Review for Biology Quiz of Test #2

Protein that makes up the thin myofilament

Actin

This part of the peripheral nervous system regulates involuntary body functions, heart rate, and breathing rate

Autonomic nervous system

Synapse in which neurotransmittes allow sodium to enter the posynaptic cell

Excitatory synapse

The ___ joints have no joint cavity and usually do not permit movement. Sutures between skull bones are this kind of joint.

Fibrous

Membranous areas in the infant skull that join bones and function to allow for rapid growth of the brain are known as.....

Fontanels

Fred has been diagnosed with a disease that causes him to forget that his relatives have been to see him. What parts of his brain are likely affected, given this information?

Hippocampus and amygdala

Synapse in which neurotransmitters decrease the chance of an action potential on the postsynaptic cell.

Inhibitory synapse

Membrane proteins that allow specific charged molecules to pass through from one side of the membrane to the other.

Ion channels

This is a group of brain structures that helps us to experience feelings such as joy, fear, and anger.

Limbic system

Vertebrae in the lower back region just above the sacral region.

Lumbar

Mina had a throat infection; in a few days it had spread to her ear. What part of her ear would be affected first?

Middle Ear

Which of these diseases involves the destruction of the myelin sheath on certain neurons within the brain and spinal cord?

Multiple Sclerosis

Protein that makes up the thick myofilament

Myosin

If light strikes a photopigment, the photoreceptor cell will decrease the amount of _____ it is releasing.

Neurotransmitter (s)

Calcitonin stimulates the activity of these bone cells.

Osteoblasts

Bone cells that break down bone tissue.

Osteoclasts

This portion of the central nervous system governs bodily activities during restful conditions.

Parasympathetic nervous system

The _____ ______ _____ of the cerebral cortex sends messages to the skeletal muscles in order to control voluntary movement.

Primary Motor Area

A circuit of neurons that helps in the automatic response to a stimulus is a _____ _____

Reflex Arc

Which of the following is NOT a function of muscle?

Regulating calcium in the blood

You are generally not aware of the texture of the cloth of your shirt as it rests on your shoulders, unless someone or something happens to make you think of it. What part of the brain is responsible for filtering out such stimuli?

Reticular Activating Center

Produced from the fusion of five vertebrae and allows an individual to sit.

Sacrum

This portion of the vestibular apparatus is responsible for dynamic equilibrium....

Semicircular canals

This part of the peripheral nervous system carries sensory information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the central nervous system and may also direct voluntary movements.

Somatic nervous system

A loud, unexpected noise will cause his part of the autonomic nervous system o become active.

Sympathetic nervous system

The junction between a neuron and another cell.

Synapse

Part of the neuron where neurotransmitters are released.

Synaptic knobs

Which of these structures is part of a muscle cell's plasma membrane that delivers signals to the sarcomere?

T-tubules

Bones that form on either side of the cranium and are thought of as the temples

Temporal

Delivers the signals from the motor neuron to every sarcomere of the muscle cell

Transverse tubules

Covers the myosin binding sites on actin.

Tropomyosin

Calcium binds to this protein to initiate a contraction.

Troponin

Motor neurons that carry information away from the brain or spinal cord are known as ____ neurons.

efferent

During an action potential, the _____ ions rush into the axon.

sodium

____ is a sustained powerful contraction of a muscle that results from frequent stimulation with not time between stimuli for relaxation.

tetanus

The ____ _____ is a sheet of tissue that separates the outer ear from the middle ear.

tympanic membrane

A jelly-like fluid that prevents the eye from collapsing and holds the retina against the wall of the eye is called the ____ ____.

vitreous humor