Research Test 3
Credibility is a term to describe the degree to which an ethnography
"rings true" to participants
Given the following set of scores, what is the mean? 10, 17, 20, 17, 18, 15, 16, 18, 17
16.44
Given the following set of scores, what is the mode? 10, 17, 20, 17, 18, 15, 16, 18, 17
17
How can you distinguish between a test of association and a test of difference?
A test of association is used when the independent and dependent variables are measured at the interval or ratio level, while a test of difference is used when the independent variables are measured at the nominal level and the dependent variables are measured at the interval or ratio levels.
Which of the following is an example of a social text that could be studied by qualitative researchers?
All of the above
Which of the following describes the document that records the names of variables, the attributes of variables, and the location of variables in a data set?
Codebook
"How is joking different from teasing?" This question is an example of a
Contrast Question
"Could you give me an example of a recent joking encounter you had with one of your friends?" This question is an example of a:
Descriptive Question
Qualitative interviewing, while largely unstructured, takes on a particular form. In what order do the qualitative questions usually occur?
Descriptive, Structural, Contrast
Researchers conducting qualitative research usually follow the same set of research questions throughout their research project.
F
The first process in qualitative data analysis is unitizing
F
Triangulation is a method used to locate deviant cases that question the tentative conclusions that the researcher has forwarded.
F
Which of the following symbols is used to represent the statistic determined in ANOVA?
F
Which of the following best describes the process of data cleaning?
Finding and eliminating data entry errors in your data file.
Which of the following research hypotheses affords greater statistical power
Increased exposure to violent cartoons is associated with increased tolerance for aggressive behavior on the playground.
Consider the following hypothesis: H: Older adults will use more painful self-disclosures than younger adults.
Independent-samples t-test
Which of the following is an advantage of focus group research?
It is a flexible.
Which of the following features is a unique characteristic of the focus interview?
It is held with a group of people, rather than an individual.
What is one of the key defining characteristics of qualitative interviewing as a speech event?
It looks like a casual conversation
Which of the following represents a positively skewed distribution curve?
PICTURE: Hump to the left
Which of the following represents a negatively skewed distribution curve?
PICTURE: Hump to the right
Why is it important to check your data to see if it is normally distributed?
Parametric statistics assume that the data approximates a normal curve.
Which of the following principles of transcriptions describes the need for the categories of transcription to be clearly and systematically discriminable?
Principles of category design
Which of the following characterize the rapport building process in qualitative interviews?
Rapport is a relational event jointly enacted by the interviewer and the informant.
What shortcoming of the data reduction of measures of central tendencies is compensated for by measures of dispersions?
Readers do not have a sense of the spread of the values in the original data set.
"Ranking, teasing, and razzing are all about poking fun at someone. Are there any other types of interactions that are like these?" This question is an example of a
Structural Question
Constant comparison method is a type of analytic coding.
T
If I examine the conditions that give rise to gossip in an organization, I am performing axial coding.
T
It is typically for a qualitative researcher to collect additional data to more clearly represent conceptual codes.
T
Open coding involves the use of the constant comparative method.
T
Which of the following traditions in communication criticism would enable the researcher to forward the claim that "the film Thelma and Louise played an important role in constructing a reality in which women are not dependent upon men"?
The cultural tradition
Who gives informed consent on behalf of the community to be studied?
The gatekeeper gives informed consent.
Which of the following characterizes the transcription process?
The level of detail constructed in a transcription depends on the interest of the researcher
Which of the following statements best describes what it means when a researcher asserts that the level of significance is at the .05 level?
The measured associations of no greater than 5 out of 100 cases are due to sampling error.
Given the nature of the following set of scores, what measure of central tendency should be reported? 10, 17, 20, 17, 28, 15, 18, 17
The median
What is the similarity between the complete participant and the complete observer roles?
The participants are unaware they are being observed
Which of the following is NOT a guideline of asking questions in a qualitative interview.
The researcher should follow the specifications of her interview protocol exactly.
Which of the following traditions in communication criticism would underlie the study of the persuasive strategies used by Presidents in the U.S. when calling for military action in a foreign country.
The rhetorical tradition
What does it mean if a z-score for a given participant is 1.5?
The score for this participant is 1.5 standard deviations above the sample's mean
Which of the following traditions in communication criticism would underlie the argument that the success of the film Saving Private Ryan rests on the texts ability to create identification with the audience?
The social tradition
When does a Type II error occur?
When the researcher accepts the null hypothesis, when the null hypothesis should be rejected.
When does a Type I error occur?
When the researcher rejects the null hypothesis, when the null hypothesis should be accepted.
Refer to the Data Set. Does this data set approximate a normal curve?
Yes
When interviewing, a question that asks someone to describe a typical day is an example of
a descriptive question
When a researcher reports the number of cases for each reported value in a data set, what type of descriptive statistic is she reporting?
a frequency distribution
The process of analytic coding can be best described as
all of the above
What is the function of the tee-up phase of the qualitative interview?
all of the above
Ethnographic conversations are characterized by all of the following except:
all of the above are characteristics
What are some strategies for demonstrating prolonged engagement in the field?
all of the above are strategies for demonstrated prolonged engagement.
When the critic dissects the dimensions magazine covers including a description of the use of colors, the language themes, and composition of the images and texts, she is doing what?
analysis
Consider the following hypothesis: H: People in marital relationships will differ with regard to their types of talk than people in dating relationships.
chi-square for contingency tables
Which of the following statistical tests is used when frequencies of nominal level variables of multiple samples are to be compared?
chi-square for contingency tables
Which of the following participation observation roles holds the most threat of the researcher over-identifying with the participants?
complete participant
Which of the following criteria for the trustworthiness of qualitative research is assessed by examining the link between the data and the sources?
confirmability
Which of the following displays subgroup comparisons?
contingency tables
Consider the following hypothesis: H: There is a positive relationship between duration of eye contact and speaker credibility in public speaking contexts.
correlation
Which of the following is a statistic of association?
correlation
What process is necessary for finding and eliminating data entry errors?
data cleaning
Which of the following statements best describes the processes of analytic coding?
deriving categories of meaning from textual data
What tradition did conversation analysis emerge from?
ethnomethodology
A critic makes the claim that MLK Jr. uses the phrase "If I had sneezed" in his speech to the Memphis sanitation workers to illustrate the movement from his individual leadership to a vision of the civil rights community as a whole. What part of communication criticism is highlighted in that claim?
interpretation
Which of the following levels of measurement enable you to report all of the measures of central tendency and all of the measures of dispersion?
interval level
Which of the following is a term used to refer to the "peak" of a curve?
kurtosis
Which of the following best describes the iterative process of ethnographic inquiry?
observe, interpret, member checks, re-interpret, observe again...
Which of the following statistical tests is used when comparing pretest and posttest scores of the treatment group in an experimental design?
paired samples t-test
What type of participation observation role did Connie Kubo Della-Piana adopt in her study of a student-centered community service organization?
participant-as-observer
Which of the following symbols is used to represent the correlation coefficient in a Pearson Product-Moment Correlation?
r
Which of the following techniques enables the researcher to track the research process, including the recording of thoughts, experiences, and feelings?
reflexive journal
When a critic chooses excerpts from a film, speech, song, etc., they are doing what?
textualization
Which measure of central tendency is the mathematical average of a set of values?
the mean
Which measure of central tendency represents the "middle value"?
the median
What measure of central tendency should you use when your data is measured at the nominal level?
the mode
Which measure of central tendency is the most frequently reported value in a data set?
the mode
Which criterion is based upon the "thick descriptions" found in the ethnographic report and its resultant relevance to other researchers?
transferability
When an ethnographer maintains relationships with several informants to ensure that her interpretations "ring true" for different individuals, she is doing what?
triangulation
Refer to the Lindsley Excerpt. What type of interview protocol was she using for these interviews?
unstructured interview
Which of the following interview protocols is used in the ethnographic conversation?
unstructured interview
How does an ethnographer know when he or she can leave the field?
when saturation has been achieved
