Research Final

Which section of a proposal states what contribution has been made by previous research? A. Introduction B. Method C. Literature Review D. Discussion

C. Literature Review

Which is NOT a hint to help you write your literature review? A. Create a unified theme B. Use a system to organize your materials C. Make sure it is testable D. Work from an outline

C. Make sure it is testable

1. When you have ordinal data (such as class rank), which is the best measure of central tendency to use? range mode median mean

C. Median

1. Intelligence tests usually compare the performance of a child against other children of the same age. This type of test is called ________________________. an achievement test a standardized test a norm-referenced test a criterion-referenced test

C. Norm-referenced test

Which of the following statements is true of systematic sampling? more precise than simple random sampling a little more difficult and involved than simple random sampling not all members of the population have an equal chance to be selected ensures that the profile of the sample matches the profile of the population

C. Not all members of the population have an equal chance to be selected

1. In which of the following is randomization NOT possible? selection of a sample from the population assignment of participants to groups post-testing of participants assignment of treatment type to groups

C. Post-testing of participants

1. Which is a threat to external validity? history selection pretest sensitization regression

C. Pretest sensitization

What is the purpose of a table of random numbers? determine the number of subjects in a study decide what statistical test to use randomly assign people to groups number items on a questionnaire

C. Randomly assign people to groups

1. Which measure of variability is the most direct way to measure how dispersed a set of scores is? the mean standard deviation range variance

C. Range

In a prepared manuscript, what should follow the discussion section? A. Tables B. Title Page C. References D. Abstract

C. References

Which of the following would be found in the method section? A. Introduction B. Running Head C. Rationale for the research D. Participants

D. Participants

1. Which is the weakest correlation? + 0.76 + 0.21 - 0.01 - 0.88

-0.01

1. Which correlation coefficient indicates the strongest relationship? 0.00 +0.50 -0.70 +0.60

-0.70

1. A test that measures knowledge of a specific topic is considered what type of test? achievement test attitude test personality test projective test

A. Achievement Test

1. When conducting an interview, what should you be careful NOT to do? begin the interview cold be direct dress appropriately use a tape recorder

A. Begin the interview cold

1. Which is a method used to study an individual as intensely as possible? case study ethnography historiography correlation

A. Case study

1. Which type of recording would measure the length of time a behavior occurs? duration interval frequency continuous

A. Duration

In true experimental designs, what does research attempt to isolate and control? A. factors not tested that could be responsible for any effects except the ones being tested B. statistics that are used to interpret the results C. laboratory conditions to maximize the validity of the experiment D. answers of the people in the study

A. Factors not tested that could be responsible for any effects except the ones being tested

Identify and select the correct order of steps in scientific inquiry. A. formulating a hypothesis, collecting relevant information, testing the hypothesis, working with the hypothesis B. reconsidering the theory, asking new questions, identifying the important factors, collecting relevant information C. asking the question, identifying the important factors, asking new questions, testing the hypothesis D. asking new questions, reconsidering the theory, working with the hypothesis, testing the hypothesis

A. Formulating a hypothesis, collecting relevant information, testing the hypothesis, working with the hypothesis

The top of the to-do list when it comes to participating in the research process is the requirement to: A. Have the human subjects committee review and approve the procedures B. Protect the anonymity of the participants that will be in the study C. Provide participants with as much details as possible before the study D. Maintain confidentiality of information on the participants in the study

A. Have the human subjects committee review and approve the procedures

In a study of the effect of the amount TV viewing on children's aggressiveness, amount of TV viewing would be what type of variable? A. independent variable B. dependent variable C. control variable D. extraneous variable

A. Independent Variable

Which service allows you to secure a copy of a journal that your library does not carry, but another library does carry? A. Interlibrary Loan System B. Library Exchange Program C. National Borrower's System D. U.S. Library Transfer Program

A. Interlibrary Loan System

1. Most threats to ____________________ are taken care of by the experiment's design, while most threats to _____________________ need to be taken care of by the designer of the experiment. internal validity, external validity external validity, internal validity randomization, reliability reliability, randomization

A. Internal validity, external validity

1. Which of the following is the potential weakness of survey interviewing? interviewer bias minimal sample size only one contact is made with subjects generalizability with large samples

A. Interviewer bias

A standardized test _________________________________________. is usually commercially produced and requires a common set of administration and scoring procedures compares an individual's test performance to the test performance of others relies only on multiple-choice questions is designed and administered by a researcher for a specific research study

A. Is usually commercially produced and requires a common set of administration and scoring procedures

Which of the following is a general source? A. Lexis/Nexis Academic B. Journal of Learning Disabilities C. PscyhAbstracts D. Encyclopedia of Psychology

A. Lexis/Nexis Academic

1. Which of the following measures is NOT a measure of central tendency? mass mean median mode

A. Mass

1. Which of the following sequences exemplifies the method of a single-subject design? measure behavior prior to treatment, apply treatment, withdraw treatment apply treatment, measure behavior, withdraw treatment apply treatment, withdraw treatment, measure behavior apply treatment with a treatment

A. Measure behavior prior to treatment, apply treatment, withdraw treatment

1. Which measure of central tendency is most often used when the data has extreme scores? median mean midpoint mode

A. Median

1. Professor Russel wants to examine the effectiveness of his new reading instruction method for third graders. He locates two third grade classes in the same school. He assesses all students' current reading ability at the start of the school year. He then has one classroom utilize his new instruction method while the other classroom uses the traditional method. At the end of the school year, Professor Russell assesses reading ability once again and compares group differences. The design of this study exemplifies which of the following? nonequivalent control group design static group comparison Solomon two group design factorial design

A. Nonequivalent control group design

1. What is the crucial element in making an accurate inference? obtaining a representative sample of the population obtaining a representative population of the sample being well versed in multivariate statistical procedures doing a good literature review

A. Obtaining a representative sample of the population

1. The experimental design that uses one group, a treatment, and a posttest is called ________________. one-shot case study design pretest posttest control group design Solomon four-group design one-group pretest posttest design

A. One-shot case study design

1. What is an example of a true experimental design? pretest posttest control group design one-group pretest posttest design one-shot case study design nonequivalent control group design

A. Pretest posttest control group design

1. Which of the following is better to use? primary sources secondary sources they are both equal in value don't use either

A. Primary sources

1. What do you call research data that has not been analyzed and is still in an unorganized format? raw data research data data points descriptive data

A. Raw data

1. Which of the following threats to external validity happens when subjects discover the experiment's purpose? reactive arrangements multiple treatment interference experimenter effects pretest sensitization

A. Reactive arrangement

What does generalizability refers to? results that may be applied to different populations in different settings results that apply only to the sample studied convenience sampling using a table of random numbers

A. Results that may be applied to different populations in different settings

What should be the focus of research studies? A. Risks and benefits B. Risks and costs C. Costs and benefits D. Benefits and protections

A. Risks and Benefits

1. What is data that is derived from sources at least once removed from the original event? secondary sources global sources primary sources informal sources

A. Secondary sources

In which sampling technique does each member of the population have an equal and independent chance of being selected to be part of the sample? A. Simple random sampling B. Systematic sampling C. Stratified sampling D. Cluster sampling

A. Simple Random Sampling

Which sampling technique is the most time-consuming? simple random sampling quota sampling systematic sampling cluster sampling

A. Simple random sampling

1. Which would NOT be considered a source of information for qualitative research? tests records observation interviews

A. Tests

How is the independent variable different from the dependent variable? A. the independent variable is manipulated during the experiment to understand the effects of this manipulation on the dependent variable B. the dependent variable is manipulated during the experiment to understand the effects of this manipulation on the independent variable C. dependent and independent variables are only used when researchers are not interested in looking at the effects of one thing on another, but only in how variables may be related D. the independent variable is a variable not included in the experiment, but is related to one of the variables in the experiment

A. The independent variable is manipulated during the experiment to understand the effects of this manipulation on the dependent variable

Which of the following explains the use of probability sampling? the likelihood of any one member of a population being selected is known the likelihood any one member of a population being selected is unknown randomly selecting any one member from the population is effective randomly selecting any one member from the population is underestimated

A. The likelihood of any one member of a population being selected is known

What is the most important requirement in a research study? A. The signed informed consent form B. The confidentiality of participants C. The anonymity of participants D. The maintenance of privacy

A. The signed informed consent form

Which of the following would NOT be considered a major section of a research proposal? A. Terminology B. A review of the literature C. The method D. Implications and Limitations

A. The terminology

Who passed the National Research Act? A. U.S. Congress B. U.S. Senate C. National Academy of Science D. National Institute of Health

A. U.S. Congress

1. The experimental design that uses one group and a pretest and posttest is called ____________________. one-group pretest posttest design posttest only control group design Solomon four-group design one-shot case study

A. one-group pretest posttest design

Experimental methods can typically be described by which of the following? A. descriptive B. cause-and-effect C. correlational D. qualitative

B. Cause-and-effect

How many words in length should your abstract be? A. 50 B. 120 C. 300 D. There is no limit

B. 120

Peer review means that of a journal submission usually requires a minimum of how many reviewers A. 1 B. 3 C. 6 D. 9

B. 3

What is the best definition of an institutional review board? A. A group of people who make decisions regarding an institution's human resources B. A group of people found in most public institutions and private agencies who render a judgment as to whether experiments carried out in their facilities are free from risk C. A group of people who review the literature produced by researchers in their institution in order to keep an accounting of it B. A group of people representing many different institutions who meet to review the current literature in their respective field

B. A group of people found in most public institutions and private agencies who render a judgement as to whether experiments carried out in their facilities are free from risk

1. Which of the following examples shows a positive or direct correlation? A study showing the correlation between reading scores and physical education scores is -.63. A study showing the correlation between ice cream sales and heat is +.78. The scattergram of pipe smoking and eye color. The coefficient of determination.

B. A study showing the correlation between ice cream sales and heat is +.78

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study is often used as an example of A. A groundbreaking study using Facebook B. A study that did not take into account ethical considerations C. A study guided by the ethical guidelines of the American Medical Association (AMA) D. A study that breached confidentiality of participants

B. A study that did not take into account ethical considerations

1. You have a diary thought to be written by a confederate soldier during the Civil War. A handwriting expert believes the writing matches other samples that have already been traced to this man. A carbon-dating expert can verify the age of the document. The diary gives an account of a battle, but you have other documents that contradict some of the events as written. Based on this information, what should you question about the diary? authenticity accuracy validity ability to pass a test of external criticism

B. Accuracy

What guidelines do most journals in the social and behavioral sciences follow? A. Index Medicus B. American Psychological Association C. Society of Psychiatric Journals D. Modern Language Association

B. American Psychological Association

The ratio level of measurement would include which of the following? political affiliation amount of books owned order of finishing test GRE score

B. Amount of books owned

1. What does the term ANCOVA mean? analysis of coverage analysis of covariance analysis of covenant analysis of covalence

B. Analysis of covariance

Confidentiality refers to A. Records not being linked with names B. Anything learned about an individual is not shared C. No real names are used D. Information is disguised

B. Anything learned about an individual is not shared

1. Which type of research has only one subject? correlational case study experimental quasi-experimental

B. Case study

Sally selects classrooms of first graders to study the effects of teaching styles on math achievement. This is an example of ________________________. stratified random sampling cluster sampling proportional sampling sampling error

B. Cluster Sampling

1. Dr. Goldstein studied the sleep patterns of five groups of subjects aged 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 to determine if there were any differences in pattern following adolescence. How would this type of study be classified? longitudinal cross-sectional multiple baseline historical

B. Cross-sectional

When must a researcher be sure to debrief participants in an experiment? A. Debriefing cannot be done until the study is complete and has been published B. Debriefing must be done in experiments where one group of participants is asked to do something for a reason other than that which they are told C. Debriefing must occur when the null hypothesis is not upheld D. Debriefing must occur any time one does a case study

B. Debriefing must be done in experiments where one group of participants is asked to do something for a reason other than that which they are told

In a study of the effect of pleasure reading on vocabulary level, the vocabulary level is considered what type of variable? A. independent variable B. dependent variable C. control variable D. extraneous variable

B. Dependent Variable

1. Which of the following is an example of a closed-ended interview question? Why did you vote for Gerald Ford? Did you vote for Gerald Ford? What were the reasons for your decision? What were the strengths of Gerald Ford's presidency?

B. Did you vote for Gerald Ford?

Which of the following variables is an example of the nominal level of measurement? rank in graduating class gender age of students amount of money earned

B. Gender

1. One of the keys to successful operation of the central limit theorem is that the sample size must be ___________________. less than 20 greater than 30 greater than 40 greater than 50

B. Greater than 30

1. When a normal distribution is represented by a histogram, where would most scores fall? in the extremes of the distribution in the middle of the distribution outside of the distribution on the high end of the distribution

B. In the middle of the distribution

1. Which is NOT a main function of focus groups? generating insight into previously misunderstood topics in-depth information gathering on one participant understanding how group members arrive at their conclusions encouraging group interaction

B. In-depth information gathering on one participant

When is a stratified sample an appropriate sampling technique? specific characteristics of the population are of no concern individuals in a population are not equal each member must have an equal chance of being selected you have a small population

B. Individuals in a population are not equal

1. In which type of recording is a subject observed for a particular amount of time? duration interval frequency continuous

B. Interval

1. What is an advantage of using multiple-choice questions? There is no chance to practice writing. It is difficult to fake a correct answer. They limit the type of content that can be assessed. Some people do not like them.

B. It is difficult to fake a correct answer

Why is a null hypothesis said to be implied? A. It's always directly tested. B. It's never directly tested. C. You do not need to test it to know that it is false. D. It is stated in a question form.

B. It's never directly tested

1. Which one of the following is a disadvantage of multiple-choice tests? can be used to assess almost anyone limits the kind of content assessed are relatively easy to score poor writers are not penalized

B. Limits the kind of content assessed

1. Which is a threat to internal validity? multiple treatment interference maturation experimenter effects reactive arrangements

B. Maturation

1. Which of the following statements is true? Significance is better than meaningfulness. Meaningfulness is better than significance. Both significance and meaningfulness are equal in value. Neither significance nor meaningfulness is important in a study.

B. Meaningfulness is better than significance

Which section of a proposal discusses the reliability of any tests that are to be used? A. Introduction B. Method C. Literature Review D. Implications and Limitations

B. Method

Which section of the proposal contains information on the instrumentation used? A. Introduction B. Method C. Implications and Limitations D. Literature Review

B. Method

1. What measure would be used to compute the average gender of subjects? mean mode median standard deviation

B. Mode

In what order are multiple authors listed on a manuscript? A. Alphabetically B. Order of contribution C. Alphabetically by institution D. Ranked by number of publications

B. Order of contribution

How might a researcher minimize sampling error? A. Using convenience samples B. Randomly assigning individuals to groups C. Decreasing sample size D. Asking friends to answer a questionnaire

B. Randomly assigning individuals to groups

A well-written hypothesis: A. creates a unified theme B. reflects a theory or body of literature upon which it is based C. searches through secondary sources D. uses participants in the study who have been used in similar studies

B. Reflects a theory or body of literature upon which it is based

1. When you cannot use a pretest, what would be the appropriate design to use? nonequivalent control group design static group comparison single-subject design ABAB design

B. Static group comparison

Which of the following is a fatal error in research problem selection? A. refining your idea upon review of the literature B. sticking with the first idea that comes to mind C. selecting a problem you are genuinely interested in D. doing something meaningful

B. Sticking with the first idea that comes to mind

A measure of how stable a test is over time is an example of which of the following? inter-rater reliability test-retest reliability parallel forms reliability internal consistency

B. Test-retest reliability

1. What is the average amount that each score varies from the mean of the set of scores? the range the standard deviation the mean the normal curve

B. The standard deviation

1. What does a level of significance of .05 mean? there is a .5% chance of Type I error there is a 5% chance of Type I error there is a .05% chance of Type I error there is a 50% chance of Type I error

B. There is a 5% chance of Type I error

In a prepared manuscript, which of the following comes first? A. Tables B. Title Page C. References D. Abstract

B. Title Page

If the reason for the difference between the true and observed score is a characteristic of the person taking the test, the resulting decrease in reliability will be attributed to ____________. method error trait error random error nonsystematic error

B. Trait Error

1. If Helen mistakenly accepts her null hypothesis when it should be rejected, what has occurred? Type I error Type II error researcher bias none of the above

B. Type II error

What should be done if a treatment is suspected to have adverse effects? A. Stop the research with the sample B. Use a small well-informed sample C. Find a possible treatment for participants D. Expand the sample size to another group

B. Use a small well-informed sample

1. What would a correlation of .35 be called? moderate weak very strong very weak

B. Weak

What is the average rejection rate for the top journals? A. 15% B. 50% C. 80% D. 95%

C. 80%

1. In the above example, if Dr. Moore intervenes with reinforcement for one month, withholds treatment for one month but then re-intervenes, Dr. Moore's design is best represented as __________________. ABC ABA ABAB ABBA

C. ABAB

Nonexperimental research methods consist of which of the following? A. test causal relationships between variables B. only describe characteristics of existing phenomenon C. can be descriptive, historical, or correlational D. examine factors that are not related

C. Can be Descriptive, historical, or correlational

When variables compete to explain the same effects, what are they sometimes called? A. contradictory B. intertwining C. confounding D. interdependent

C. Confounding

1. What is the first step in conducting historical research? evaluating authenticity and accuracy of evidence formulating a hypothesis defining a topic or problem integrating data

C. Defining a topic or problem

1. What is one suggested limitation of the single subject design? significant expense internal validity external validity none of the above

C. External validity

What type of variable has an unpredictable impact on the dependent variable? A. wild variable B. independent variable C. extraneous variable D. moderator variable

C. Extraneous

1. Recording the number of occurrences of a particular behavior is noted in which of the following? duration interval frequency continuous

C. Frequency

1. The term nonequivalent in "nonequivalent control group design" refers to the nonequivalence of __________________________. sample size pretesting procedures groups before the experiment begins groups after the experiment has ended

C. Groups before the experiment begins

Which is NOT a common criticism of research articles? A. Data collection not carefully controlled B. Weaknesses in design of research C. Hypothesis was not interesting D. Limitations of the study were not stated

C. Hypothesis was not interesting

Two trained professionals observe the behavior of children in a classroom. They each rate observed behaviors using the same form and the number of items that were rated the same is calculated. This is an example of which type of reliability? parallel reliability test-retest reliability inter-rater reliability none of the above

C. Inter-rater reliability

1. In quasi-experimental research, when will the cause of differences between groups occur? during the experiment after the experiment it has already occurred it will never occur

C. It has already occurred

1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of participant observation? It is time-consuming There is a risk of interfering with the natural process. It is a primary method used in historical research. It is a primary method used in ethnography.

C. It is a primary method used in historical research

Which of the following is true of the scientific method of inquiry? A. complete once the hypothesis has been tested B. will vary depending on the specific research question C. systematic process that is used to answer questions D. different in basic research than in applied research

C. Systematic Process that is used to answer questions

1. What is the statistical test for examining the significant difference between two means from two unrelated groups? t-test for dependent means MANOVA t-test for independent means factor analysis

C. T-test for independent means

1. When examining the significance of the relationship between two variables, what test should you use? t-test for dependent means t-test for independent means t-test for the correlation coefficient analysis of variance

C. T-test for the correlation coefficient

1. What is one disadvantage to using questionnaires? They save time. They are inexpensive. The completion rate is low. People may be more truthful.

C. The completion rate is low

What is a disadvantage of quota sampling? It is time-consuming and tedious There are no disadvantages. The degree of generalizability is questionable. It is expensive

C. The degree of generalizability is questionable

When selecting a dependent variable, you should consider all of the following EXCEPT_______? A. The measure has been used before B. The validity of the measure has been established C. The measure comes with testing forms D. Norms are available, when applicable

C. The measure comes with testing forms

1. What is the major limitation of the quasi-experimental design? its complexity its reliance on continuous independent variables the preassignment to groups overreliance on randomization

C. The preassignment to groups

Which of the following information should be provided in an informed consent form for any study involving human participants? A. The findings of the study B. The number of participants the study plans to use C. The procedures involved in the study D. The names of other participants

C. The procedures involved in the study

Which of the following is NOT an example of reliability? consistency performing the same in the future as in the past the test doing what it is supposed to do measuring the same thing more than once with the same outcome

C. The test doing what it is supposed to do

1. Which of the following statements regarding statistical significance is FALSE? The level of statistical significance and Type I error are the same thing. Statistical significance is the degree of risk you are willing to take that you will reject a null when it is actually true. When your results are found to be statistically significant, you can conclude that they will have a meaningful effect in the clinic. The researcher can determine the level of statistical significance

C. When your results are found to be statistically significant, you can conclude that they will have a meaningful effect in the clinic

1. Which of the following would be considered a poor questionnaire question? Do you ever cheat on exams? Do you often feel anxious about taking a test? Your boss says he will give you a raise, but you don't believe him, do you? How often do you use cigarettes?

C. Your boss says he will give you a raise, but you don't believe him, do you?

1. Which of the following statements regarding correlational research is false? Correlational research describes the linear relationship between two or more variables. Correlational research is a very effective means of establishing casual relationships. Correlational research is a type of descriptive research. Correlational research can help to "paint a broad picture" of the current state of some phenomenon

Correlational research is very effective means of establishing casual relationships

Which is NOT a component of informed consent? A. The purpose of the research B. Who you are C. How the participant can get a copy of the records D. A computer simulation of the data

D. A computer simulation of the data

There will be no relationship between children's time in day care and later academic achievement. This is an example of which of the following? A. a research hypothesis B. a factorial design C. a correlational hypothesis D. a null hypothesis

D. A null hypothesis

What does the ethical principle of "sharing benefits" mean? A. All participants in the same study should receive an equal share of the benefits or subject payments B. All those who belong to the population being studied will share equally from the benefits the study produces C. The results of studies must be shared with the public so society may benefit from the increased knowledge D. All groups involved in a study should eventually be given an opportunity to receive any treatments that were found to be effective in the stud

D. All groups involved in a study should eventually be given an opportunity to receive any treatments that were found to be effective in the study

Which of the following is a good way to find a research topic? A. Personal experience B. Getting an idea from your advisor C. Looking for the next step in the research process D. all of the above

D. All of the above

1. A Likert scale is the most popular type of scale for which type of test? projective personality achievement attitude

D. Attitude

High quality research has which of the following characteristics? A. difficult to replicate B. typically influenced by special interest groups C. is linear in nature D. based on the work of others

D. Based on the work of others

Forcing someone to participate in a study is an example of what ethical issue/concern? A. Protection from harm B. Maintenance of privacy C. Informed consent D. Coercion

D. Coercion

Who are the most commonly used population in research studies? A. Elementary school students B. Middle school students C. High school students D. College Students

D. College Students

1. All the behavior of a subject is recorded in _____________________. duration recording interval recording frequency recording continuous recording

D. Continuous Recording

1. Samantha wanted to investigate the relationship between the amount of time her students engaged in outside leisure reading and their participation in class discussions. Her study would study be classified as _________________. longitudinal historical cross-sectional correlational

D. Correlational

1. What type of test defines a specific level of performance (or mastery) of some content domain? standardized test researcher-made test norm-referenced test criterion-referenced test

D. Criterion-referenced test

Michael hands out a survey to find out the average age and schooling level of his class. What type of research is this? A. historical B. cause-and-effect C. quasi-experimental D. descriptive

D. Descriptive

1. Which is NOT one of the ten commandments of data collection? think of the type of data you will be collecting think about where you are getting the data make sure the data collection form is easy to use destroy original data when your study is finished

D. Destroy original data when your study is finished

1. Name a multiple-choice item that provides a plausible but wrong answer. attracter alternative detractor distracter

D. Distracter

Inter-rater reliability measures consistency _________________. over time from form to form across different tests from rater to rater

D. From rater to rater

Which of the following would be considered a continuous variable? the number answered correctly on a history test grade level in school gender length

D. Length

1. To compare findings from many different studies that use the same dependent variable, what technique is used? MANOVA factor analysis t-test meta-analysis

D. Meta-analysis

In a research proposal, an author is most likely to defend her choice of multiple regression statistical techniques in which section of a proposal? A. Introduction B. Literature Review C. Implications and Limitations D. Method

D. Method

In a research proposal, what should follow the literature review section? A. Appendices B. Literature Review C. Implications and limitations D. Method

D. Method

Which agency requires that all people conducting research on human subjects have training in research ethics? A. U.S. Congress B. U.S. Senate C. National Academy of Science D. National Institute of Health

D. National institute of Health

1. What are unstructured questions also known as? closed-ended questions difficult questions interview questions open-ended questions

D. Open-ended questions

1. If nonequivalent control group design had random selection and assignment, what type of design would it be? static group comparison one-group pretest posttest design one-shot case study design pretest posttest control group design

D. Pretest posttest control group design

Emily's school has implemented an early intervention program for at-risk students. In order to monitor its effectiveness on student performance, she would use which research method? A. historical B. descriptive C. longitudinal D. quasi-experimental

D. Quasi-experimental

Which variable would be considered to be measured at the ordinal level? religious affiliation SAT score temperature racing results

D. Racing results

What is the first step for preparing a successful research proposal? A. Designing an experiment B. Discussing possible outcomes C. Choosing the appropriate D. reviewing the literature

D. Reviewing the Literature

1. Which measure would be used to describe how far a test score is from the average test score? mean mode median standard deviation

D. Standard Deviation

1. To what does the term internal validity refer? the degree to which results of a study can be generalized from one sample to another the process of subject selection the development of a treatment the degree to which the results of a study can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable

D. The degree to which the results of a study can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable

What is the maximum length a title should be? A. 15 words B. 25 words C. 5 words D. There is no limit on title length

D. There is no limit on title length

1. How might case studies be superior to other methods of research? They capitalize on random selection of subjects. They provide good opportunity for generalization. They use powerful statistical procedures. They allow for very detailed examinations of data.

D. They allow for very detailed examinations of data

1. In which of the following instances are tests used as dependent variables? to assist in selection to a graduate program to help in placing a child into an appropriate program based on reading level to screen for a possible learning disability to determine the effectiveness of a specific type of instruction

D. To determine the effectiveness of a specific type of instruction

What are the two components of error scores? method error and consistent error standard error and method error trait error and standard error trait error and method error

D. Trait error and method error

1. If the two groups you are comparing are related to each other, what test should you use? factor analysis MANOVA t-test for independent means t-test for dependent means

D. t-test for dependent means

Which question is NOT used to judge a research study? A. Hypothesis: Can the hypothesis by tested? B. Review of Previous Research: Is the literature review recent? C. Method: Is it clear how the study was conducted? D. Outline: Did the researcher use an outline for the literature review?

Outline: Did the researcher use an outline for the literature review?