S-130 Module 12 (Optional Knowledge)

Latitude ans longitude are measured in degree, minutes, &, (blank).

Seconds.

(Blank), maps are the most popular maps used by fire agencies showing information.

USGS Topographic

As with stream beds, the V-shaped contour lines point, (blank).

Uphill

A, (blank), will show permanent structures.

Aerial photograph

(Blank), maps are used to describe legal land locations for property boundaries.

Land survey maps

(Blank), pumps are designed to set near the water's edge, with a hard suction hose running from the pump to the water.

Land-based portable pumps

The TWO most common, (blank), pumps are: 1. Positive displacement pumps; & 2. Centrifugal pumps

Land-based pumps

(Blank), lines forming a series of curves that look like the letter U indicate a ridge or outcropping. The bottom of the U's point down the slope.

Contour Lines

During pre-incident planning, idenitfy sites that could serve as, (blank), areas for engines and heavy equipment.

Staging Areas

Land survey maps don't rely on longitude and latitude to describe specific locations. Instead they describe locations in terms of distances from a fixed, (blank).

Fixed Point

Centrifugal pumps function differently from positive displacement pumps in that they have to be (blank), before they will pump water.

Primed

What are the TWO common quadrangle sizes that the USGS publishes topographic maps in?

1. 7.5 minute quads (1:24,000 scale); & 2. 15 minute quads (1:62,500 scale)

What are the TWO broad categories of portable fire pumps?

1. Land-based portable fire pumps; & 2. Floating portable fire pumps

What are the TWO land survey systems in use in the United States?

1. Metes & bounds system; & 2. Public land survey system

When investigating, generally think of the causes of a wildland fires as falling into one of THREE categories:

1. Natural 2. Accidental; & 3. Intentional

What are the THREE indicators of north?

1. Navigational north - The direction of the North Star 2. Geographic or "true" north - The direction to the geographic North Pole of the earth; & 3. Magnetic North - The direction a compass needle points, to the magnetic North Pole.

What are THREE things you can do to protect an area possibly containing evidence?

1. Place tools around the area 2. Post guards to keep others away; & 3. Secure area with flagging

What THREE practices do protection of cultural resources rely on?

1. Stay Informed - Of the Incident Action Plan 2. Protect significant or unknown eligibility sites; & 3. Speak Up

There are 360 degrees in a full circle, so one degree of longitude or latitude is, (blank), the distance around the earth. Degrees are further divided into minutes & seconds.

1/360th

One minute of latitude or longitude is equal to, (blank), of a degree. Also, one second is, (blank), of a minute.

1/60th

A scale of 1:24,000 means that 1 inch on the map equals, (blank), on the ground

24,000 inches

Dragging hoseline and driving apparatus in the, (blank), especially around the heel, can destroy evidence.

Black

Firefighters use the, (blank), pump more than any other in wildland fire suppression.

Centrifugal Pump

The, (blank) pump has a lower maintenance cost and can be field repaired.

Centrifugal Pump

The fire investigation part of your job begins as soon as you are, (blank), to a fire.

Dispatched

Two-cycle portable fire pump engines run on a mixture of gasoline & oil, whereas four-cycle engines run on only, (blank).

Gasoline

A, (blank), map will show street addresses

General plot map

Once you do finally attack fire, be especially aware of, (blank), devices, because the point of origin is where you will be most likely to find them.

Ignition Devices

When fire mapping, most, (blank), place a clear plastic overlay on top of a topo map and plot the burned area, predicted path of the fire, and locations of firelines, command centers, and staging areas.

Incident Commanders

(Blank), is also measured in degrees,east and west of the prime meridian, which runs between the North & South Poles through Greenwich, England.

Longitude

Unlike Latitude lines, (blank), lines are not parallel since they converge at the poles.

Longitude

When giving a location using latitude and longitude, it is normal practice to give the, (blank), first.

Longitude

A, (blank), will will scale geographic measurements.

Orthophoto map

Latitude lines run, (blank), to each other and measure the distance north or south of the equator.

Parallel

(Blank), pumps are powered by either a two-cycle or a four-cycle engine.

Portable fire pumps

Agencies use, (blank), for supplying water directly to the fireground from auxiliary water sources such as ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, and swimming pools.

Portable fire pumps

On topo maps, the changes in the shape of contour lines and the distances between lines reflect the, (blank) of the terrain.

Slope

You can distinguish between summits and depression on a topo map by looking for, (blank), marks on the inside of closed contours that indicate depressions.

Tick Marks

A, (blank), map will show ridges & valleys.

Topographic map