Revision file 3 narrative tenses, adverbs

We use the past perfect (had+ past participle) to talk about the 'earlier past', i.e. things which happened before the main event(s).

(narrating) what do we use PAST PERFECT for? Ex: When we arrived at the airport, we suddenly realized that we had left one of the suitcases in the taxi.

We use the past continuous to describe a longer continuous past action or situation which was in progress when another action happened, or to describe an action or situation that was not complete at a past time.

(narrating) what do we use PAST CONTINUOUS for? Ex: We were having dinner when the plane hit some turbulence. At nine o'clock most people on the plane were reading or were trying to sleep.

We use the past perfect continuous (had been+ verb + -inB) with action verbs to talk about longer continuous actions or situations that started before the main events happened and have continued up to that point. Non-action verbs (e.g. be, have, know, like, etc.) are not normally used in the past continuous or past perfect continuous.

(narrating) what do we use PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS for? Ex: We'd been flying for about two hours when suddenly the captain told us to fasten our seat belts because we were flying into some very bad weather.

We use the past simple to talk about consecutive (последовательные) actions or situations in the past, i.e. for the main events in a story.

(narrating) what do we use PAST SIMPLE for? Ex: We arrived at the airport and checked in.

c

10 I'll ________ my luggage at baggage reclaim and then meet you outside the airport. A drop off B check in C pick up

c

10 My little brother ________ about going to his first football match. A extremely excited is B is excited extremely C is extremely excited

a

11 Could you ________ just outside Departures at 10.30? My flight's at 12.15. A drop me off B pick me up C get me off

c

11 I met my wife when I ________ English in Greece. A taught B had taught C was teaching

c

12 He got on the bus and ________ a seat near the back. A was finding B had found C found

b

12 We had to ________ the plane and go back to the departure lounge. A get on B get off C drop off

a

13 My sister ________ white bread. A doesn't usually eat B doesn't eat usually C usually doesn't eat

c

13 ________ we'd like a flat in the city centre, but just outside would be OK too. A Eventually B Apparently C Ideally

a

14 Have you heard about Jane and Trevor? ________ they've split up. A Apparently B Obviously C In fact

a

14 I worked ________ that I achieved far more than I'd planned to. A such hard B so hard C so hardly

b

15 I thought the workshop was at the weekend but ________ it's on a Thursday. A obviously B in fact C hardly

a

15 Simon ________ because he was late. A walked quickly B quickly walked C walked quick

a

16 I've been learning piano for two months so ________ I can't play much yet. A obviously B apparently C gradually

c

16 We didn't want to leave because the party ________. A hadn't been finishing B didn't finish C hadn't finished

c

17 Bill ________ funny. A sometimes is extremely B sometimes extremely is C is sometimes extremely

c

17 I love swimming in the sea, ________ when it's a really hot day. A obviously B actually C especially

b

18 People usually think we're sisters, but ________ we're just good friends. A at the moment B actually C even

a

18 When I visited my home town after 10 years, it ________ a lot. A had changed B was changing C changed

b

19 Alan was pleased because he ________ all his emails when it was time to finish. A 'd been answering B 'd answered C answered

a

2 I ________ to read newspapers. A never have time B have never time C have time never

a

2 to get on a plane A board B take off C land

c

20 I loved the novel, but I was very sad when John died suddenly ________. A in the end B at the end C at the moment

b

20 These are ________ beautiful flowers. What are they called? A so B such C so much

b

3 At 9 o'clock I ________ a film on TV. A 've been watching B was watching C 'd been watching

c

3 late A on time B landing C delayed

a

4 When I got to the college, I realized I ________ the course book at home. A had left B had been leaving C left

b

4 a flight which takes you to where you can catch your next flight A direct flight B connecting flight C long-haul flight

c

5 We were at home ________. A all yesterday day B yesterday all day C all day yesterday

a

5 the place where you pick up your suitcase A baggage reclaim B passport control C baggage drop off

c

6 That was ________ amazing film - I'd like to buy the DVD. A a so B a such C such an

b

6 the thing you walk down between the seats on a plane A runway B aisle C board

b

7 I didn't have any luggage to ________. A fill in B check in C get off

a

7 Sarah's ________ for work. A often late B late often C lately often

a

8 Jeff ________ Linda for two years when they got engaged. A had known B had been knowing C has known

b

8 The plane ________ twenty minutes late, but we still arrived on time. A picked up B took off C dropped off

b

9 We ________ twenty minutes for the bus when it finally arrived. A waited B 'd been waiting C were waiting

a

9 You have to ________ your US immigration form carefully. A fill in B pick up C check in

Most degree adverbs usually go in mid position. ·We were nearly hit by a car in the street. ·I would rather stay here if you don't mind. · very, extremely, incredibly, absolutely, etc. They are placed before the adjective or adverb they modify. ·We're incredibly tired. ·It's absolutely impossible to do it right. much, a lot, a bitThey are normally used after the verb they complement. ·Britons drink a lot. ·He doesn't talk much. a little / a bit (of)It's normally placed before the adjective or adverb they modify. ·I'm a little tired.

Adverbs of degree (=how much) position?

Adverbs of manner can be used in any of the three positions; however, their most common position is the final position. Final position: after the verb or, if there is an object, after verb + object. Ex: I don't understand you when you speak quickly. She can dance salsa marvellously

Adverbs of manner (=how) position?

We normally place adverbs of time in final position. ·They'll be here soon. ·It rained a lot yesterday.

Adverbs of time (=when) position?

Viewpoint or comment adverbs, e.g. obviously, luckily, unfortunately, honestly, etc., are normally placed in initial position. •Unfortunately, we arrived half an hour late. •Ideally, we should leave at 10.00.

Comment adverbs(which give the speaker's opinion) position?

The sentences on this page make a complete story so read all of them before you start choosing the correct verb forms.

Narrative tenses quiz: https://www.eltbase.com/get_quiz.php?id=22

The past perfect continuous emphasizes the continuation of an activity. The past perfect simple emphasizes the completion of an activity.

Past perfect simple or continuous? Ex: Lina was crying because she'd been reading a very sad book. Lina didn't want to see the film, because she'd already read the book.

Adverbs are one of the four major word classes, along with nouns, verbs and adjectives. Adverbs can describe an action (e.g. he walks slowly) or modify adjectives or other adverbs (e.g. it's incredibly expensive, he works very hard). They can either be one word (e.g. often) or a phrase (e.g. once a week).

What are adverbs? What do we use them for?

Initial position Final position Mid position

What are position of adverbs in sentenses?

at the end of the sentence EX: We have to move quickly. She arrived very late.

What is Final position?

at the beginning of the sentence Ex: Sometimes I feel a bit lost.

What is Initial position?

This is the position where most adverbs are placed. It is before the main verb EX: I often call him to know how he is. They don't always answer the phone

What is Mid position?

After the verb be (when it is the main verb). •They are often late. After the auxiliary verb or the first auxiliary verb (when there are two or more auxiliary verbs) •You must never do that again. •I have often been tempted to tell her I love her.

Where Mid position if: - verb = to be (when it is the main verb). - we have auxiliary verb (or when there are two or more auxiliary verbs)

"Won't" is just a short way of saying "will not", so probably won't can always be rephrased as will probably not. Ex: I probably won't go shopping today. This could also be phrased as I will probably not go shopping today.

Which is correct, "probably not" or "probably won't"?

Narrative tenses are four tenses that we often use for talking about past events. The most common of these is the past simple. The other three tenses, the past continuous, the past perfect simple and the past perfect continuous, can help us to say what we want more efficiently. It is useful to look at these tenses together in the context of the function narrating - relating past events.

Which tenses are narrative?

Adverbs of frequency usually go in mid position, although a few of them (sometimes, usually and normally) can also go in initial position for emphasis.

Adverbs of frequency (=how often) position?

Place adverbs tell us about where something happens or where something is. (in final position)

Adverbs of place (where) position?

Adverbials of probability are usually placed in front of the main verb (mid position) Ex: We will definitely be there tomorrow. She is certainly coming to the party. •Perhaps and maybe are usually placed at the beginning of the clause: Perhaps it will stop raining soon. Maybe the rain will stop soon.

Adverbs of probability (how likely) position?

Narrative tenses are verb tenses that are used to talk about the past. You can often find them in stories, textbooks, spoken accounts and in descriptions of past events.

What are narrative tenses?

well done!)

do the quiz https://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/213.html http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/skillswise/english/en26adve/quiz/en26adve-l1-quiz.pdf

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1 We________ for two hours when they finally let us in. A 've been queuing B were queuing C 'd been queuing

b

1 people who look after you during a flight A customs officials B cabin crew C check-in staff

c

19 Jane's been very quiet ________. I think she's worried about something. A late B later C lately

·They met by chance in England in 1999. !Note that when there is a verb of movement, the order is place, manner and time. ·He goes to school by car every day.

When we have to use different adverbs in final position: Manner, place and time, purpose