RM225: Chapter 6 Quiz
The following item appears on a survey: "On a five-point scale, where 1 is strongly disagree, 2 is disagree, 3 is neither agree nor disagree, 4 is agree, and 5 is strongly agree, rate the following statement: "I look forward to coming to class." Which type of question format is being used? - forced choice - Likert scale - semantic differential - open-ended
Likert scale
Professor Law wants to construct a survey to assess involvement with computer games. Which question is a double-barreled question? - What computer games have you played? - On a scale of 0 (not at all) to 5 (very much), rate how much you like and play your favorite game. - Which is truer of you? 1) I have little interest in computer games or 2) I would miss computer games if I couldn't play anymore. - On a scale of 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree), rate the following statement: Computer games are a great pastime.
On a scale of 0 (not at all) to 5 (very much), rate how much you like and play your favorite game.
Professor Law wants to construct a survey to assess involvement with computer games. Which question uses a Likert scale? - What computer games have you played? - On a scale of 0 (not at all) to 5 (very much), rate how much you like and play your favorite game. - Which is truer of you? 1) I have little interest in computer games or 2) I would miss computer games if I couldn't play anymore. - On a scale of 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree), rate the following statement: Computer games are a great pastime.
On a scale of 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree), rate the following statement: Computer games are a great pastime.
Which of the following is true about self-reports? - Self-reports are always less reliable and valid than observational data. - Self-reports are valuable sources of information when researchers are interested in a person's internal experiences. - Self-reports are always biased by socially desirable responding. - Self-reports are superior to observational data because they aren't susceptible to observer bias.
Self-reports are valuable sources of information when researchers are interested in a person's internal experiences.
Judy writes a survey to assess how much people worry. Her survey has 20 questions to which people can rate their level of agreement on a seven-point Likert scale. All the questions are worded so that higher responses will indicate a higher level of worry. After having 100 people complete her survey, she finds many respondents often respond to all the questions by choosing only the "strongly agree" option. She improves the construct validity of her survey by doing which of the following? - She could include reverse-worded items. - She could encourage people to be as honest as possible when filling out the survey. - She could include filler questions to mask the purpose of the survey. - She could change the number of response options to remove the neutral option.
She could include reverse-worded items.
The following problematic question appears on a survey: "Please indicate whether the following statement is true or false for you: My cell phone is new and has all the latest features." In which way could this question be changed to improve its construct validity? - Change the wording so that it is positively worded, not a double-negative. - Split the question into two so that it is not double-barreled. - Change the order of "is new" and "has all the latest features" to address problematic question ordering. - Use more neutral language so it is not a leading question.
Split the question into two so that it is not double-barreled.
The campus safety committee has asked Professor Ibrahim to study bicycling on his campus. He trains two observers and has them observe the number of cyclists and their safety at various points around campus. After completing the observational study, Professor Ibrahim sends a survey out to the entire campus about bicycle safety, and asks all bicyclists to respond. He finds a large difference between their reports of how safely they ride and what his observers found. Which is the most likely cause of the self-report ratings being inconsistent with the observational data? - The bicyclists were probably fence-sitting on the self-report survey. - The question order on the self-report survey probably affected the responses on the self-report survey. - The bicyclists were probably faking bad on the self-report survey. - The bicyclists were probably responding in a socially desirable way on the self-report survey.
The bicyclists were probably responding in a socially desirable way on the self-report survey.
The campus safety committee has asked Professor Ibrahim to study bicycling on his campus. He trains two observers and has them observe the number of cyclists and their safety at various points around campus. When the observations began, the observers noticed that bicyclists slowed down when they neared the observers. In which way could this reactivity be avoided? - The observers could create a clear codebook. - The observers could make unobtrusive observations. - The observers could use a blind study design. - The observers could use random assignment.
The observers could make unobtrusive observations.
Which of the following is true about open-ended questions? - They can be time-consuming for researchers because the responses need to be coded. - They completely lack construct validity. - They are more efficient than asking forced-choice questions. - They are the most common format psychologists use to ask questions.
They can be time-consuming for researchers because the responses need to be coded.
According to research by Nisbett and Wilson (1977), which of the following is true of people when they are asked why they made a certain choice? - They can accurately describe why they made that choice. - They will refuse to tell you why they made a certain choice because they don't know. - They will tell you why they think they made that choice, but they may not accurately identify the true reason for their choice. - They will purposefully lie about why they made that choice to seem more socially desirable.
They will tell you why they think they made that choice, but they may not accurately identify the true reason for their choice.
Which of the following is a method to control for observer bias? - Use unobtrusive observations. - Wait for the participants to become used to the observer before collecting data. - Use a masked or blind study design. - Measure the traces of behavior rather than using direct observation.
Use a masked or blind study design.
Which of the following is a way to control for socially desirable responding? - Use measures, such as the Implicit Association Test, to evaluate implicit, unconscious opinions. - Remove the neutral option from the survey so a person must choose one side or the other. - Prepare different versions of a survey, with questions in different sequences. - Consider using a semantic differential question format.
Use measures, such as the Implicit Association Test, to evaluate implicit, unconscious opinions.
Jenny recently learned of plans to cut down an old, beautiful tree on her campus to make way for a new bike path. Jenny is opposed to cutting down the tree, and she decides to survey some students at her university to see if others also oppose cutting down the tree. She plans to share the results of her survey with the school administration to argue to keep the tree. One question on Jenny's survey asks, "Would you be in favor of brutally cutting down this majestic tree to make way for a stupid bike path?" In which way could this question be changed to improve its construct validity? - Change the wording so that it is positively worded. - Split the question into two separate questions. - Add another option such as "or would you favor leaving the poor tree alone." - Use more neutral language.
Use more neutral language.
Which of the following is a method that researchers use to reduce reactivity in observational studies? - Use multiple observers. - Develop a clearer coding system. - Use unobtrusive data. - Use a masked or blind study design.
Use unobtrusive data.
Professor Law wants to construct a survey to assess involvement with computer games. Which of the following would be an example of an open-ended question? - What computer games have you played? - On a scale of 0 (not at all) to 5 (very much), rate how much you like and play your favorite game. - Which is truer of you? 1) I have little interest in computer games or 2) I would miss computer games if I couldn't play anymore. - On a scale of 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree), rate the following statement: Computer games are a great pastime.
What computer games have you played?
Professor Law wants to construct a survey to assess involvement with computer games. Which is a forced-choice question? - What computer games have you played? - On a scale of 0 (not at all) to 5 (very much), rate how much you like and play your favorite game. - Which is truer of you? 1) I have little interest in computer games or 2) I would miss computer games if I couldn't play anymore. - On a scale of 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree), rate the following statement: Computer games are a great pastime.
Which is truer of you? 1) I have little interest in computer games or 2) I would miss computer games if I couldn't play anymore.
Is it ethical for psychological researchers to observe people in a public place? - Yes, because as long as it is for the sake of science, it is ethical to observe people in public or private places. - Yes, because in those settings people can reasonably expect their behavior to be public, not private. - No, because the researchers will have to individually identify the people they observe. - No, because informed consent cannot be obtained from those being observed.
Yes, because in those settings people can reasonably expect their behavior to be public, not private.
Judy writes a survey to assess how much people worry. Her survey has 20 questions to which people can rate their level of agreement on a seven-point Likert scale. All the questions are worded so that higher responses will indicate a higher level of worry. After having 100 people complete her survey, she finds many respondents often respond to all the questions by choosing only the "strongly agree" option. This kind of responding is called which of the following? - faking good - ambivalence - fence sitting - acquiescence
acquiescence
Jenny recently learned of plans to cut down an old, beautiful tree on her campus to make way for a new bike path. Jenny is opposed to cutting down the tree, so she decides to survey some students at her university to see if others also oppose cutting down the tree. She plans to share the results of her survey with the school administration to argue to keep the tree. One question on Jenny's survey asks, "Would you be in favor of brutally cutting down this majestic tree to make way for a stupid bike path?" This question is which one of the following types? - double-barreled - negatively worded - forced choice - leading
leading
Jenny recently learned of plans to cut down an old, beautiful tree on her campus to make way for a new bike path. Jenny is opposed to cutting down the tree, so she decides to survey some students at her university to see if others also oppose cutting down the tree. She plans to share the results of her survey with the school administration to argue to keep the tree. One question on Jenny's survey asks, "Do you oppose not cutting down this tree?" A problem with this question is that it is which type of question? - double-barreled - negatively worded - forced choice - leading
negatively worded
The campus safety committee has asked Professor Ibrahim to study bicycling on his campus. He trains two observers and has them observe the number of cyclists and their safety at various points around campus. Both observers are very interested in the topic because they have been struck by bicycles. Which threat to construct validity should concern Professor Ibrahim even if the interrater reliability is high? - observer bias - selection bias - observer effects - reactivity
observer bias
In a study, students received rats they believed to be genetically bred as "maze-bright" or "maze-dull" rats. For the next several days, students trained and recorded how long it took for their rats to complete a maze. Although the rats were genetically the same breed, the "maze-bright" rats showed improvement in their performance every day, whereas the "maze-dull" rats did not. This study is examining which of the following? - reactivity - observer bias - observer effects - socially desirable responding
observer effects
Which of the following describes a "fence-sitting" response to a survey? - responding to the questions on a survey by consistently selecting all the "yes" or "strongly agree" responses - responding to the questions on a survey by consistently selecting all the "no" or "strongly disagree" responses - responding in a socially desirable way - responding to a controversial question on a survey by selecting the response right in the middle
responding to a controversial question on a survey by selecting the response right in the middle
Joseph wants to find out what customers at his restaurant think about the food and the service. He creates a survey for diners to fill out at the end of their meal. It requests the diners do the following: 1) Please rate the food from 1 to 10, where 1 is yucky and 10 is delicious; 2) Please rate the service from 1 to 10 were 1 is unacceptable and 10 is outstanding. Which kind of question format is Joseph using? - open-ended - Likert scale - semantic differential - forced choice
semantic differential
The campus safety committee has asked Professor Ibrahim to study bicycling on his campus. He trains two observers and has them observe the number of cyclists and their safety at various points around campus. Initially, the observers can't agree about what is dangerous behavior. Professor Ibrahim refines his codebooks to clearly define the rating scales and retrains the observers. Which is he addressing by doing this? - reactivity - socially desirable responding - acquiescence - the reliability of the measurement
the reliability of the measurement
