Rise of the West 1450-1750 (Chapters 14-15)
Which was not an impact on trade as a result of the Ottoman conquest of 1453?
Trade between peoples in the Mediterranean and Asian shrank as most trade ties between China and the Middle East were cut.
What drove European involvement in the world of Asian commerce?
Tropical spices and hope for recovery from the Black Death
What role did Europeans play in Indian Ocean trade in the 16th and 17th centuries?
With their super naval weaponry, Europeans took control over the shipping routes, but did not establish large colonies.
Niccolo Machiavelli
(1469-1527) Wrote The Prince which altered the practice of politics throughout the West.
Which of the following figures is associated with the Scientific Revolution?
Newton.
How did the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, and British initiatives differ from one another?
P: Established fortified bases that controlled trade routes S: Established colonial rule over the Philippine Islands D: Monopolized and seized private trading companies B: Less financed + less commercially sophisticated
Which is the most significant historical context for Columbus' exploration?
Portuguese attempts to enter the Indian Ocean trade network by sailing around Africa.
Mercantilism
Process of exporting more than importing
What was unique about slave-based societies in the tropical Atlantic?
Ratio of free people was much higher than in early plantations.
Which of the following motivated Europeans to venture across the Atlantic Ocean?
Rivalries between competing European states.
The first direct and sustained link between the Americas and Asia was the trade in...
Silver.
Europeans who participated in the Scientific Revolution placed value on knowledge that was based on...
Mathematical Reasoning
Capitalism
An economic system based on private ownership of capital
The Enlightenment
Applied Scientific Method toward correcting problems in society. Challenged traditional practices/questioned authority.
Which explains Europe's initial increased interest in transoceanic travel during the 15th and 16th centuries?
Asian products were in high demand in Europe and finding a viable ocean route to Asia was essential for trade.
The European cross-Atlantic voyages of the 16th century were similar to Arab cross-Indian voyages of the 12th century because...
Both European and Arab sailors were experts at combining technologies invented elsewhere.
Which of the following was more true of Catholics than Protestants in European colonies?
Catholics were more intent on converting native peoples.
Which of the following was an incentive for the Portuguese to find a direct sea route to Asia?
Circumvent Muslim and Venetian monopoly on Indian Ocean trade.
How did Protestant Reformation transform European society, culture, and politics?
Culture: Stimulated Women's education Politics: Religious indifferences + took power away from Pope.
Which best describes the impact of contemporary intellectual ideas on the Protestant Reformation?
Development in art, science and literature worked to challenge the intellectual status quo along with the Reformation.
World historical importance of the silver trade?
Direct links/routes from Europe to the Americas.
The presence of Luther's ideas would transform Western Europe by...
Eroding religious unity and prompting major wars of religion.
What role did Europe, Africa, and the Caribbean have in this economic society?
Europe: Provided capitalist + manufactures Africa: Exported slaves Caribbean: Provided land (soil for crops)
Which motivation for Spanish exploration is most evident?
Extension of the political domains of Ferdinand and Isabella.
Which best describes a similarity between Christian and Islamic theology throughout the 16th to 18th centuries?
Fundamental religious schisms emerged that challenged traditional authority.
Portugese Exploration
Gold, God, and Glory
Missionary efforts to spread Christianity to Spanish America was more successful than China because...
Spanish America was in need of faith while China had political independence and their own philosophies.
Creation of Martellus World Map and Cantino Planisphere took place during which historical period?
The Age of Discovery.
Which development in the early modern period incentivized for Europe to go into the fur trade?
The Little Ice Age.
Which of the following was establish as a Spanish colony in the sixteenth century?
The Philippine Islands.
Which of the following distinguished the empires of Western Europe from other empires?
They were initiated by maritime expansion.
Which of the following did Enlightenment thinkers share?
The belief in progress and reason.
Which was a result of the fur trade in North America in the early modern period?
The dependence of Native Americans on European trade goods.
Which of the following was the most direct result of Columbus' actions in the Americas?
The establishment of a Spanish colonial empire in the Americas
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between Europe and the New World.
How did the Protestant Reformation affect women?
The focus on reading the Bible led to education and literacy.
Which best describes the role of the Catholic Church and the Pope in Luther's initial criticisms?
The head of a fundamentally corrupt religious organization.
How did many Native Americans in Mesoamerica and Peru respond to Spanish missionaries' efforts to convert them to Catholicism?
They blended their old customs into Catholic practices.
What did the Portuguese do after they established sea routes to the Indian Ocean?
They conquered several strategic port cities.