Revised Chapter 15 Psych Study Guide

Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction? A. Jerome C. Wakefield B. John Waller C. Stanley Rachman D. Thomas Szasz

A. Jerome C. Wakefield

Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing a social anxiety disorder? A. behavioral inhibition B. biological predisposition C. displaying a specific phobia D. exhibiting stress

A. behavioral inhibition

Which of the following is false of dissociative disorders? A. People with these disorders become disconnected from their sense of self. B. People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture. C. People with these disorders experience memory and identity disturbances. D. These disorders do not have a physical cause.

B. People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder? A. Phoebe feels helpless when she is alone, and she can't make decisions on her own. B. Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention. C. Phoebe is impulsive, unpredictable, and sometimes engages in self-mutilation. D. Phoebe often displays an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance.

B. Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.

What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives? A. absentee B. invisible C. negative D. positive

C. negative

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder. A. antisocial personality B. mood C. posttraumatic stress D. schizotypal personality

C. posttraumatic stress

________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year. A. bipolar disorder B. mood disorder C. persistent depressive disorder D. seasonal pattern

D. seasonal pattern

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of schizotypal personality disorder? A. Stella is devoted to her work and works so much that she has no time for friends or family. B. Stella laughed when her dog died and cried while watching a funny movie. C. Stella often lies, fights, and gets into trouble with police. D. When Stella's father asked how her day was, she interpreted it as a threat.

B. Stella laughed when her dog died and cried while watching a funny movie.

Which of the following is not a reason that ADHD may be overdiagnosed? A. Doctors are too quick to medicate children as a behavior treatment. B. The amount of ADHD in the population has increased tenfold since it was first identified. C. There is greater awareness of ADHD now than in the past. D. What might seem like inattention to some parents and teachers could simply reflect exposure to too much technology.

B. The amount of ADHD in the population has increased tenfold since it was first identified.

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________. A. Asperger's syndrome B. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder C. autism spectrum disorder D. schizoid personality disorder

B. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "A person diagnosed with a specific anxiety experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear about a particular object or situation." A. change the word "anxiety" to the word "phobia" B. change the word "fear" to the word "terror" C. change the word "specific" to the word "generalized" D. change the word "specific" to the word "simple"

A. change the word "anxiety" to the word "phobia"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The psychological perspective views disorders as linked to biological phenomena, such as genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities." A. change the word "psychological" to the word "biological" B. change the word "abnormalities" to the word "anomalies" C. change the word "disorders" to the word "pathologies" D. change the word "perspective" to the word "theory"

A. change the word "psychological" to the word "biological"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "For centuries, psychological disorders were viewed from a natural perspective: attributed to a force beyond scientific understanding." A. change the word "beyond" to the word "within" B. change the word "natural" to the word "supernatural" C. change the word "psychological" to the word "psychopathological" D. change the word "scientific" to the word "spiritual"

B. change the word "natural" to the word "supernatural"

What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example? So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away. A. catatonic behavior B. disorganized thinking C. hallucinations D. paranoid delusions

B. disorganized thinking

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________. A. free-floating anxiety disorder B. generalized anxiety disorder C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. persistent depressive disorder

B. generalized anxiety disorder

Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder? A. instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood B. lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds C. overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance D. pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks

B. lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. A. anxiety B. obsessive-compulsive C. personality D. phobia

B. obsessive-compulsive

Identify the compulsion in the following example. Demarco can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size. A. having hundreds of first editions in his book collection B. organizing the books C. thinking about the books all the time D. thinking about the order of the books all the time

B. organizing the books

Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. He cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jerry's personality? A. avoidant personality disorder B. borderline personality disorder C. dependent personality disorder D. narcissistic personality disorder

C. dependent personality disorder

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________. A. body dysmorphia B. flight of ideas C. mania D. rapid cycling

C. mania

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality? A. borderline personality disorder B. histrionic personality disorder C. narcissistic personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder

C. narcissistic personality disorder

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality? A. histrionic personality disorder B. narcissistic personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. schizoid personality disorder

C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________. A. experiences flashbacks interspersed with depression B. never thinks about the risk that a major depressive episode will follow a manic episode C. often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania D. once started a day euphoric and ended the day tired

C. often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD? A. anterior cortex B. cingulate cortex C. orbitofrontal cortex D. prefrontal cortex

C. orbitofrontal cortex

Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide? A. alcohol dependence B. history of previous suicide attempts C. popular music that promotes suicide D. substance abuse

C. popular music that promotes suicide

________are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself. A. obsessions B. ruminations C. safety behaviors D. therapies

C. safety behaviors

________ involves thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt. A. flight of ideas B. rumination C. suicidal ideation D. suicide

C. suicidal ideation

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America? A. Desperate Social and Mental Disorders B. Determinants of Social Mental Disorders C. Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Which of the following is an example of flight of ideas? A. Gilbert attempts suicide, then calls 9-1-1. B. Gilbert exhibits an abundance of energy during his debate session. C. Gilbert speaks in a monotone voice. D. Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly.

D. Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly.

Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is incorrect? A. Exposure to environmental pollutants such as mercury has been linked to the development of this disorder. B. Genetic factors appear to play a prominent role in the development of this disorder. C. It is characterized by a pervasive pattern of inattention and/or hyperactive and impulsive behavior. D. This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.

D. This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.

Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder. A. mood B. obsessive-compulsive C. personality D. psychotic

D. psychotic

. Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails. What kind of delusion is this? A. disorganized B. grandiose C. paranoid D. somatic

D. somatic

Which of the following statements is true about obsessive-compulsive disorder? A. It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors. B. It involves persistent, unfocused anxiety. C. It is most often diagnosed during adolescence. D. Men are more often diagnosed than women.

A. It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors.

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model? A. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died. B. Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills. C. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression. D. Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis.

A. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Acrophobia is characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack." A. change the word "acrophobia" to the word "agoraphobia" B. change the word "acrophobia" to the word "arachnophobia" C. change the word "escape" to the word "survive" D. change the word "panic" to the word "heart"

A. change the word "acrophobia" to the word "agoraphobia"

What is comorbidity? A. co-occurrence of two disorders B. having two causes for a single disorder C. having two causes of death D. mental disorder leading to death

A. co-occurrence of two disorders

Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands." A. concern over germs B. germs C. spending hours washing her hands D. spending hours wiping the surfaces of her home

A. concern over germs

A psychological disorder is a ________. A. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors B. condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors C. manifestation of a psychopathology D. situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings

A. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events. A. diathesis-stress B. supernatural C. Szasz D. Venn

A. diathesis-stress

Which of the following factors does not strongly predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder? A. experiencing trauma in isolation B. greater trauma severity C. lack of immediate social support D. trauma experience

A. experiencing trauma in isolation

Which of the following is not an example of suicidal ideation? A. fearing you will die B. making a suicide attempt C. spending an unusual amount of time talking about death D. writing suicide letters

A. fearing you will die

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The stress model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress." A. insert the word "diathesis-" before the first appearance of the word "stress" B. change the first appearance of the word "stress" with the word "trauma" C. change the second appearance of the word "disorder" with the word "diathesis" D. change the word "predisposition" to the word "susceptibility"

A. insert the word "diathesis-" before the first appearance of the word "stress"

Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder. A. anxiety B. dissociative identity C. personality D. schizophrenia

B. dissociative identity

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________? A. asymptomatic B. episodic C. limited in duration to a few weeks D. reoccurring every few months

B. episodic

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders? A. above average number of phobias B. excessive, persistent fear and anxiety C. inability to control the body's reaction to fear D. sporadic, intense panic attacks

B. excessive, persistent fear and anxiety

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why? A. Apollonia also suffers from social anxiety disorder. B. Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people. C. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis. D. People who grow up with a depressed parent become depressed themselves.

C. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality? A. antisocial personality disorder B. avoidant personality disorder C. borderline personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder

C. borderline personality disorder

Which of the following is an example of avolition? A. inability to enjoy fine dining B. lack of interest in going out with your friend C. lack of motivation to bathe yourself D. refusing to speak

C. lack of motivation to bathe yourself

________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person. A. grandiose B. hallucination C. paranoid D. somatic

C. paranoid

Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________. A. mood disorder B. obsessive-compulsive disorder C. phobia D. psychosis

C. phobia

Which of the following is a good example of a flashback? A. Eugene was bitten by a snake. Now when he sees a snake, he is careful to move away slowly and silently. B. Eugene was in a boating accident. Now he experiences intense fear of large bodies of water and avoids boats. C. Eugene was in a car accident. He is convinced that if he starts, stops, and restarts the engine five times in a row he will avoid having a car accident. D. Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again.

D. Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again.

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder? A. Rafe believes he is entitled to special treatment from those around him. B. Rafe believes that his dreams are prophetic. C. Rafe is convinced his life has meaning beyond himself. D. Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.

D. Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.

Who argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms? A. Isla Fischer B. John Waller C. Marcia Cross D. Thomas Szasz

D. Thomas Szasz

Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests? A. antisocial personality disorder B. attention deficit disorder C. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder D. autism spectrum disorder

D. autism spectrum disorder

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________. A. associative fugue B. catatonia C. depersonalization D. dissociative fugue

D. dissociative fugue

Exhibiting a personality that ________ is a common characteristic of all personality disorders. A. differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture B. is borderline or narcissistic C. is incompatible with Western cultural norms D. is split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self

D. is split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common? A. conviction that the patient herself is the cause of many people's troubles B. generalized anxiety and specific phobias C. obsession with the suffering of others D. repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

D. repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

Joffrey talks and moves slowly. When asked a question, he answers slowly in monotone monosyllables, if he answers at all. Joffrey is experiencing psychomotor________. A. agitation B. deprivation C. disorder D. retardation

D. retardation

Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with? A. anxiety disorder B. borderline personality disorder C. major depressive disorder D. schizophrenia

D. schizophrenia

Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior? A. anxiety B. bipolar C. personality D. schizophrenia

D. schizophrenia

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Alexis have? A. bipolar B. peripartum/postpartum C. persistent depressive D. seasonal pattern

D. seasonal pattern

Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________. A. exhibit an extreme fear of water B. insist that she hears voices C .refuse to leave her bed due to anxiety over what might happen during the day D. wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.

D. wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.

Why do so many people believe there is a link between autism and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine? A. A prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link. B. Autism rates increased in every city with an aggressive vaccination program. C. Everyone knows that vaccinations are unhealthy. D. Parents with autistic children can see a clear link between vaccinations and autism.

A. A prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link.

Which of the following is true about neurodevelopmental disorders? A. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood. B. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in middle-aged patients. C. All neurodevelopmental disorders are disorders of the elderly. D. Neurodevelopmental disorders are not diagnosed in males.

A. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood.

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder? A. Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to. B. Gemma is quick to anger and is incapable of dealing with a situation in which she is not the center of attention. C. Gemma is submissive and physically clings to the people around her. D. Gemma is very impulsive—as soon as an idea enters her head she acts upon it.

A. Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.

Etiology is another word for ________. A. causes B. conditions C. forms D. psychopathology

A. causes

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________. A. characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania B. in which an individual experiences mania, characterized by extremely cheerful and euphoric mood, excessive talkativeness, irritability, increased activity levels, and other symptoms C. in which an individual has a tendency to repetitively and passively dwell on one's depressed symptoms, their meanings, and their consequences D. that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth

D. that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory? A. Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed. B. Rochelle is depressed, so she thinks terrible things will happen. C. Rochelle is in an earthquake and many of her friends die, so she becomes depressed. D. Rochelle stops taking her medication because she does not think medication will help her depression.

A. Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.

A recent study compared the vaccination histories of 256 children with autism spectrum disorder with that of 752 control children across three time periods during their first two years of life. Researchers found that ________. A. a combination of genetics, mental predisposition, and bad parenting combined with the MMR vaccination caused autism spectrum disorder B. delaying vaccinations lessened the odds that a child would develop autism spectrum disorder after a vaccination C. quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life was related to the development of autism spectrum disorder D. the quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life were not at all related to the development of autism spectrum disorder

A. a combination of genetics, mental predisposition, and bad parenting combined with the MMR vaccination caused autism spectrum disorder

Lovell is noticeably fidgety and jittery. He can't sit still; he paces, wrings his hands, and pulls at his clothing constantly. Lovell suffers from psychomotor________. A. agitation B. distress C. rigidity D. tension

A. agitation

From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku's personality? A. antisocial personality disorder B. dependent personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. paranoid personality disorder

A. antisocial personality disorder

A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks. A. anxiety B. generalized C. safety D. social

A. anxiety

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior. A. anxiety B. body dysmorphic C. obsessive-compulsive D. personality

A. anxiety

Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________. A. appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless B. exhibits three separate personalities, each distinct from the other C. hates being outside the home alone D. refuses to leave his room due to anxiety over what might happen during the day

A. appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality? A. avoidant personality disorder B. dependent personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder

A. avoidant personality disorder

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders? A. becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self B. feeling sad and hopeless over a long period of time C. memory loss D. rapidly fluctuating mood

A. becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self

Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________. A. being outside the home alone B. blood C. enclosed spaces D. Heights

A. being outside the home alone

The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders. A. biological; psychological B. diathesis; supernatural C. medical; stress D. psychological; biological

A. biological; psychological

Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder. A. body dysmorphic B. generalized anxiety C. mood D. neurological

A. body dysmorphic

The belief that you ________ is an example of a delusion. A. can perform miracles B. can quit smoking C. do not love your parents D. will be arrested for committing a crime

A. can perform miracles