Review Questions for Chapter 17: Methods of Persuasion

What are the main two factors of credibility?

Competence—how an audience regards a speaker's intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of the subject. Character—how an audience regards a speaker's sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience.

Identify the three types of credibility

Initial credibility—the credibility of the speaker before she or he starts to speak. Derived credibility—the credibility of the speaker produced by everything she or he says and does during the speech itself. Terminal credibility—the credibility of the speaker at the end of the speech."

Difference between "reasoning from specific instances" and "reasoning from principle"

Reasoning from specific instances involve processing from a number of particular facts to a general conclusion. Reasoning from principle involves moving from a general principle to a specific conclusion.

What is "analogical reasoning?"

Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second

Three ways to generate an emotional appeal

Use Emotional Language Develop Vivid Examples Speak with Sincerity and Conviction

"Evidence" consists of what three types of supporting materials?

examples, data, and testimony

Be prepared to recognize the following types of fallacies: Hasty Generalization, Bandwagon, Red Herring, Ad Hominem, Either-Or

hasty generalization: A fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence. bandwagon: A fallacy which assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable. red herring: A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion. ad hominem: A fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute either-or: A fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist.

Tips for Using Evidence

use specific evidence use novel evidence use evidence from credible sources make clear the point of your evidence