Reproductive system 27, Endocrine Review Questions, Chapter 17 Endocrine, Endocrine System, Chapter 27
Normally menstruation occurs when ________. A) blood levels of FSH fall off B) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease C) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase D) the corpus luteum secretes estrogen
B
Prostate cancer is _______. A) the number one cause of death in men B) sometimes a slow-growing cancer that may never represent a threat to the patient C) most common in Asians D) often the result of a distortion of the urethra
B
Secretion of progesterone stimulates ________. A) contraction of uterine muscles B) preparation of the mammary glands for lactation C) secretory activity of the uterine myometrium D) development of the female secondary sex characteristics
B
Growth hormone, secreted by the _ gland, stimulates growth of bones and muscle by activating intermediary proteins called_.
anterior pituitary, somatomedins
what cell from the pancreas islets produce insulin that lowers blood sugar
beta cells
parafollicular cells make what to decrease blood calcium
calcitonin
what produces epinephrine and norepinephrine also known as adrenalin
chromaffin cells
oxytocin is involved with what
contractions
zona fasiculata is involved with what
cortisol and sugar
A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would ________. A) be sterile B) not develop secondary sex characteristics C) be impotent (unable to have an erection) D) have impaired function of interstitial cells
A
A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause ________. A) decreased testosterone secretion B) excessive beard growth C) increased spermatogenesis D) shrinkage of the anterior pituitary gland
A
All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except ________. A) FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium B) Estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the follicular phase of the cycle C) The corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation D) A decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signals menstruation
A
Functions of testosterone include ________. A) facilitation of muscle and skeletal growth in mass B) loss of facial hair C) growth of the breasts D) drying of the skin
A
Select the correct statement about testosterone control. A) GnRh from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary. B) FSH stimulates testicular production of testosterone. C) Inhibin and testosterone exert positive feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary. D) The pineal gland is believed to be the gland that exerts the most influence in testosterone control.
A
Select the correct statement about the testis. A) The testis is surrounded by the tunica vaginalis. B) Each lobule of the testis contains 4-8 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules. C) The interstitial cells are responsible for sperm cell maturation and also form the blood-testis barrier. D) The Sertoli cells secrete testosterone.
A
The corpus luteum is ________. A) the ruptured follicle following the ejection of an oocyte from the ovary B) the ovarian ligament that anchors the ovary medially to the uterus C) the mesovarium D) part of the uterine tube
A
The ovaries ________. A) are surrounded by the tunica albuginea B) are anchored to the uterus by the suspensory ligament C) are anchored to the body wall by the ovarian ligament D) contain a germinal epithelium from which the gametes arise
A
The seminal vesicles ________. A) produce a yellowish fluid rich in fructose B) produce about 90% of the volume of semen C) encircle the upper part of the urethra D) attach at the base of the penis
A
Which of the following glands are responsible for 60% of the synthesis of semen? A) the seminal vesicles B) the bulbourethral glands C) the prostate D) the pituitary
A
Specialized muscles cells in the heart produce _(hormone), which increases excretion of _ (electrolyte) by the kidneys.
ANP, sodium
Characteristics of the mature sperm include ________. A) the presence of two X chromosomes in approximately half the sperm B) the presence of Y chromosomes in approximately half the sperm C) the absence of an acrosome D) the absence of coiled mitochondria
B
During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ________. A) LH reaches its highest levels B) progesterone levels are at their highest C) estrogen reaches its highest levels D) the Graafian follicle forms
B
In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state following fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in this case would be ________. A) dizygotic B) identical C) fraternal D) of different sexes
B
The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex primarily produces the hormone ___ which acts on the ___(organ) to increase__(electrolyte) reabsorption.
aldosterone, kidney, sodium
Select the correct statement about male sexual response. A) Sympathetic impulses are responsible for causing penile arteriolar dilation, resulting in erection. B) Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood. C) Expansion of the penile tissues results in dilation of the venous outflow. D) Ejaculation is the result of parasympathetic stimulation.
B
Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle. A) Rising levels of estrogen start follicle development. B) High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release. C) The follicle begins to secrete progesterone in response to estrogen stimulation. D) The LH surge stimulates further development of the secondary oocyte.
B
Spermatogenesis ________. A) is the process of releasing mature sperm cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule B) involves a kind of cell division limited to the gametes C) results in the formation of diploid cells D) uses mitosis to produce gamete cells
B
The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to ________. A) gravity B) peristaltic contractions C) enzymatic activity D) hormonal action
B
The brain-testicular axis ________. A) is the tight relationship between the cortex and the control of testicular function B) involves FSH and LH release C) involves posterior pituitary release of regulating hormones D) involves a positive feedback loop control of spermatogenesis
B
The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the next is maintained through ________. A) mitosis B) meiosis C) cytokinesis D) DNA synthesis
B
The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following is true about the role they play? A) They contract to push sperm along the ductus deferens. B) They regulate the temperature of the testes. C) They are responsible for penile erection. D) They contract to allow ejaculation.
B
The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called ________. A) the Graafian follicles B) the fallopian tubes C) the infundibula D) the fimbriae
B
Which of the following is a correct statement about uterine tubes? A) The ampulla is the narrow constricted region. B) The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped region near the ovary. C) The isthmus is the normal site of fertilization. D) The mesometrium supports the uterine tubes along their entire length.
B
Which of the following statements about sperm is not true? A) They contain very little cytoplasm or stored nutrients. B) They are sluggish in an alkaline environment. C) The acrosome is produced by the Golgi apparatus and contains hydrolytic enzymes. D) The sperm midpiece consists of Golgi bodies spiraled tightly around the contractile filaments of the tail.
B
Which of the following will occur after ovulation? A) The corpus luteum secretes estrogen only. B) The endometrium enters its secretory phase. C) The secretion of anterior pituitary gonadotropins is enhanced. D) The corpus luteum prepares to become a corpus albicans.
B
what cell from the pancreas islets produce glucagons that raise blood sugar
alpha cells
All of the following can be considered male secondary sex characteristics except the ________. A) development of body hair B) lowering of the voice C) development of testes as opposed to ovaries D) increasing mass of the skeleton
C
Development of male reproductive structures depends on which of the following events? A) that the female hormones are suppressed during pregnancy B) the suppression of inhibin C) secretion of male hormones prenatally and lasting into the first few months after birth D) that human gonadotropin be synthesized in the first week of the pregnancy
C
Effects of estrogen include ________. A) increased oiliness of the skin B) deepening of the voice C) growth of the breasts at puberty D) growth of the larynx
C
Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________. A) about the same number of each is produced per month B) they have the same degree of motility C) they have the same number of chromosomes D) they are about the same size
C
Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise? A) There were originally four polar bodies and one disappeared. B) One is an undeveloped primary oocyte that failed to mature. C) The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies. D) What you really see are two polar bodies and the sperm that will fertilize the egg.
C
Select the correct statement about mammary glands. A) Mammary glands are modified sebaceous glands. B) They have functional, milk-producing, simple alveolar glands. C) The breasts of most nonpregnant females are composed of fat and connective tissue. D) The pigmented area around the nipple is called the perineum.
C
Spermiogenesis involves ________. A) the formation of four haploid cells from a spermatogonium B) the movement of sperm in the female genital tract C) the formation of a functional sperm by the stripping away of superfluous cytoplasm D) the sequence of events in the rete testis
C
The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ________. A) during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced B) the mature ovum is n, while the sperm is 2n C) in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell D) spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis involves meiosis only
C
The duct system of the male reproductive system includes ________. A) the epididymis, a tightly coiled tube about 6 inches long B) the urethra, which is divided into four anatomical areas C) the ductus deferens, a duct that runs from the epididymis up into the pelvic cavity D) the corpus spongiosum
C
The gubernaculum ________. A) is the part of the parietal peritoneum that will become the tunica vaginalis B) will become the spermatic cord C) is a cord that will guide the descent of the testes D) will become the ductus deferens
C
The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________. A) smoking B) a diet high in fat C) nondescent of the testes D) sexually transmitted diseases
C
The testicular cells that construct the blood-testis barrier are the ________. A) spermatocytes B) spermatogonia C) sustentacular cells D) interstitial cells
C
Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle? A) cervical mucus becomes thin and crystalline B) ovulation C) corpus luteum D) development of endometrial cells
C
Which of the following constitutes the female counterpart of the male scrotum? A) the clitoris B) the greater vestibular glands C) the labia majora D) the mons pubis
C
Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins? A) LH B) FSH C) GnRH D) testosterone
C
Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes? A) Male sex hormones will not be circulated in the body. B) Sperm will have no means of exit from the body. C) Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced. D) Inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testes.
C
Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is not true? A) Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tube. B) Ovulation usually occurs 14 days after the beginning of menses. C) Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin. D) The monthly discharge of the uterus (menses) is initiated by the decrease in secretion of female hormones.
C
One ventral hypothalamic hormone __ is essential for the stress response and another (__) inhibits release of prolactin.
CRH or cortisol, PIH
An ovulating oocyte is actually activated by hormones about ________ days before ovulation. A) 14 B) 28 C) 85 D) 110
D
Erection of the penis results from ________. A) a sympathetic reflex B) parasympathetic activation of the bulbourethral glands C) dilation of the veins in the penis D) a spinal reflex mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system
D
Fertilization generally occurs in the ________. A) ovary B) uterus C) vagina D) fallopian tubes
D
Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle. A) The menstrual phase of the cycle is from day 1 to day 8. B) During the secretory phase, estrogen levels are at their highest. C) During the proliferative phase, levels of progesterone rise as the follicle begins to produce more hormone. D) If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo.
D
The ability of a male to ejaculate is due to the action of ________. A) detumescence B) the dartos muscle C) luteinizing hormone D) the bulbospongiosus muscles
D
The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________. A) spermatocytes B) spermatogonia C) sustentacular cells D) interstitial cells
D
The primary function of the uterus is to ________. A) protect the ovaries B) synthesize female hormones C) regulate the ovarian and menstrual cycles D) receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum
D
What mechanism divides the testes into lobules? A) interstitial spaces B) seminiferous tubules C) the ductus deferens D) septal extensions of the tunica albuginea
D
Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously? A) maximal LH secretion and menstruation B) maximal steroid secretion by the corpus luteum and menstruation C) early follicular development and the secretory phase in the uterus D) regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian progesterone secretion
D
Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is not true? A) The spermatogonium forms the primary spermatocyte. B) The primary spermatocyte forms two secondary spermatocytes. C) The secondary spermatocytes each form two spermatids. D) Each spermatid forms two sperm.
D
Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females? A) Both sexes are equally prone to breast cancer. B) All lumps identified in breast tissue are malignant. C) The only time hormones target breast tissue is during pregnancy and lactation. D) The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually part of the integumentary system.
D
Which of these statements about sexually transmitted diseases is false? A) Chlamydia is caused by bacteria that can bring on a wide variety of nonfatal but uncomfortable symptoms. B) Gonorrhea is caused by a bacteria that can bring on very painful discharges. C) Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated. D) Genital herpes is caused by a virus that may lead to cervical cancer.
D
zona reticularis is involved with what
androgens (testosterone) and sex
____(hormone) is a stimulus for sperm production in the male and maturation of ovarian follicles in the female.
FSH
_____(hormone) produced by G-cells in teh pyloric antrum stimulates ___secretion in the stomach.
Gastrin, hydrochloric acid
____, secreted by the pineal gland, helps regulate body activities with the light-dark cycle.
Melatonin
___(hormone) promotes the final conversion of vitamin D to __in the kidney.
PTH, calcitriol
zona glomerulosa produces what hormones and is involved with what
aldosterone and salt balance
acth works with what part of the body
adrenal cortex
____(hormone) from the anterior pituitary stimulates secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex(gland). The anterior pituitary consists of _tissue.
adrenal cortex, glandular
what is the center part of the adrenal gland
adrenal medulla
__ __ (gland) is a modified sympathetic ganglion producing the amine hormones known as ____. This category of amine hormones includes both ____ and _____(two hormones).
adrenal medulla, catecholamines, epenephrine, norepenephrine
Which of the following is a false statement: a)Thyroid hormone has a calorigenic effect. b) Epinephrine is said to have a glucose-sparing effect. c) Cholesterol is essential for the synthesis of steroid hormones. d) Peptide hormones are synthesized by cytoplasmic ribosomes as active enzymes. e) Regardless of the cause of stress, the body reacts in a fairly consistent way to different stressors.
d) Peptide hormones are synthesized by cytoplasmic ribosomes as active enzymes. - F
1) Which of the following is a true statement: a) Hormones are normally secreted via ducts into the bloodstream. b) Hormones serve as intracellular messengers. c) Testosterone is a gonadotropin. d) Many effects of growth hormone are mediated by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) secreted by the pancreas. - e) Both the thymus and the pineal gland shrink after childhood.
e) Both the thymus and the pineal gland shrink after childhood. - T
Anterior Pituitary releases 6 hormones called
fsh, lh, acth, tsh, gh
Hormones secreted by the pancreatic islets of the pancreas include _ from the alpha cells and __from the beta cells. Which of these hormones raise blood glucose levels?
glucagon, insulin, glucagon
pituitary gland is also called the?
hypothysis
what maintains our day and night cycles
melatonin
prolactin makes what
milk production
gh works with what
muscles and bones
what produces estrogens and progesterone
ovaries
posterior pituitary produces two hormones called
oxytocin and adh
what is a dual function organ that has exocrine and endocrine structures/functions
pancreas
rides piggy back on thyroid
parathyroid gland
what is located in the 3rd ventricle and makes melatonin
pineal gland
what increases blood calcium and basically robs the bone of calcium
pth
Hormones act at specific target organs because these organs contain ______ specific for the hormones.
receptors
fsh and lh are what type of hormones
sex hormones
tsh produces what two hormones
t3 and t4
what produces testosterone from interstitial cells
testes
The __(organ) produces a steroid hormone called ___ in the interstitial cells and a peptide hormone called __ that inhibits FSH.
testes, testosterone, inhibin
what aids in t-cell formation and the immune system (wbcs)
thymus
The parafollicular or C-cells of the throid gland produce _, a peptide hormone that lowers plasma calcium levels.
thyroid, calcitonin
Large follicles in this gland (___) contain a protein colloid called ___ from which the hormones __ and ___ are made. These hormones regulate many metabolic functions and are important for nervous systems development and growth.
thyroid, thyroglobulin, t3, t4
adh is involved with
water balance
adrenal cortex has three layers called what
zona glomerulosa, zona fasiculata, zona reticularis
