Research final

A survey technique that asks a jury of experts to respond to a series of questionnaires in order to reach a consensus about important issues is the Select one: a. normative survey method b. Delphi survey method c. roundtable survey method d. obtrusive survey method

Delphi survey method

What is the range for a correlation coefficient? Select one: a. -1 to 1 b. 0 to 100 c. -.01 to .10

-1 to 1

Consider a 3*3 Factorial ANOVA. How many dependent variables can be examined with this statistical test? Select one: a. 1 b. 6 c. 3 d. 2

1

For a predicted score of 30 and a standard error of estimate of 6, the chances are 95 out of 100 that the true score will be between Select one: a. 12 and 48 b. 30 and 36 c. 24 and 36 d. 18 and 42

18 and 42

Consider a 3*3 Factorial ANOVA. How many independent variables are being examined with this statistical test? Select one: a. 3 b. 2 c. 6 d. 1

2

For a group of normally distributed scores with a mean of 30 and a standard deviation of 6, the middle 68% of the scores will be between Select one: a. 18 and 42 b. 24 and 36 c. 30 and 36 d. 12 and 48

24 and 36

For a group of normally distributed scores with a mean of 30 and a standard deviation of 6, the middle 68% of the scores will be between Select one: a. 30 - 36 b. 24-36 c. 18-42 d. 12 and 48

24-36

What is the mode(s) for the following set of numbers? (5, 10, 4, 1, 4, 5, 12, 8, 9, 4 ) Select one: a. 4 and 5 b. 5.5 c. 4 d. 5

4

What is the median score for the following set of numbers? (3, 11, 8, 13, 5, 3, 6) Select one: a. 7 b. 6 c. 5 d. 8

6

I concluded a significant difference existed on gpa between men and women but, in the population, no differences exist. What type of statistical error did I make? Select one: a. Type I b. Type II

Type I

I set my alpha level at .05. choose the best interpretation. Select one: a. I will conclude that the null hypothesis is false if the probability of my sample findings is less than 5 in 100 (p < .05) b. I will conclude the null hypothesis is true if the probability of my sample findings is less than 5 in 100 (p < .05)

I will conclude that the null hypothesis is false if the probability of my sample findings is less than 5 in 100 (p < .05)

After a population of 1,000 high school seniors is divided by sex and size of school attended, the random selection of a sample to represent these proportions of the population is called Select one: a. Matched-pair sampling b. Stratified random sampling c. Cluster sampling d. Random selection

Stratified random sampling

Test-retest is a type of Select one: a. Correlational evidence b. Group difference evidence c. Validity evidence d. Reliability evidence

reliability evidence

A null hypothesis is Select one: a. a statistical hypothesis that there is a difference among the effects of treatments b. a statistical hypothesis that assumes that the participants in two treatment groups were unequal before treatment began c. nearly always the same as the research hypothesis d. a statistical hypothesis that assumes that there is no difference among the effects of treatments

a statistical hypothesis that assumes that there is no difference among the effects of treatments

Validity is determined by finding the correlation between scores on Select one: a. one form of a test and another form of that same test b. the even-numbered items and the odd-numbered items on a test c. two administrations of the same test d. a test and some independent criterion

a test and some independent criterion

This question pertains to the following study: "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept."The independent variable is Select one: a. age level b. three months c. adventure summer camp d. self-concept

adventure summer camp

A researcher sought to find out which of two exercises was more effective in building endurance. One group used exercise A, and another group used exercise B. At the end of study, the researcher should compare the two groups' scores by Select one: a. an independent t test b. multiple regression c. the Spearman rank-difference correlation d. a dependent t test

an independent t test

Choose the example that demonstrates a positive correlation. Select one: a. As power increases, sprint time in the 40-yard dash decreases b. As motor competence increases, physical activity level increases

as motor competence increases, physical activity level increases

Choose the example that demonstrates a negative correlation. Select one: a. As training hours increase, mile time decreases b. As leg power increases, vertical jump increases

as training hours increase, mile time decreases

The single score which best represents all the scores in a distribution is the definition of Select one: a. Central Tendency b. parametrics c. standard deviation d. variability

central tendency

When we say that research is empirical, we mean that the researcher Select one: a. solves the problems through rationalization b. controls all extraneous variables c. finds positive support for the research hypothesis d. collects data on which to base decisions

collects data on which to base decisions

Determining the relationship between students' attitudes toward drugs and the frequency of drug usage is an example of a(n) ________ study. Select one: a. experimental b. unobtrusive c. ex post facto d. correlational

correlational

In developmental studies, when one wants to determine what is typical at each age (rather than how individuals change), one would prefer the ________ method. Select one: a. normative b. longitudinal c. multiple baseline d. cross-sectional

cross-sectional

A researcher wishes to determine whether a treatment group made a significant improvement from the pretest (M = 25) to the posttest (M = 30). The correct statistical test to use to compare the two means is the Select one: a. independent t test b. dependent t test c. Spearman r d. Pearson r

dependent t test

A basic characteristic of correlational research is that it Select one: a. does not manipulate variables and hence cannot establish cause and effect b. manipulates variables and hence can establish cause and effect

does not manipulate variables and hence cannot establish cause and effect

Which type of research manipulates treatments and establishes a cause and effect is Select one: a. analytical research b. correlational research c. descriptive research d. experimental research

experimental research

The case study Select one: a. seeks to infer the results to a much larger population b. gathers data from a single person or from a limited number of similar people c. attempts to predict conditions that are likely to prevail in the future d. examines the content of written or printed materials to detect trends

gathers data from a single person or from a limited number of similar people

A correlation of .00 between two variables indicates Select one: a. independence (no association) between the variables b. a relationship of unknown degree c. a perfect negative relationship d. a perfect positive response

independence (no association) between the variables

A research hypothesis Select one: a. predicts the technique used to analyze the data b. depends on the statistical hypothesis c. is directly testable d. is nearly always the same as the null hypothesis

is directly testable

Scaled responses to questionnaire items such as strongly agree, agree, no opinion, and so on are referred to as ________ scale items. Select one: a. semantic differential b. Gulick c. Binet d. Likert-type

likert-type

The first step in conducting a questionnaire survey is to Select one: a. select the sample b. write the cover letter c. list specific objectives to be achieved d. construct the questionnaire items

list specific objectives to be achieved

A researcher wishes to study a group of children over a period of 10 years beginning in 1990 and ending in 1999. This is an example of a ________ study. Select one: a. cross-sectional b. case c. longitudinal d. correlational

longitudinal

In multiple regression, one is able to predict Select one: a. one criterion from two or more predictors b. one criterion from one predictor c. two or more criteria from two or more predictors d. two or more criteria from one predictor

one criterion from two or more predictors

Which of the following are most difficult to analyze in a questionnaire study? Select one: a. Likert-type items b. semantic differential items c. open-ended items d. yes/no items

open-ended items

Defining volleyball skill as a score on the AAHPERD Volleyball Test is a(n): Select one: a. constituted definition b. operational definition c. experimental definition d. dictionary definition

operational definition

If a thermometer measured the temperature in an oven as 400° five days in a row when the temperature was actually 337°, this measuring instrument would be considered Select one: a. unreliable and invalid b. valid but not reliable c. reliable but not valid d. reliable and valid

reliable but not valid

A researcher predicts that there will be a positive relationship between attitude scores and grade point average. This is an example of a Select one: a. null hypothesis b. research hypothesis c. basic assumption d. limitation

research hypothesis

When a national poll reports that its survey has a margin of error of 3%, it is referring to error due to Select one: a. recording the response b. sampling c. misinterpreting the results d. respondents not understanding questions

sampling

The standard deviation represents Select one: a. error in sampling from the population b. single score that best expresses the group's performance c. error in measurement d. spread of scores about the mean

spread of scores about the mean

At the end of a well-written introduction, the reader should be able to predict the Select one: a. statement of the problem (purpose of study) b. measurement tools to be used c. organization of the literature review d. statistical analysis

statement of the problem (purpose of study)

A researcher wishes to survey student opinions on a proposed increase in fees at her university. She decides to select a sample for telephone interviewing by selecting every 20th name in the student directory. What is this type of sampling called? Select one: a. Systematic b. Random c. Cluster d. Stratified

systematic

The t test is used to Select one: a. adjust for initial differences within the groups b. see if the tests are reliable c. test whether two groups differ significantly d. estimate the error of prediction

test whether two groups differ significantly

Compared to applied research, basic research; a. is of more immediate value to the practitioner b. usually offers more control, such as in a laboratory c. is done in the "real world," such as the classroom d. questions cannot be easily answered

usually offers more control, such as in a laboratory

Use of a one-tailed versus a two-tailed test of significance of the difference between two sample means depends on Select one: a. whether the participants were matched or chosen randomly b. whether there is expected overlap between the error curves of the two sample distributions c. whether the difference is expected to be in one direction only d. the size of the samples relative to population size

whether the difference is expected to be in one direction only

If ANOVA has found a significant difference among four treatment groups, a follow-up test such as the Scheffé is needed to determine Select one: a. whether the F ratio is significantly different from chance b. which of the groups differ significantly from the others c. the percentage of variance accounted for by the treatments

which of the groups differ significantly from the others