Redoing the test Unit 2!

Which of the following neurotransmitters is implicated in Alzheimer's disease?

Acetylcholine

The _ is involved in the regulation of feeding, drinking, and sexual behavior.

Amygdala

To demonstrate that brain stimulation can make a rat violently aggressive, a neuroscientist should electrically stimulate the rat's

Amygdala

Prozac and cocaine are very different drugs, but they achieve their effects through the same mechanism of action. What is that mechanism?

Both drugs block the reuptake of ceratin neurotransmitters.

What was the logic behind the first split-brain operations that were tried experimentally with humans?

By removing the precise brain location where epileptic seizures originated, the seizures should stop.

Which professional specialty focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders?

Clinical Psychology

Schizophrenia is thought to occur when a person has a higher-than-normal level of

Dopamine

The tremors of Parkinson's disease result from the death of nerve cells that produce the neurotransmitter

Dopamine

Individuals who abuse Opiates, such as heroin or morphine, are artificially increasing levels of

Endorphins

In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, survived when an explosion drove an iron rod through his head. The once friendly, soft-spoken Gage became irritable and dishonest. Gage's case provided evidence that which region of the brain plays a role in personality and behavior?

Frontal lobes

Phineus Gage served as an example that an individual could experience extreme trauma to this are of their brain and live. However their personality would be drastically changed.

Frontal lobes

The main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the:

Hypothalamus

Which of the following is NOT a hindbrain structure?

Hypothalamus

A German neurologist named _____ identified an area on the left temporal lobe that, when damaged, disrupted the ability to understand written or spoken language.

Karl wernicke

The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n)

MRI

In the ____ procedure, a composite picture of neuron activity is produced by detecting atomic particles emitted by a radioactive dye.

PET

Which of the following activities would surgeons use in mapping areas of the brain responsible for specific activities, such as movement or speech?

PET

To identify which brain areas are most active when a person suffering from schizophrenia has hallucinations, researches could use _ to track the use of glucose throughout the brain.

PET scan

The somatic nervous system is a component of the __________ nervous system

Peripheral

In the ___, information is communicated along nerves.

Peripheral nervous system

The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

Peripheral nervous system; central nervous system

The hypothalamus exerts control over the endocrine system by directly triggering activity in the

Pituitary gland

The secretions of the pituitary gland are most directly regulated by the

Reticular formation

Which region of the brain plays a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when somebody nearby mentions your name?

Reticular formation

Which region of your brainstem plays a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when someone nearby mentions your name?

Reticular formation

Prozac, a drug commonly prescribed to treat depression, prevents the sending neuron from taking in excess serotonin. Which process does this drug prevent from taking place?

Reuptake

Recognizing a person but blocking on his or her name is a common experience. For most people, facial recognition is a _____ hemisphere task, while being able to name a person is a _____ hemisphere verbal memory task.

Right:left

In order for you to experience the pain of a sprained ankle, ________ must first relay messages from your ankle to your central nervous system.

Sensory neurons

Individuals who suffer from depression sometimes lack which of the following neurotransmitters?

Serotonin

As you are walking along a beach, you pick up an odd-looking seashell that has a very rough texture.

Somatic

Sir Charles Sherrington observed that impulses took more time to travel a neural pathway than he might have anticipated. His observation provided evidence for the existence of

Synaptic gaps

To identify which brain areas are most active when a person suffering from schizophrenia has hallucinations, researchers could use _ to track the use of glucose throughout the brain.

The PET scan

According to your text, there is good evidence to show that neurogenesis takes place in which region(s) of the adult human brain?

The hippocampus

Researchers use dichotic listening task to investigate right-left differences in an intact brain. In this task a different verbal stimulus is presented simultaneously to each ear. Findings suggest that participants more quickly recall information heard by the right ear. This suggests that

The left hemisphere is dominant in language processing

The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of

Visual perception

The first psychological laboratory was established by

Wilhelm wundt

Transferring messages from a motor neuron to a leg muscle requires the neurotransmitter known as

acetylcholine

The movement of positively charged ions across the membrane of a neuron can produce a(n)

action potential

Arousal would be produced by ______ of the _______

activation;reticular formation

epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the:

adrenal glands

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into

bloodstream

The most common form of communication between neurons is:

chemical

After surgery, physicians may prescribe a medication to relieve pain. Such a medication would most likely mimic the effects of ___.

endorphins

The false consensus effect refers to the tendency to:

exaggerate the extent to which others agree with us

To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n)

fMRI

In humans, electrical stimulation of the amygdala produces:

feelings of fear

Thomas was distracted as he was cooking, and he inadvertently touched a very hot dish. Instantaneously, he jerked his hand back, a reflexive action that was processed:

in his spinal cord

Miguel jogs about five miles a day. At roughly the three-mile point, Miguel usually experiences a rush of positive feelings due to _____ levels of _____.

increased; endorphins

The primary function of the myelin sheath is to:

insulate the axon and increase the speed at which neurons convey their message.

The notion of structural plasticity:

is the idea that environmental conditions can cause physical changes in the brain's structure

Broca's area is located on the ___, whereas Wernicke's area is located on the ____.

left frontal lobe; left temporal lobe

Broca's area is located on the _, whereas Wernicke's area is located on the _.

left frontal lobe;left temporal lobe

The body's speedy, electrochemical information system is called the

nervous system

Synaptic vesicles contain:

neurotransmitters

synaptic vesicles contain

neurotransmitters

Damage to the Wernicke's area in the brain:

produces difficulty in comprehending written or spoken communication.

French psychiatrist Joseph Capgras described a patient who reported that imposters had replaced her husband, children, and herself. Her inability to recognize the faces of her close family members or herself suggests that the

right hemisphere of her brain was damaged.

While you are hiking in the mountains, a rattlesnake slithers across your trail. Which of the following triggers the "fight-or-flight" response, increasing your heart rate and blood pressure, as you run away?

sympathetic nervous system

The point of communication between two neurons

synapse

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that travel across the:

synaptic gap

Almost all of the sensory and motor information going to and from the cerebral cortex is processed through the:

thalamus

Which of the following best defines neurogenesis?

the development of new neurons

A picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient. At the same time a picture of a boy is flashed in the right visual field. In identifying what she saw, the patient would be most likely to

verbally report that she saw a boy