Respiratory quiz
Which of the following enzymes in an RBC breaks H2CO3 down to water and carbon dioxide?
Carbonic anhydrase
which of the following is a lung disease marked by a reduced number of cilia, reduced motility of the remaining cilia, goblet cell hypertrophy and hypersecretion, and thick sputum?
Chronic bronchitis
The upper respiratory tract extends from the nose through the _________.
Larynx
Each alveolus is surrounded by a web of blood capillaries supplied by the _________.
Pulmonary artery
Conditions around metabolically active tissues do what to the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?
Shift it right
Gas transport is the process of carrying gases from the alveoli to the systemic tissues and vice versa.
T
Which center bears the primary responsibility for generating the respiratory rhythm, but is influenced by several other centers?
VRG
The respiratory system contains a total of five __________.
lobes
The vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves carry afferent signals from peripheral chemoreceptors to a chemosensitive area in the ___________.
medulla oblongata
Metabolically active tissues have which of the following sets of conditions that shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?
↓ PO2, ↑ PCO2, ↑ temperature, ↑ BPG
In one passage through a bed of systemic blood capillaries, the blood gives up about what percentage of its oxygen?
20% to 25%
The anatomical dead space is greatest in which of the following situations?
After swerving to narrowly avoid an accident while driving
How is alveolar air different than inspired air?
Alveolar air has a higher water vapor content than inspired air.
Upon inspiration, what is the name of the air in the conducting zone that is not available for gas exchange?
Anatomical dead space
During exercise, which of the following directly increases respiratory rate?
Anticipation of needs of exercising muscle
In a healthy person, which of the following will have the greatest influence on resistance to pulmonary airflow?
Bronchiole diameter
What are the most numerous cells in the lungs?
Dust cells
After the terminal bronchi air enters the alveoli next.
F
The maximum amount of air the lungs can contain is known as inspiratory capacity.
F
The rate of oxygen diffusion is affected by the pressure gradient of carbon dioxide.
F
Which of the following does not contain ciliated cells?
Laryngopharynx
The addition of CO2 to the blood generates __________ ions in the RBCs, which in turn stimulates RBCs to unload more oxygen.
Hydrogen
Hypocapnia will lead to which of the following conditions?
Hypoventilation due to alkalosis
Which of the following is the term for a deficiency of oxygen or the inability to utilize oxygen in a tissue?
Hypoxia
The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort is the __________.
Inspiratory reserve volume
If one inspires through their nose, which of the following answers has the correct order of structures the air would move through?
Nares → Vestibule → Nasal Cavity → Nasopharynx → Oropharynx → Laryngopharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Primary Bronchus → Secondary Bronchus → Tertiary Bronchus → Bronchiole → Terminal Bronchiole → Respiratory Bronchiole → Alveolar Duct → Alveolar Sac → Alveolus
Scuba divers breathe a nitrogen-oxygen mixture rather than pure compressed oxygen in order to avoid what condition?
Oxygen toxicity
Which of the following would slow down gas exchange between the blood and alveolar air?
an increase in membrane thickness