Renal & Urinary

A nurse is teaching a client about the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

"You should not ejaculate for 24 hours prior to the PSA test." (PSA is a glycoprotein that is manufactured in the prostate and is used to screen for prostate cancer. Ejaculation within 24 hours prior to the test can cause falsely elevated levels of PSA.)

Creatinine

A crystalline substance formed in the muscles that can be isolated from body fluids. Increased serum creatinine lvl. can be signs of improper kidney function.

Post-op transurethral of the orientate (TURP)

After a TURP, the client will feel the urge to urinate. The nurse should reassure him that he will receive analgesics to help relieve this discomfort.

peritoneal dialysis

Alternating instillation of a fluid (dialysate) into the peritoneal cavity by a catheter for a period of time (dwell time), in order to remove toxic wastes from the body by diffusion and osmosis across the peritoneal membrane. It is followed by drainage of the dialysate out the same catheter. This is done as a result of renal failure or following the ingestion of certain poisons, to clear the body of toxic wastes. #dialysate #osmosis #renal failure

A nurse is assessing a client who is 1 week postoperative following a living donor kidney transplant. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing acute kidney rejection?

BP of 160/90 mmHg (Due to the kidney's role in fluid and blood pressure regulation, a client who is experiencing rejection can have hypertension)

A nurse is teaching a client about urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include?

Back pain and flank pain are manifestations of a UTI. Other manifestations include frequency, urgency, and cloudy, foul-smelling urine.

A nurse is providing dietary teaching a client who has late-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which of the following nutrients should the nurse instruct the client to increase in her diet?

Calcium (A client who has CKD can develop hypocalcemia due to the reduced production of active vitamin D, which is needed for calcium absorption. The client should supplement dietary calcium.)

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis. The nurse notes that the client's dialysate output is less than the input, and his abdomen is distended. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Change the patients' position. (The client is retaining the dialysate solution after the dwell time. The nurse should ensure that the clamp is open and the tubing is not kinked, and reposition the client to facilitate the drainage of the solution from the peritoneal cavity)

A nurse is caring for a client who is in the oliguric-anuric stage of acute kidney injury. The client reports diarrhea, a dull headache, palpitations, and muscle tingling and weakness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Check the client's electrolyte values.

transurethral resection (TURP)

Definition: Surgery performed through a scope inserted into the urethra. This is usually done to removal of part of the prostate. Related Terms: benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostate, prostatectomy

A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Limit fluid intake. (A client who has CKD should limit fluid intake to prevent hypervolemia, or excessive fluid overload.)

A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about collecting a 24-hr urine specimen for creatinine clearance. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Place signs in the bathroom as a reminder about the test in progress. (The nurse should place signs in the bathroom and alert family members of the test in progress so that everyone saves the specimens appropriately throughout the test)

A nurse is monitoring a client who is undergoing extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL). The nurse should identify that which of the following findings is the priority?

The nurse should apply the ABC priority-setting framework. This framework emphasizes the basic core of human functioning - having an open airway, being able to breathe in adequate amounts of oxygen, and circulating oxygen to the body's organs via the blood. An alteration in any of these can indicate a threat to life, and is the nurse's priority concern. When applying the ABC priority-setting framework, airway is always the highest priority because the airway must be clear and open for oxygen exchange to occur. Breathing is the second-highest priority in the ABC priority-setting framework because adequate ventilatory effort is essential in order for oxygen exchange to occur. Circulation is the third-highest priority in the ABC priority-setting framework because delivery of oxygen to critical organs only occurs if the heart and blood vessels are capable of efficiently carrying oxygen to them. ESWL is the application of sound, laser, or dry shock wave energies to break a kidney stone into small pieces. The shock waves are initiated during the R wave of the ECG to prevent dysrhythmias. When using the airway, breathing, circulation approach to client care, the nurse determines dysrhythmias are the priority finding.