Research Methods - Ch. 8: Complex Research Designs: Factorial Designs

The following data represent the means for each treatment condition in a two-factor experiment. Note that one mean is not given. What value for the missing mean would result in no A ´ B interaction?

20

The following data show the means for four treatment conditions as well as the overall means for the columns and the rows. For these data, what numbers are compared to assess the main effect of factor A? A1 A2 B1 M = 20. M = 60. M = 40 B2. M = 30. M = 70. M = 50 M=25. M=65

25; 65

How many independent variables are there in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design?

3

In a 2 x 2 between-subjects factorial experiment, there are a total of ____ treatment conditions in the experiment, and each participant serves in ____ condition(s).

4;1

The following data represent the means for each treatment condition in a two-factor experiment. Note that one mean is not given. What value for the missing mean would result in no main effect for factor B?

50

What is the relationship between main effects and interactions? ____.

The existence of an interaction is independent of the main effects.

When the means for a two-factor study are displayed in a graph and the lines in the graph are perfectly parallel, what can you conclude about the main effects and interaction?

There is no interaction between factors.

A doctor suspects that the effectiveness of a new cholesterol medication depends on the age of the patient. If the doctor is correct, the results from a two-factor study comparing medication versus no-medication for young versus old patients should produce an interaction.

True

A two-factor study comparing task performance for males versus females (factor 1) for three different levels of task difficulty (factor 2) would be described as a 2 x 3 design.

True

In a factorial experimental design, independent variables are commonly called factors.

True

There are four levels of the second factor in a 3 x 4 x 4 factorial design.

True

In order to determine whether factors influence or interact with each other, a researcher must use ____.

a factorial design

The following data represent the means for each treatment condition in a two-factor experiment. What pattern of results is shown in the data? A1. A2 B1 M = 30 M = 20 B2 M = 40 M = 10

a main effect for factor A, no main effect for factor B, and an interaction

The following data represent the means for each treatment condition in a two-factor experiment. What pattern of results is shown in the data? A1. A2 B1. M = 20. M = 20 B2. M = 30. M = 50

main effects for both factors and an interaction

In a matrix representing the structure of a factorial design, the mean differences among the columns define ____.

the main effect for one factor

A two-factor study with two levels of factor A and three levels of factor B uses a separate group of n = 5 participants in each treatment condition. How many participants are needed for the entire study?

30

In a 2 x 3 between-subjects factorial experiment, there are ____ groups of participants.

6

The results from a two-factor ANOVA show no main effect for factor A but a significant interaction. What can you conclude based on this pattern of results?

Factor A may have an effect but, if so, it depends on the levels of factor B.

There are three treatment conditions in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design.

False

The following data represent the means for each treatment condition in a two-factor experiment. What pattern of results is shown in the data? A1. A2 B1. M = 20. M = 40 B2. M = 20 M = 40

a main effect for factor A, no main effect for factor B, and no interaction

A graph of a two-factor study indicates an interaction when the lines on the graph ____.

cross or converge

In an experiment examining the effects of task difficulty (easy/hard) for men and women, the factors are ____.

difficulty and gender

The advantage of a two-factor design compared to two single-factor designs is the ability to ____.

evaluate the interaction

A researcher who is examining the effects of temperature and humidity on the eating behavior of rats uses a factorial experiment comparing three different temperatures (70˚, 80˚, and 90˚) and two humidity conditions (low and high). The experiment has ____ level(s) for the temperature factor and a total of ____ treatment conditions.

three; six

A researcher who is examining the effects of temperature and humidity on the eating behavior of rats uses a factorial experiment comparing three different temperatures (70˚, 80˚, and 90˚) and two humidity conditions (low and high). How many factors are in the experiment?

two