. Select one: a. True b. False

False The statement is false. Police power is the uncompensated regulation of property; eminent domain is a compensated taking.

Restrictive covenants are not encumbrances against property. Select one: a. True b. False

False The statement is false. Restrictive covenants are private agreements that constitute encumbrances.

Trade fixtures may not be removed from leased premises once they are affixed. Select one: a. True b. False

False The statement is false. Trade fixtures are removable from leased premises.

Boundary markers of land, either natural or man-made, are: Select one: a. Benchmarks. b. Monuments. c. Liens. d. Metes.

Monuments Monuments can be a natural object such as a tree, a rock or river. They can also be artificial markers, something that is permanently placed by man. A surveyor's benchmark is an example of an artificial monument, but when used to define the area of a parcel of land, it is considered a monument.

The right of one party to possess and use real property exclusive of others is: Select one: a. Hypothecation b. Partition c. Ownership d. Prescription

Ownership

Barney owns a lot valued at $84,000. He purchases an adjoining lot for $66,000 and merges the two properties. The current appraised value of the newly formed lot is $177,500. This is an example of: Select one: a. Accretion. b. Avulsion. c. Plottage. d. Hypothecation.

Plottage

Barney owns a lot valued at $84,000. He purchases an adjoining lot for $66,000 and merges the two properties. The current appraised value of the newly formed lot is $177,500. This is an example of: Select one: a. Accretion b. Avulsion c. Plottage d. Hypothecation

Plottage The merging of properties is assemblage. The resulting increase in value is referred to as plottage.

The actual amount of money paid for a particular parcel of real estate is said to be that property's: Select one: a. Value. b. Price. c. Market value. d. Settlement value.

Price

A bill of sale would be used instead of a deed for all EXCEPT which of the following? Select one: a. Boat. b. Car. c. Motorcycle. d. Real estate.

Real estate A bill of sale would not be used instead of a deed for any real estate.

A tree on a property is real property while rooted in the soil. When the tree is cut down, it becomes personal property. This is an example of: Select one: a. Conversion. b. Severance. c. Appropriation. d. Reassessment.

Severance Severance is the act of removing something attached to land, such as a tree or fence.

Two real estate developers are working on similar but competing commercial developments. Both projects are finished at approximately the same time and are of similar quality and purpose. Which of the following would most likely characterize the reasons that one succeeds while the other fails? Select one: a. Supply and demand. b. Situs. c. Plottage value. d. Nonhomogeneity.

Situs The most likely explanation is due to the "situs" of the properties. The term "situs" essentially means "location."

Zorba leases a restaurant. He installs ovens, booths and counters. Which of the following is true? Select one: a. The ovens, booths and counters are fixtures that belong to the owner of the property and cannot be removed. b. The ovens, booths and counters are trade fixtures and can be removed by Zorba at any time prior to or after the expiration of the lease. c. The ovens, booths and counters are trade fixtures and can be removed only prior to the expiration of Zorba's lease. d. Zorba is not responsible for any damage caused by the removal of the fixtures.

The ovens, booths and counters are trade fixtures and can be removed only prior to the expiration of Zorba's lease. Items used in a trade are trade fixtures and are the personal property of the tenant. They may be removed before the lease expires, but any damage to the real property caused by the removal must be repaired. If allowed to remain after the expiration of the lease, they become the property of the owner.

Which of the following best describes a parcel of land? Select one: a. The surface of the earth including control of all minerals and substances beneath. b. The surface of the earth extending down to the center and upward to the sky. c. The earth's surface closely marked by certain boundaries. d. The surface of the earth extending down a reasonable distance and up into the air a reasonable distance.

The surface of the earth extending down to the center and upward to the sky.

An informal reference is adequate for use in a rental agreement. Select one: a. True b. False

True

Inquiry notice is legal notice presumed by law. Select one: a. True b. False

True

Stocks, bonds, notes, and mortgages are personal property. Select one: a. True b. False

True

In determining whether an item is a fixture, which of the following would NOT be considered? Select one: a. Method of attachment. b. Adaptation to the real estate. c. Value of the item. d. Legal interest of the annexing party.

Value of the item. The value of an item is immaterial to determining whether or not it is a fixture. It is not one of the listed tests of a fixture.

A condensed history of title, consisting of a summary of the original grant and all subsequent conveyances and encumbrances relating to a particular parcel of real estate, is called an: Select one: a. Abstract of title. b. Accounting of title. c. Assurance of title. d. Affidavit of title.

a. Abstract of title. An abstract of title is a brief or condensed history of the title (ownership) of the property.

A condensed history or summary of the documents affecting a property is: Select one: a. An abstract of title. b. The chain of title. c. An affidavit of title. d. An abstract of judgments.

a. An abstract of title. The condensed history is an abstract. A chain of title is similar, but not as complete. An affidavit is the swearing that there have been no encumbrances incurred since the title search.

A person who rents a property from June 1 to June 30 of the same year would have: Select one: a. An estate for years. b. A periodic estate. c. A tenancy at will. d. An easement.

a. An estate for years. Even though the lease period is only one month, the lease has a definite beginning and end and is therefore an estate for years.

David owns property along the banks of the Little Big Horn River. Scott owns property adjoining David's, and has access to the highway, but not to the river. Scott and David grant each other appurtenant easements to cross each other's property to get to the road and the river respectively. The riparian rights associated with property ownership belong to: Select one: a. David because his property abuts the river b. Scott, because he has an easement to cross David's land c. Both David and Scott d. Neither, the granting of the easement revoked David's rights and Scott's property does not abut the river

a. David because his property abuts the river. The owner of property that borders (abuts) on flowing water has riparian rights.

A subdivider puts a requirement in all of the deeds to properties in a subdivision requiring specified setback requirements stating how close the improvements can be built to each side of the property. This would be an example of a(n): Select one: a. Deed restriction. b. Encroachment. c. Easement. d. Building code.

a. Deed restriction. The question gives an example of a deed restriction.

A real property owner leaves a life estate to one party and a remainder estate to another. The remainder estate is unrestricted. The type of estate that will be received by the remainderman is a: Select one: a. Fee simple estate. b. Life estate. c. Leasehold estate. d. Fee simple determinable estate

a. Fee simple estate. Since the remainder estate is unrestricted, a fee simple estate will pass to the remainderman upon death of the holder of the life estate interest.

In a real estate contract, the legal description of the property describes the... Select one: a. Land only. b. Land and improvements. c. Land, improvements and all rights pertaining to the land. d. Land, improvements, rights and rights of easement. Feedback

a. Land only.

Which contains enough different measurements to provide the most accurate physical description of an irregularly shaped parcel of land? Select one: a. Metes and bounds. b. Rectangular survey. c. Subdivision lot and block. d. Government survey.

a. Metes and bounds. Metes and bounds contains enough different measurements to provide the most accurate physical description of an irregularly shaped parcel of land.

The least accurate method of legal description is the: Select one: a. Monuments method. b. U.S. Government Rectangular Survey method. c. Recorded plat. d. Metes and bounds method.

a. Monuments method. The monuments approach is the least accurate approach to legal description because monuments are sometimes destroyed. The metes and bounds approach is similar, but will use more precise measurements and descriptions.

Each of the following entities has the power of eminent domain, EXCEPT: Select one: a. Religious schools. b. Railroads. c. Public utilities. d. School districts. Feedback

a. Religious schools. Religious schools do not have power of eminent domain.

If a third party is not named, the grantor of a life estate retains a: Select one: a. Reversionary interest b. Less-than-freehold estate c. Remainder estate d. Fee simple determinable estate

a. Reversionary interest If a third party is not named, the grantor of a life estate retains a reversionary interest.

Sam has a life estate in a five-acre tract of land. When Sam dies, the property will pass to his nephew. Sam wishes to sell his interest in the property. Which of the following is true? Select one: a. Sam's buyer will acquire the same interest held by Sam. b. Sam cannot sell his interest. c. Sam's nephew can sue to prevent the sale. d. Sam can only sell his interest with his nephew's permission.

a. Sam's buyer will acquire the same interest held by Sam. Sam's buyer will acquire the same interest held by Sam, meaning that when Sam dies, the property would go to the nephew.

Fixtures are always real property. Select one: a. True b. False

a. True

Because investments in real estate tend to be long-term, the real estate market is slow to respond to changes in demand. Select one: a. True b. False

a. True Changes in real estate, such as new construction, take a long time and are therefore slow to respond to changes in demand

Community property is a statutory estate. Select one: a. True b. False

a. True The statement is true. It is statutory in the sense that it created by statute (law) in community property states.

Which of the following is NOT an encumbrance that affects property physically? Select one: a. mechanic's liens b. deed restrictions c. encroachments d. Both mechanic's liens and deed restrictions.

a. mechanic's liens Mechanic's liens are a lien (a claim for money) and do not affect the physical aspects of the property.

A real estate license of some kind would be required by each of the following individuals, EXCEPT: Select one: a. An individual who locates tenants for a property in return for a fee from the landlord. b. A homeowner selling his or her personal residence. c. An individual who only works with buyers looking to purchase a residence and who is compensated only by those buyers. d. An individual who negotiates options to purchase properties for clients in return for a fee.

b. A homeowner selling his or her personal residence. Homeowners are not required to be licensed to sell their own homes. All of the other choices involve performing a real estate function in return for compensation and therefore would require a license.

A tract of land which is owned and occupied as a family residence is known as: Select one: a. An acreage. b. A homestead. c. Land. d. A lot.

b. A homestead. A homestead is the place of a home and includes the land which is around and near the dwelling.

An estate that may be terminated by any party at any time is an estate: Select one: a. For years b. At will c. In possession d. In termination

b. At will An estate that may be terminated by any party at any time is an estate at will.

What is the most common way to determine if there are any encumbrances related to a particular piece of property? Select one: a. Obtain a certificate of title. b. Conduct a title search. c. Prepare an abstract of title. d. Request an affidavit of title from the court.

b. Conduct a title search. To discover encumbrances relating to a parcel of land, you would most often order a title search. In some cases an abstract of title may be obtained after the title search.

An assessors parcel number is an adequate legal description. Select one: a. True b. False

b. False An assessor's parcel number is not an adequate legal description.

Most title insurance policies protect the title against encroachments. Select one: a. True b. False

b. False Most title insurance companies will not insure against an encroachment.

There will always be plenty of land for everyone who wants to buy some. Select one: a. True b. False

b. False The supply of land is fixed and can never be increased, particularly in the most desirable areas.

An adequate metes and bounds description will have all of the following EXCEPT? Select one: a. A definite point of beginning. b. Four sides. c. Closure. d. linear measurements and compass directions

b. Four sides. An adequate metes and bounds description is not required to have four sides. It might be shaped as a triangle, for instance.

An adequate metes and bounds description will have all of the following EXCEPT? Select one: a. A definite point of beginning. b. Four sides. c. Closure. d. linear measurements and compass directions.

b. Four sides. An adequate metes and bounds description is not required to have four sides. It might be shaped as a triangle, for instance.

Police power includes all of the following EXCEPT: Select one: a. zoning and building codes. b. The right to take property when its owner dies without a will and without any heirs. c. government land-use regulations. d. real estate licensing laws.

b. The right to take property when its owner dies without a will and without any heirs.

When a developer records a plat showing property in three dimensions (length, width and height), he or she would be developing: Select one: a. An industrial park complex b. A PUD which is for single family homes only c. A multi-story condominium complex d. A large one story shopping mall

c. A multi-story condominium complex Condominium estates created by the developer would have to be shown on a plat in three dimensions (width and depth of each unit PLUS its height). Generally, fee simple ownership includes surface rights, rights to the ground under the property to the center of the earth and to the air above, all the way to the sky. A condo unit only includes the space between the floor and the ceiling.

The trespass of an improvement is best described as: Select one: a. An easement. b. A license. c. An encroachment. d. An appurtenance.

c. An encroachment. To trespass is to be someplace that you are not legally allowed to be. If an improvement encroaches over the property line it would be regarded as a trespass.

Sam has obtained his broker's license but is not functioning in a supervisory capacity. Instead, he is acting in the capacity of a salesperson. Sam is a(n): Select one: a. Principal Broker. b. Salesperson. c. Associate Broker. d. None of these choices.

c. Associate Broker. The question describes an associate broker, aka broker associate.

The legal process of "tacking" relates to an adverse possession claim under: Select one: a. Eminent domain. b. Descent and distribution. c. Color of title. d. Assemblage.

c. Color of title. Tacking is the combining of two periods of adverse occupiers in an attempt to obtain ownership through color of title.

What is the legal process, used by the government, to acquire property from a private citizen? Select one: a. Eminent domain b. Escheat c. Condemnation d. Taxation

c. Condemnation The PROCESS is condemnation. If the stem of the question were to ask for the right, power or authority that the government has to take private property, that is eminent domain. Be careful when you read the question.

A developer is considering construction of a new subdivision in a rural area on a very hilly tract of land. What type of map will be most beneficial to the developer in making his decision to build? Select one: a. Elevation. b. Plat. c. Contour. d. Flood plain.

c. Contour A contour map will show the builder the difference of the ground levels which is important when considering location of houses and drainage and style of houses. An elevation is a drawing representing the front view of a building.

A cloud on title can be removed by: Select one: a. A quitclaim deed only. b. A quiet title action only. c. Either a quitclaim deed or a quiet title action. d. Neither a quitclaim deed nor a quiet title action.

c. Either a quitclaim deed or a quiet title action. A cloud on the title can be removed by either a quitclaim deed or a quiet title action.

Special purpose properties include all but the following: Select one: a. Churches. b. Hospitals. c. Industrial park. d. Nursing homes

c. Industrial park. Industrial parks are not special purpose properties.

Special purpose properties include all but the following: Select one: a. Churches. b. Hospitals. c. Industrial park. d. Nursing homes.

c. Industrial park. Industrial parks are not special purpose properties.

Fred is considering purchasing a vacant lot. He inspects the property and finds a well-worn path across one side of the property. Fred would have what type of notice regarding a possible easement across the property? Select one: a. Actual notice. b. Constructive notice. c. Inquiry notice. d. No notice

c. Inquiry notice.

Which of the following protects against defects in a title? Select one: a. Homeowner's insurance. b. Private mortgage insurance (PMI). c. Owner's title insurance. d. FHA mortgage insurance (MIP).

c. Owner's title insurance. Title insurance protects the TITLE to the property. Homeowners insurance protects against things that are physical in nature such as fire, storm, vandalism and liability. (PMI and FHA insurance are discussed later in this course, but would not replace title insurance.)

Mr. Jones has been out of the country on business. During this period of time his lease with his tenant, Smith, expired. Smith did not renew his lease, but continues to live in his apartment without the consent of Jones. Mr. Smith is considered to be: Select one: a. Tenant at will. b. Periodic tenant. c. Tenant at sufferance. d. Tenant in default.

c. Tenant at sufferance. The fact that Smith stays in the leased apartment after his lease expires and without the landlord's consent, means that he is occupying the property as a tenant at sufferance.

Mary has a life estate interest in a property and her daughter has been named as the remainderman. Mary leases the property to Susan for 5 years. One year later Mary dies. Her daughter serves notice on Susan to vacate the property. Which of the following statements is correct? Select one: a. The lease is valid for four more years. b. The lease was invalid from the beginning. c. The lease was valid only during Mary's lifetime. d. The lease was fraudulently obtained and is a violation of the statute of frauds as it applies to leases.

c. The lease was valid only during Mary's lifetime. The life tenant has an interest in the property only during her lifetime and any contracts, leases, etc., made during her lifetime terminate upon her death. You cannot lease or sell any interest that is greater than the interest you hold.

A court action to remove a cloud from the title is called an action or suit: Select one: a. For specific performance. b. For title insurance. c. To quiet title. d. Of legal injunction.

c. To quiet title. A court action (suit) for the removal of a defect, cloud, or claim against the title of a property is called a suit to quiet title.

Which of the following is NOT a private limitation on title? Select one: a. liens b. deed restrictions c. eminent domain d. encroachments

c. eminent domain Eminent domain is not a private limitation on title. It is the power of government to take private property when needed for a public use.

Which is NOT a cloud on title? Select one: a. a valid first mortgage b. a recorded contract for deed under which the buyer has defaulted but the contract has not been removed c. lack of a recorded certificate of title insurance d. a recorded mortgage that has been paid in full but not released

c. lack of a recorded certificate of title insurance Lack of a recorded certificate of title insurance is not a cloud on title.

All are involuntary methods of conveying property EXCEPT: Select one: a. Quitclaim deed. b. Escheat. c. Condemnation. d. Adverse possession.

d. Adverse possession. Quitclaim deed is not an involuntary method of conveying property.

A person who owns a fee simple estate may be subject to which of the following controls? Select one: a. Zoning and building codes. b. Restrictive covenants and sub-division restrictions. c. Escheat. d. All of these choices.

d. All of these choices. All of these are restrictions on private property. Zoning, building codes and escheat are rights of the government. Restrictive covenants and subdivision restrictions are usually private in nature. Even though you own the property in fee simple you are subject to all of the restrictions listed.

An abstract of title would contain: Select one: a. The name of the original owner. b. A record of all encumbrances, liens, mortgages and court actions. c. A record of any transfer of title by devise. d. All of these choices.

d. All of these choices. An abstract of title is a condensed history of title which shows the original owner of the land and all subsequent transfers of any type as well as any encumbrances which might affect title.

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about encumbrances? Select one: a. They are limitations on the rights of property owners. b. They are interests held by any person other than the property owner. c. Encumbrances restrict the use of the property. d. Encumbrances do not affect the title of the property.

d. Encumbrances do not affect the title of the property. The incorrect statement is that encumbrances do not affect title. They are in fact a burden on title and in some cases makes it difficult to sell the property.

Meredith "fell in love" with and made an offer to purchase a beautiful Cape Cod style house. When she learned that the seller had accepted her offer, she was so happy that she agreed to pay the selling agent an extra commission for her effort. How will the sales agent receive her "extra" commission, when the sale is consummated? Select one: a. From the buyer b. From the seller and buyer as agreed c. From the settlement attorney handling the closing d. From her employing broker

d. From her employing broker Remember, a sales agent only receives compensation from his or her employing broker.

The length of the front of a lot along a street is referred to as the: Select one: a. Right of way. b. Township line. c. Setback. d. Frontage.

d. Frontage. What is described is referred to as front footage or frontage.

Of the given choices, the best way to describe an irregularly shaped parcel is: Select one: a. Government survey. b. Geodetic survey. c. Constant survey. d. Metes and bounds.

d. Metes and bounds. Metes and bounds is usually the best way to describe an irregularly shaped parcel.

Which of the following is NOT recognized as personal property? Select one: a. A lease. b. A mortgage that secures personal property. c. Cattle and horses. d. Replacement fixtures.

d. Replacement fixtures. Replacement fixtures are not trade fixtures and are therefore not personal property.

Which of the following choices would be LEAST likely to be public property? Select one: a. Parks. b. Schools. c. Libraries. d. Retail stores open to the public.

d. Retail stores open to the public. Parks, schools and libraries are almost always public property. A retail store is not public property because it is not owned by a governmental agency.

Which of the following is not considered a legal description? Select one: a. Metes and bounds. b. Lot and block. c. Government method of survey. d. Street address, city, state and zip code.

d. Street address, city, state and zip code. A street address is NOT a valid legal description because the street name is subject to change.

Which of the following is NOT a legal description of real property? Select one: a. Metes and bounds. b. Lot and block. c. Rectangular survey system. d. Taxpayer Federal ID#

d. Taxpayer Federal ID# A Federal ID # identifies a person or a corporation. It does not identify real property. The other choices are all valid methods of legal description.

When a metes and bounds survey is used as the legal description of property, the word metes refers to: Select one: a. Monuments b. Areas twenty-four miles square c. Parallel lines that run north and south d. The length in inches, feet or yards of a property line

d. The length in inches, feet or yards of a property line Metes is the length of a property line in inches, feet, yards, rods or any linear measurements. Bounds are the monuments used to identify the boundary of the property.

When the last heir of a property owner dies, absent a provision in a will devising the property, title will revert to Select one: a. heirs of the deceased. b. landlord. c. utility company. d. the state.

d. the state. When a person dies without a will and without any known heirs, title will revert to the state through its power of escheat.

Sara builds an addition to her home, part of which turns out to be on land belonging to June. This is an example of... Select one: a. accretion. b. riparian. c. easement. d. encroachment.

encroachment

A datum is used to describe both air and subsurface rights. Select one: a. True b. False

true A datum is the point, line, or surface from which a vertical height or depth is measured. It is used when there is a vertical component to the land description.

The government survey method is used in the majority of states in the United States. Select one: a. True b. False

true The statement is true since the government survey method is used in more than 30 states.

Both the parcel of land beneath the air lot and the elevation of the air lot are described for air lots. Select one: a. True b. False

true The statement is true. One cannot identify the vertical space without identifying the parcel of land beneath it.