Religions of the World
Indigenous beliefs and practices have recently been important for environmental preservation. How?
The myths and taboos that project the lands are being recognized by others
Through the belief of "one, holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church," the Second Vatican Council promoted
Ecumenism
In 2004, a law was passed prohibiting anyone from wearing religious symbols, including Muslim hijabs, Sikh turbans, Jewish yarmulkes, and large Christian crosses, in public schools and colleges in the country of
France
Saudia Arabia operates at the other extreme from secularism, subjecting its citizens to
Wahhabi shari'ah law
According to Huston Smith, which of the following is not among the characteristics that differentiate "primal" religions from "historical" religions
having a cyclical notion of time rather a linear one
A striking geological feature, such as a mountain or canyon, that is considered to be the center of creation demonstrates
how natural environment plays an important role in indigenous people's kinship with creation
Psychologist Carl Jung proposed that the reason there are similarities among symbols in different cultures is that
humanity has a collective unconscious, a global psychic inheritance of archetypal symbols
Moses smashed the stone tablets that God had inscribed the commandments on becasue
in their impatience, the Israelites created a golden calf and practiced idol worship
In the Christian Bible, Colossians 2:9 states that in Jesus "whole fullness of deity dwells bodily," which relates to the Christian doctrine of
incarnation
While globalization has led to hardening of religious boundaries, some are trying to use it to bring people of different religions together through
interfaith dialogue
The 1979 Iranian revolution was significant because
it disproved the assumption by Western intellectuals that religion would become irrelevant
"Cult" is often used pejoratively to distinguish a tradition that is new. This is imprecise because
it has a specific meaning of a tradition that arises outside other traditions
Why does universalism claim all prophets brought the same essential message
it is a movement that attempts to encompass all religions
Which of the following statements about the Jain symbol is NOT correct
it is an ancient symbol designed by Mahavira himself
The form of Buddhism that offers faithful prayers to Amida Buddha is known as
Pure Land Buddhism
If you were to attend temple on Friday night and meet a gay couple that had been married in the synagogue the previous week, you would most likely be in a synagogue with a
Reconstructionist and Reform congregation
Similarity to existing beliefs is one reason a new religious movement may be widespread and longlasting, because
it makes the movement attractive and nonthreatening to potential converts
The Ka'bah was build in the valley of Mecca because
it was thought to be Adam's original place of worship
Interfaith dialogue has been historically difficult because
many religions have claimed to be the best or only path
Hindutva ideology considers these groups as aliens to India
muslims and christians
A person who is meditating in a cave has an experience in which he/she sees and feels something beyond human senses and reasoning. This experience could be called a(n)
mystical experience
The Shi'a break away from the Sunni majority because
of opposition to the elected successors to Muhammad
When asked to define the essentials of a strong government, Confucius stated that the only true essential is that
people have faith in their rulers
Many new religious movements have sprung up worldwide after World War II because
people seek security during periods of change and chaos
In a democracy the separation of church and state impacts the practice of religion by
protecting minority religions from bias or oppression
According to Islamic tradition, in addition to bringing protection, guidance, and knowledge, the recitation of the Qur'an is thought to
provide a healing, soothing effect
Many religions believe that they must safeguard family and the preciousness of life through
restrictions on reproduction and sexuality
Theologians do not consider the veneration of Mary to be idolatry because
she is not worshipped in herself but as the mother of the Jesus the Christ
Santeria developed in part because
slaves were prohibited from openly practicing their traditions
When you are not interested in religious institutions but still want to cultivate your inner dimension through personal beliefs and practices, this means you wish to focus on which dimension of religion?
spiritual
Christian ritual of public worship or liturgy is often a set pattern. What might cause a break in the pattern in some churches
spontaneous actions inspired by the Holy Spirit
During morning prayers, male Jews put on a special fringed garment and small leather boxes containing biblical verses, otherwise known as
tallit katan and tefillin
According to Max Weber, how might a religion be formed after a magnetic person dies
that person's followers turn the original inspiration into routines and organizations
which country has the largest percentage of church-going people in the industrialized world
the United States
American colonizers forced the native people's of the Americas from their indigenous lands onto reservations along the frontier. This is an example of
the effects of globalization
What is sometimes a result of rabbinic exegesis of sacred Jewish literature
the introduction of new ideas and practices
Daoist undertake individual spiritual practices for
the sake of inner transformation and perhaps immortality
Which of the following is NOT among the 5 major vows of the Jain laypeople
the vow of giving necessary articles to monks and nuns
If Baha'is believe that individual spiritual transformation will fix challenges facing humanity, why do they work to change public thought and policy?
they believe that societal structures also need changing
religious zionists believe in the right to a sovereign Jewish national homeland because
they believe that the land was promised to the Jews by God
The first four books of the New Testament, which were written forty to sixty years after Jesus' death, are called the gospels, or "good news" because
they tell about the life of Jesus the Messiah
How did Jesus teach spiritual lessons
through parables that included subject matter familiar to his audience
Why might someone from an indigenous community seek the aid of a shaman or mystical intermediary
to ensure a successful hunt or cure illnesses
The Communist Party in China has taken a pragmatic view of religion lately because
tradition may promote social stability amidst rapid change
According to "twelver' Shi'a, the twelfth Imam
was commanded by God to go into a hidden state
According to Prothero, which question is common to every religion
what to do with our lives in our human bodies
The patriarchal values of religious institutions can be found in all of the following examples EXCEPT
women being allowed to serve as religious authorities
Judaism lost its physical heart and geographic center in Jerusalem when
The Romans destroyed the Jewish Temple and reduced Jerusalem and all Judean towns to ruins
Which patriarchate of the Eastern Orthodox Church consists mostly of Orthodox Christian Arabs in Syria and Lebanon
Antioch
Three refuges of Buddhism are...
Buddha, Dharma, Sangha
Confucian teachings were revived through Neo-Confuscianism because some believed that
Buddhist and Daoist practices had brought about political weakness
Which of the following is not among the sacraments of the Catholic and Orthodox Christianity
Burial in grave
Why do Christians from the Catholic and orthodox churches treat the Eucharist with more respect than do most Protestants
Catholic and Orthodox Christians believe that the Eucharist is the body and blood of Jesus
If someone refuses medicine for inflammation after she has been diagnoses with an ankle sprain on religious grounds, what tradition is she likely from?
Christian Science
Why was the crowing of Haile Selassie important for the Rastafari religious group
It was seen as the fulfillment of Marcus Garvey's prophecy
The literature that preserves the stories of Muhammad's life and sayings is the
Hadith
The veneration of Mother Ganga is an example of
Hindu rituals associated with ancient goddess worship
Confucius says: "There are four things in the moral life of a person, not one of which I have been able to carry out in my life. To serve my parents as I would expect my children to serve me: that I have not been able to do. To serve my sovereign as I would expect a minister under me to serve me: that I have not been able to do. To act towards my elder siblings as I would expect my younger siblings to act towards me: that I have not been able to do. To be the first to behave towards friends as I would expect them to behave towards me: that I have not been able to do." (Novak, p. 127) Which of the five constant relationships is not covered in this quote?
Husband and wife
The patriarchate that tries to play a central role in maintaining Orthodox unity is seated in
Istanbul
A Jewish family in the US erects a simple outdoor booth during Sukkot. If you asked them why, what might be their response
It is a reminder of how God sheltered their ancestors during their exodus from Egypt
Why might someone accept dogma with absolute faith without ever experiencing it?
It provides a sense of rootedness, meaning, and orderliness
The following statement about Jewish history and Jewish people is factually correct
Jewish history is essentially that of dispersed people who find unity in an evolving set of teachings and practices
Which books of the Christian New Testament are referred to as the synoptic gospels because they present similar views of Jesus
Matthew, Mark, Luke
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints is less formally known as the
Mormon Church
If someone attends a church where members often receive gifts of the spirit, such as speaking in tongues, and are "slain in the Spirit," which Christian movement is that person part of?
Pentecostalism
According to mainstream Islamic belief, the "Seal of the Prophets" was
Muhammad
The founder of the Baha'i faith, the Bab, was executed for his teachings because the Persian state believed that
Muhammad was the Seal of the Prophets.
When transitioning from the Shang Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty, the focus of worship shifted
from a personal to an impersonal concept of divinity
How have the Puranas influenced how Hindus understand the cosmos and history?
They tell narratives of the origins of the cosmos through the deeds of legendary heroes
Joseph Campbell thought myths, such as the hero's journey, were meaningful because they
formed sacred belief structure that supported the ways of the community
The Jewish holy day where sins are confessed communally, forgiveness is asked for, and prayers for reconciliation with God are offered is called
Yom Kippur
God is portrayed in the Hebrew Scriptures as
a transcendent Creator who forms a covenant with the Jewish people
A religious person states that all who do not believe the same way that he does are destined for eternal punishment. This stance is known as
exclusivism
According to Hinduism, the concept of karma can be defined as
action and consequences of action
A Sufi teacher tells a story about a joyous man being swallowed into the sea to illustrate the joy of union with the divine. This is an example of what type of religious narrative
allegory
The Enlightenment impacted western European Jews by
allowing them to ascend to positions of prominence in western European society
All Muslims are enjoined by the Qur'an to carry on jihad, which has been classified by The Prophet Muhammad into two types; one of these classifications is "Lesser Jihad: meaning
an external effort to protect the Way of God against the forces of evil
why do some scholars question whether or not the concept of "religion" is useful
bc the concept is so complex and elusive
Kabbalah is associated with esotericism
because it focuses on interacting with unseen reality
Why can Advaita Vendanta be called generally monistic
because it posits a single reality
The process of understanding, interpreting, and implementing the shariah is known as
fiqh
When 8 days old, to honor the seal of God's commandment to Abraham, boys undergo the ritual ceremony of
brit milah
In the Scopes trial of 1925, the controversy between fundamentalism and modernism received its most famous public expression in America when John Scopes
challenged a state law forbidding the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution
In their worship of a diety, Hindus typically
chant to the deity, seek to see the deity (darshan), commune with the deity by eating the food that has been offered, offer flowers and food to the deity
the goal of religious pluralism is
collaboration among religions for the common good
East Asian religions manifest themselves to practitioners as
complementary value systems
Hindu death rituals require...
cremation, followed by the ritual immersion of bone and ash in the waters of a holy river
Societies where Muslims are a minority but can freely and peaceably practice Islam are called
dar al-sulh
The Vajrayana practice of meditation upon oneself in the form of Buddha or boddhisatva in order to embody enlightened qualities is called
deity yoga