ROC 110

Which of the following imaging modalities does not use radiation to produce an image? CT MRI PET standard radiography

MRI

When patients are scheduled for a _____ scan they are injected with the beta decay radiotracer FDG. MRI CT PET none of the above

PET

A "belly board" is commonly used to treat patients in the ___________ position. supine prone lateral standing

Prone

_____________ consists of narrow beams of radiation which are targeted within the brain to the submillimeter tolerance. SRS SBRT SPECT none of the above

SRS

Key staff functions of the radiation therapist in the simulation process include all of the following, except: Therapeutic decisions Target volume localization Fabrication of treatment aids All of the above

Therapeutic decisions

_________ systems provide validated parameters from the treatment plan to the treatment machine for setup and delivery. QA EMR EPID V & R

V & R

Which of the statements is most correct regarding patient support assemblies? Will support 100-300 pounds only Will support in the range of 300-500 pounds Will support up to 1000 pounds of weight There is no weight limit for the patient support assembly

Will support in the range of 300-500 pounds

During respiratory gating with CT a device that measures breathing is strapped to the patients: wrist chest ankle abdomen

abdomen

Which of the following is not found inside the head of a linear accelerator? ion chambers x-ray target accelerating structure bending magnet scattering foil

accelerating structure

Centering the patient so that the area of interest is in the center of the CT bore ensures: a lower dosage to the patient elimination of artifacts better image quality all of the above

all of the above

Techniques for isocenter localization include which of the following methods? computing isocenter based on field border placement external skin fudicials placement of isocenter based on treatment volume or contour information all of the above

all of the above

The daily treatment record documents: delivery of treatments daily dose cummulative dose all of the above

all of the above

The gantry of a CT simulator includes: x-ray tube detector array high voltage generator all of the above

all of the above

The major components of a linear accelerator include the: gantry treatment couch drive stand all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following factors affect image noise? mA exposure time kV(p) all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is considered a mechanism for defining the treatment field? collimator jaws MLC cerrobend blocks all of the above

all of the above

The patient must be centered to the CT table in order that: the anatomy is in the field of view the patient moves through the scan safely immobilization devices fit through the bore all would apply

all would apply

Bolus comes in many forms and has many applications. Which of the following is not a material that bolus would be made from? Vaseline gauge water-filled balloon Superflab aluminum covered with paraffin wax

aluminum covered with paraffin wax

To maintain patient safety and accuracy during treatment, which of the following applies? audio and visual contact must be maintained therapist must remain in treatment room patient must be restrained at all times none of the above

audio and visual contact must be maintained

Which of the following best describes the order in which electron bunches and the resulting x-rays travel through the head of a linear accelerator? bending magnet, target, primary collimator, flattening filter, wedge, dose chamber bending magnet, target, primary collimator, flattening filter, dose chamber, MLC bending magnet, dose chambers, target, flattening filter, primary collimator, MLC

bending magnet, target, primary collimator, flattening filter, dose chamber, MLC

Which of the following is not considered a complex immobilization device? alpha cradle vacuum cushion bite block thermoplastic molds

bite block

Respiratory gating with CT is designed to overcome: patient anxiety during treatment breathing motion during treatment breathing motion during simulation equipment motion during treatment

breathing motion during simulation

The patient couch table top is created out of this material, which has a low density and low x-ray absorption: plastic carbonate carbon fiber steel polystyrene

carbon filter

A bolus may be used in the treatment field to accomplish all of the following, except bring treatment dose to the surface eliminate air gaps change the angle of the isodose curve compensate for variations in the tissue surface

change the angle of the isodose curve

A(n) __________ directs the RF energy into the waveguide and prevents any reflected microwaves from returning to the klystron. vacuum system electron gun accelerator guide circulator

circulator

An anteroposterior radiograph displays anatomy in the __________ plane. sagittal coronal transverse none of the above

coronal

One of the main advantages of a multileaf collimator is to: correct for tissue inhomogeneities customize treatment volume eliminate skin sparing replace the need for interlock system of holding blocks

customize treatment volume

Positioning lasers on the CT simulator must be checked: daily weekly monthly annually

daily

The use of a bolus in the treatment field: decreases skin sparing effect increases skin sparing effect relieves skin irritation provides immobilization of the body part

decreases skin sparing effect

A ___________ is used for computerized shaping of the treatment field. dynamic wedge cerrobend block scattering foil none of the above

dynamic wedge

It is common practice in radiation therapy to treat sites such as the nares, eyelids, and lips with: electron therapy IMRT IGRT

electron therapy

Fixed reference points against which other objects can be measured describes: cerrobend blocks fiducial markers triangulation multileaf collimators

fiducial markers

The bending magnet that causes the electron beam to turn up to 270 degrees is located in the: modulator cabinet stand gantry head console

gantry head

Conventional simulators used in radiation oncology are designed to simulate the mechanical, _____________, and optical properties of the treatment unit. geometrical comfort linear design components none of the above

geometrical

The measure of the angle between central rays of two intersecting treatment beams is: wedge angle hinge angle none of the above

hinge angle

Images seen on screens are a display of cells in rows and columns called the: window level image matrix window width voxel

image matrix

The control console of the treatment unit is located: Selected Answer: inside the treatment room in the dosimetry area in the physics department immediately outside the treatment room

immediately outside the treatment room

Fractionation in radiation therapy is defined as: time period over which the treatment is given number and orientation of treatment fields indivdual treatment dose total treatment dose given to the patient

indivdual treatment dose

A(n) ___________ is designed to protect the patient, staff, and equipment from hazards. dynamic wedge interlock system multileaf collimator flattening filter

interlock system

The mathematic process that estimates attenuation between two known points is: filtered back projection iterative reconstruction interpolation calculus

interpolation

________ iodine media have a high osmolality, which is a measure of the total number of particles in solution per kilogram of water. nonionic ionic

ionic

The treatment room is engineered around the: patient treatment machine isocenter None of the above

isocenter

The source of microwave power used to accelerate electrons is provided by the: magnetron modulator klystron generator

klystron

If a therapist makes an error in the treatment chart, what should be done? tear chart up and construct a new chart cover error with liquid paper (white out) erase error line through error and initial

line through error and initial

Pixel size = FOV (mm)/_______. voxel Hounsfield unit window level matrix size

matrix size

The grainy appearance of an image is: noise spatial resolution alll statements are correct

noise

Which of the following radiation therapy units is not considered megavoltage equipment betatron orthovoltage Van de Graff generator linear accelerator

orthovoltage

Technique for matching abutting fields includes all of the following, except penumbra method gaps feathering use of non-divergent beam edges

penumbra method

The flattening filter on a linear accelerator is only utilized with: electron beams photon beams proton beams neutron beams

photon beams

The distance traveled by the couch during an x-ray rotation with a helical CT scanner is: pitch filtered back projection scanning field of view data acquisition

pitch

Each cell on the image matrix is called a: voxel Hounsfield unit window level pixel

pixel

The BEV path, including treatment beam shape and projection is verified by: portal imaging stereoscopic imaging cone beam CT none of the above

portal imaging

The _________ performs full calibration testing for linear accelerators. radiation oncologist radiation therapist radiation physicist none of the above

radiation physicist

IR techniques ______ the noise and artifacts present in the reconstructed image. increase reduce stabilize none of the above

reduce

The components of a conventional simulator include all of the following, except collimator head image intensifier rotating x-ray tube patient support assembly

rotating x-ray tube

If the electron beam dose is inconsistent across the treatment field, what might be at fault? flattening filter scattering foil wedge multileaf collimator

scattering foil

The scan field of view is ________ than the aperture of the gantry. smaller larger equal to none of the above

smaller

The degree of blurring in a CT image or the ability to discriminate between two adjacent high contrast objects is: noise image matrix dose index Correct spatial resolution

spatial resolution

Two images from different angles focused on the same point defines: beams eye view evaluation bone beam CT stereoscopic imaging none of the above

stereoscopic imaging

The gantry of a CT simulator is: Selected Answer: Correct the circular doughnut the patient enters for the exam identical to the conventional simulator identical to the treatment unit the circular doughnut the patient enters for the exam there is no gantry with a CT simulator

the circular doughnut the patient enters for the exam

Who determines what area is to be scanned during simulation? the physician the dosimetrist the therapist the radiologist

the physician

The light located over the treatment room door indicates that: people are in the room the treatment door is not closed the treatment door interlock is operating properly the radiation beam is on

the radiation beam is on

Ionic or nonionic iodinated contrast is given: orally rectally through an intravenous line none of the above

through an intravenous line

Protraction is defined as: individual treatment dose number and oreintation of treatment fields time period over which the treatment is given device that changes the shape of the treatment field

time period over which the treatment is given

A bending magnet in an accelerator may be used: Correct to deflect (bend) the electron beam to help deflect microwave power to deflect (bend) the electron beam gather stray electrons together in a bunch gather random paper clips

to deflect (bend) the electron beam

The CT scan produces a __________ cross sectional cut of the body. sagittal transverse coronal None of the above

transverse

CT images taken during simulation are used for: treatment planning purposes diagnosis for the patient to have an image of their disease none of the above

treatment planning purposes

Following the CT scan, images are transfered to the: treatment machine physicians office treatment planning workstation emergency room

treatment planning workstation

Stretcher transfers should be completed with a minium of ____ caregivers. S two three four five

two

Calculations must be reviewed and signed by: one person two people everyone involved with the patient none of the above

two people

The final check to ensure that each of the planned treatment beams does cover the tumor or target volume and does not irradiate critical normal structures is: localization separation verification simulation workstation

verification

Volume element defines a: voxel pixel CT unit Hounsfield unit

voxel

A maximum intensity projection takes multiple phases of respiration and adds the brightest __________ from each to create a data set. pixels voxels noise none of the above

voxels

This system conveys microwave power to the accelerator tube: accelerator guide electron gun waveguide system klystron

wave guide system

A_________ is designed to change the angle of the isodose curve relative to the beam axis at at specified depth. bolus transmission filter wedge compensator

wedge

Based partially on historical studies showing a reduction in treatment error associated with increased portal imaging, ________ portal imaging for radical cases has become an accepted but not universally implemented standard. daily weekly monthly initial and final

weekly

The range of numbers displayed or the contrast on a CT image refers to: window level (WL) image matrix iterative reconstruction window width (WW)

window width (WW)

Linear accelerators operate in an energy range of: 10 to 15 kVp 50 to 150 kV 200 to 300 kV 1 MV or greater

1 MV or greater

A CT scanner specifically designed for use in the radiation therapy department should have which characteristics? 1. high performance scanner 2. laser and patient marking system 3. virtual simulation capabilities

1, 2, & 3

Common materials used to create compensating filters include: 1. Lucite 2. Lead 3. Brass 4. Copper

1, 2, 3, 4

Some of the more common medical accelerator hazards include: I. incorrect dose delivered II. dose delivered to the wrong area III. machine collision IV. emergency off malfunction

1,2,3

Which of the following steps occur during virtual simulation? 1. contouring 2. localization of tumor and target volume 3. administration of contrast 4. CT data transferred to treatment planning system 5. mark reference point on patient using laser system 6. scout or pilot film

1,2,4

Cerrobend is composed of: 1. Lead 2. Bismuth 3. Gold 4. Tin 5. Cadmium

1,2,4,5

The depth of maximum dose for 6 MV photons is: 0.5 cm 1.0 cm 1.5 cm 3.0 cm

1.5 cm

Orthovoltage units operate in the treatment range of: 50 to 100 kV 100 to 300 kV 500 to 1000 kV greater than 500 kV

100 to 300 kV

A linear accelerator has ___ ion chambers. 2 3 4 5

2

Dose delivered to a patient in a single CT slice at the skin surface is in the range of: 1 to 5 mSv 1 to 20 mSv 2 to 10 mSv 2 to 20 mSv

2 to 10 mSv

The first CT scanner required the patient to be positioned at a fixed point and the x-ray tube rotated ______ degrees around the patient. 90 180 360 The tube did not rotate

360

Cerrobend, used for designing custom shielding blocks, melts at a temperature of: 50 degrees C 70 degrees C 100 degrees C none of the above

70 degree C

Ideally, the opening to the CT scanner aperture should be ______ cm or greater to accommodate a wide variety of patient set ups. 20 40 60 80

80

Orthogonal imaging is achieved by taking two images at a ________ degree angle from one another. 45 90 180 none of the above

90

Which of the following statements is considered a benefit of CT simulation? Accurate delineation of 3D volumes in the patient's treatment position. The isocenter can be placed quickly and accurately in any location. Allows for more information/data for measurements postsimulation. All of the above

All of the above

Today, common practise is to utilize a: conventional simulator CT simulator both 1 and 2 niehter one nor two

CT simulator

This tumor volume contains gross palpable tumor and a surrounding volume of tissue that may contain subclinical or microscopic disease. GTV CTV PTV none of the above

CTV

A current protocol that ensures that images are communicated properly is: DICOM PACS FBP HUs

DICOM

The standard format used to transfer information between the imaging devices, virtual simulation systems, and the treatment planning system is: IGRT SPECT DICOM ICRU

DICOM

CT numbers are also known as: Hounsfield units Godfrey units attenuation coefficient units all of the above

Hounsfield units

Which of the following does not apply to IGRT? EPID IMRT MV cone-beam CT ultrasound

IMRT

_________ is an advanced form of 3-D conformal therapy that uses "inverse planning techniques". feathering brachytherapy intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)

IMRT

_____________ motion is the change in target position from one fraction to another. Interfraction Intrafraction neither answer is correct

Interfraction