Rocks & Minerals
What is a foliated rock?
A foliated rock is a metamorphic rock with repetitive layering.
What is a mineral?
A mineral is a solid that is not organic. It occurs naturally, has a crystal structure, and a definite chemical composition.
What is a non-foliated rock?
A non-foliated rock is a metamorphic rock with no distinct layers.
Compare basalt and granite.
Basalt is extrusive and fine-grained. Granite is intrusive and coarse-grained.
What are extrusive rocks?
Extrusive rocks form from lava on Earth's surface. Ex. basalt
What group of rocks does gneiss belong?
Gneiss rocks belong to the igneous group because they form from the heating and cooling of lava.
How do igneous rocks form?
Igneous rock form from the cooling of magma or lava.
How are igneous rocks classified?
Igneous rocks are classified by any rock that forms from magma or lava.
How can igneous rocks change through two more steps in the rock cycle?
Igneous rocks change to sediment because of weather and erosion. The sediment changes to sedimentary rocks because of compaction and cementation.
What are intrusive rocks?
Intrusive rocks form from magma beneath the Earth. Ex. granite
Where and under what conditions are metamorphic rocks formed?
Metamorphic rocks are formed when heat, pressure, or chemical reactions take place underground.
Explain how organic sedimentary rocks form?
Organic rock forms when the remains of living things break down into sediment.
Describe the process that causes deposits of rock salt to form.
Rock salt form through the process of cementation which is when dissolved minerals crystallize and glue articles of sediment together.
How are sedimentary rocks used?
Sedimentary rocks are used to make cement, glass, fertilizer, baking soda, laundry bleach, and aspirin.
How do sedimentary rocks form?
Sedimentary rocks form in layers; compaction, deposition, erosion, and cementation.
What is the main use of metamorphic rocks?
The main use of metamorphic rocks is floor tiles, counter tops, and statues.
What is the role of plate tectonics in the rock cycle?
The role of plate tectonics is movement and the production of heat.
What type of sedimentary rock is rock salt?
chemical
3 major types of sedimentary rocks
clastic organic chemical
8 properties used to identify minerals
color density cleavage streak hardness fracture luster Mohs hardness scale
characteristics of igneous rocks
extrusive intrusive texture compostion
3 main groups of rocks
igneous sedimentary metamorphic
3 characteristics used to identify rocks
mineral composition color texture
Which type of sedimentary rock forms from the remains of living things?
organic
characteristics used to classify metamorphic rocks
temperature size and shape of grains arrangement of grains foliated non-foliated
What does metamorphic mean?
to change in structure or composition
