Revel Chapter 4, Chapter 3 Revel, Chapter 2 Revel

__________ is considered to be the basis of culture.

Language

As Marial enters adolescence her __________will likely dominate her life, influencing what music she listens to and how she dresses

Peer group

Other than parents, which of the following has the most powerful impact on learning gender?

Peer groups

Which of the following consists solely of total institutions?

Prison, monastery, Boot Camp

Ella is currently in an age group that is a social invention, even though many people view it as a natural age division. She is in her_____

Adolescence

Mark took a job as a summer intern at a daycamp to determine if he really wanted a career working with children. This is an example of which of the following?

Anticipatory socialization

Which of the following is an example of an element of the looking-glass self?

Bernadette thinks that everyone finds her charming and witty

Sociologists would agree with which of the following statements?

By belonging to a group, we assume an obligation to affirm the group's values, interests, and norms.

To get rid of gender bias, some parents give their children gender-neutral toys. Why is this ineffective?

Children know and want the toys that other kids have

How did industrialization affect childhood?

Children were viewed as needing more tender care and affection

Which of the following is an example of a total institution?

Convent

Different cultures around the world have customs that may seem strange to foreigners but natural to those who are part of that culture. How would you best describe this phenomenon?

Culture colors our perception of reality and is a fundamental basis for our decision making.

Leticia is a sociologist. She is most likely to agree with which of the following statements?

Each of us is actively involved in the construction of the self.

Why do sociologists often use the term "symbolic culture" to refer to nonmaterial culture?

Elements of nonmaterial culture, such as language and gestures, are also known as symbols.

__________ is the study of how people use commonsense understandings to make sense of life.

Ethnomethodology

Humans show anger in many ways, but only________ Are the same throughout the world

Facial expressions

Which of the following statements describes German people's reactions to Walmart's policy that their employees smile at customers?

German customers were offended.

As society has changed so that people are less personally connected and more reliant on formal, impersonal social institutions, we have moved toward __________.

Gesellschaft

The combination of how we react to other people's perception of us and our own choices creates which of the following?

Individuality

What is one advantage of having a higher social class that is seen through the combination of macrosociology and microsociology?

Individuals with higher social status can manipulate their good reputations to get away with socially unacceptable behaviors.

Which of the following resulted in the delay of adulthood and a redefinition of childhood?

Industrialization

Residence of total institutions experience

Involuntary resocialization

Who identified the stages that children go through as they learn to reason?

Jean Piaget

What is a common problem during the early middle years?

Job loss

Which of the following is essential to the development of human characteristics and culture?

Language

Jon and Mary have just entered their 50s. They have good jobs and finally have both the time and money for vacations. What stage of life are they in?

Later middle years

Which of the following sociologically explains why Amish female grocery clerks in Indiana refused to make eye contact with male customers?

Men in the United States interpreted their behavior in a way the women did not intend.

How are we first introduced to gender socialization?

Parents

Bobby wants to play a video game, however, he is not allowed to play after 7 PM and it is now 7:30 PM. If he plays the game and gets caught, his mother will take away all of his games. He decides to follow the rule because he does not want to lose all of his games. According to Lawrence Colberg, Bobby is in the_______ stage.

Preconventional

How does religion play a powerful role throughout the US society?

Religious ideas from the basis of morality in the United States

A newly widowed woman has to learn the norms that accompany her new situation. What is this an example of?

Resocialization

Who developed the technique for treating emotional problems through exploration of the subconscious ?

Sigmund Freud

Giving privileges and obligations to one group of people while denying them to another

Social inequality

According to studies, how do the gender roles learned by the children of homosexual couples differ from those learned by heterosexual couples?

Studies regarding gender roles have had conflicting results and are not conclusive

Many aspects of human development appear to be universal. Which of the following is one of these universal principles?

Taking on the role of others to become cooperative members of the group

What is the ID?

The drive for self-satisfaction and immediate fulfillment of needs

How do video games reinforce the message of male dominance?

The majority of the main characters are male

Why do blue-collar families, in general, emphasize obedience in their children?

The parents hold jobs where they are expected to follow orders and they expect their children to one day hold similar jobs.

According to Freud, What happens when a persons super ego gets out of control?

The person becomes overly rigid in conforming to society's rules

What is the definition of resocialization?

The process of learning new norms and behavior to match a new position in life

Which of the following statements above the self is true?

The self is constantly changing and dynamic

Which of the following statements about children who spend more time in daycare is accurate?

They are less affectionate toward their mothers

What effect does lack of early close relations with other humans have on a child?

They do not adjust well socially

Although intelligent, powerful female characters now appear in movies, TV shows, and video games, they usually are pictured as thin, beautiful, and sexually dressed. Why is the message this sends problematic?

They represent an ideal that is virtually unattainable

Total institutions conduct degradation ceremonies for new inductees because______

They try to strip away their current identity to stamp on a new one

What is a manifest function of school?

To teach knowledge and skills

In the west, what are the two new stages being added to the life course?

Transitional adulthood and transitional older years

Jenny is 65 years old, retired, in good health, and likes to travel the world. Which life stage best describes her? A. later middle years B. early middle years C. late older years D. transitional older years

Transitional older years

According to Melvin Kohn, Which of the following free-time scenarios would be more likely to occur in a blue-collar, working class family? (related to kids)

Unstructured free play

In this way, resocialization at a workplace differs from resocialization in prison: resocialization at work is usually_______ and in prison it is usually_______.

Voluntary, involuntary

College football is a good example of social structure because ___________.

a position in football is like a person's social status

__________ is an example of status inconsistency.

a senior citizen attending college

The status inherited by a baby born into a royal family is considered a(n) __________.

ascribed status

When a faculty member's students were washing dollar bills at a laundomat, they were testing people's __________.

background assumptions

According to Paul Ekman's six basic emotions, facial expressions are determined by

biology

Jose is trained to apply SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM. He focuses on________ to identify suspected terrorists who are attempting to board airplanes.

body language

Microsociology focuses on social interaction while macrosociology focuses on __________.

broad features of society

Some status symbols are used to __________.

communicate group membership to others

Suzanne does not agree with some aspects of other cultures, but she is learning to accept this idea: Although cultures are different, different does not make them wrong. Suzanne is practicing __________.

cultural relativism

Traveling to a foreign country may cause __________ due to cultural differences.

culture shock

Ethnocentrism can create in-group loyalties, but it also can cause what negative result?

discrimination

In the developed town of Midtern, some people mine gold, others turn it into jewelry, and still others sell it. This __________ disperses people into different interest groups where they develop different ideas about life.

division of labor

Socorro, a research assistant at the university, uses __________ to explore background assumptions that underlie human behavior.

ethnomethodology

While gestures vary greatly around the world, many, such as __________, suggest that some gestures may be universal.

expressions of anger, fear, and pouting

Marly has Asperger's syndrome. Symbolic interactionists would be particularly concerned about her ability to interpret __________.

facial expressions and gestures

Image consultants are career coaches who assist individuals with their __________.

impression management

What term is used to describe the idea that people try to control what others think about them?

impression management

The social construction of reality is based on __________.

interactions with others

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that __________.

language influences what we see and experience.

A sociologist analyzing the interactions among individuals during their everyday lives is using what level of analysis?

microsociology

As societies increase in size, they __________.

move from mechanical solidarity to organic solidarity

A group's beliefs, values, and patterns of behavior are known as its __________.

nonmaterial culture

Ricardo was taught to always say "please" and "thank you" when asking for or receiving something from another person. What is this an example of?

norm

According to dramaturgy, when you are alone, you are __________.

on a back stage

Bernard is a sociologist focusing on macrosociology. What is he most likely to analyze?

parolees and where they fall within the U.S. social class system

Organic solidarity places greater importance on __________ than does mechanical solidarity.

performing similar tasks

By examining only the macrosociology of a group, __________ would be missed from the analysis, providing an incomplete picture of social life.

personal interactions

North Americans tend to expect more __________ than South Americans during face-to-face conversations.

personal space

The ________ stage of morality is mostly a Western concept

postconventional

Which of the following is a functional requisite of each society?

preserving order

According to the functionalist perspective, which of the following is a functional requisite that a society must meet in order to survive?

producing and distributing goods and services

Which of the following is an example of a value that is transmitted through the social institution of the economy?

producing efficiently

Even if two groups of teenagers engage in similar delinquent behaviors, their __________ will greatly affect their futures.

reputations

Occasionally, what is expected of us in one status (our role) is incompatible with what is expected of us in another status. This problem is known as __________.

role conflict

__________ are the behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status.

roles

In order to remain in a group, people must do what?

show that they agree to share the group's values and interests

To communicate information about the self, we use three types of __________: the social setting, our appearance, and our manner.

sign-vehicles

__________ divides people according to income, education, and occupation.

social class

Conflict theorists believe the primary purpose of __________ is to preserve the social order.

social institutions

Macrosociology focuses on broad features of society while microsociology focuses on __________.

social interaction

Regardless of our feelings at any particular moment, social __________ guides our actions and behaviors.

social structure

Whispering while in a library is an example of __________ influencing your behavior.

social structure

Sociologists use the term __________ to refer to all the statuses or positions that you occupy.

status set

A wedding ring or a uniform is an example of a __________.

status symbol

Assumptions about a person based on their physical characteristics are usually a product of __________.

stereotypes

When Sam is at a family gathering, he always laughs at his father's jokes, even when they aren't funny. This is an example of __________.

teamwork

Sarah has never seen germs, but she is concerned about them. She will not eat any food that has fallen on the floor, even in her mother's home, which is spotless. Which of the following best explains this situation?

the Thomas theorem

The author of your text writes that it is not the reality of a thing that impresses itself on us, but society that impresses the reality of that thing on us. This perspective is known as __________.

the definition of the situation (also known as the Thomas theorem)

In a situation involving a self-fulfilling stereotype, we would expect which of the following?

the stereotype to produce behaviors that match the stereotype

Without analyzing social life from a microsociological perspective, it will be difficult to do which of the following?

understand a person's everyday life