SB 17 Chapter 27.1

The region of proximity between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of a second neuron is called the _____.

synapse

The gap between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons is called the: Multiple choice question. synaptic terminal synaptic cleft junction node of Ranvier

synaptic cleft

Which brain region maintains posture and balance? Multiple choice question. Medulla oblongata Cerebellum Thalamus Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Which ion is actively transported into the neuron in order for a nerve impulse to occur? Multiple choice question. Cl- K+ Na+ H+

K+

Which of the following is composed of nerves and lies outside of the central nervous system? Multiple choice question. Pre-sensory system Post-sensory system Limbic system Peripheral nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

The hypothalamus regulates many aspects of the human body related to homeostasis. From the list below select all of the aspects that the hypothalamus is associated with. Multiple select question. Regulation of hunger Visual and auditory reflexes Regulation of thirst Reasoning and logic Regulation of sleep Regulation of body temperature Regulation of water balance

Regulation of hunger Regulation of thirst Regulation of sleep Regulation of body temperature Regulation of water balance

A well known neurotransmitter that is abbreviated as ACh is ____.

acetylcholine

A ganglion is a collection of neuron _____ bodies outside of the central nervous system.

cell

The part of a neuron that contains the cell nucleus is the: Multiple choice question. synapse dendrite cell body axon

cell body

Interneurons carry impulses within the _____ nervous system.

central

Once the thalamus integrates information it will send it to the appropriate regions of the _____.

cerebrum

The part of the brain called the ______ functions in the capacity of communicator and coordinator for activities of the other parts of the brain.

cerebrum

When nerve impulses traveling along an axon reach the axon's terminal end, synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters into the synaptic _____.

cleft

Select the functions associated with the cerebral cortex. Multiple select question. interprets sensation initiates sensation voluntary movements higher thought processes sense of balance control of respiration

interprets sensation voluntary movements higher thought processes

Reflexes are ______. Multiple choice question. involuntary responses to stimuli only generated by receptors in the skin voluntary responses to stimuli

involuntary responses to stimuli

The covering on long axons of neurons is called the ______ sheath. Multiple choice question. central dendritic axonomic myelin

myelin

Consider the inside versus the outside of the axon: During an action potential at a particular location, Na+ ions move from the _____ of the axon to the _____ of the axon. When that stops, K+ ions move from the _____ of the axon to the _____ of the axon.

outside inside inside outside

All of the nerves surrounding the brain and spinal cord are part of the _____. Multiple choice question. lateral nervous system endocrine system peripheral nervous system central nervous system

peripheral nervous system Reason: The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.

A structure that is at the distant end of an axon of a sensory neuron is a sensory ______. Multiple choice question. organ receptor

receptor Reason: An organ is a collection of tissues and cannot be the same a part of a sensory neuron.

Involuntary responses to stimuli are called _____.

reflexes

Nerve impulses are carried from receptors in the body to the central nervous system by _____ neurons.

sensory

Fibers from the sympathetic division of the autonomic system arise from portions of the _____ _____.

spinal cord

An ion channel in a neuron cell membrane that always allows ions to cross the cell membrane is called a(n) ______ channel. Multiple choice question. gated unhinged restricted ungated unrestricted hinged

ungated

Match the letter on the left from the diagram with the region of the brain. A B C D

A Spinal cord B Pituitary C Corpus callosum D Cerebrum

Match the letter on the left from the diagram with its description on the right. A B C D E F

A cerebrum B thalamus C pineal gland D cerebellum E pons F medulla oblongata

Arrange the steps in order to describe what occurs when a person touches a hot object with respect to the reflex response involved.

A hot object is touched by skin of hand. Skin sensory receptors generate nerve impulses, which are sent to spinal cord. Transmission across a synapse occurs. Nerve impulses travel along motor neurons to effectors. Effectors bring about the response to move the hand.

Which process is responsible for the movement of neurotransmitters across a synaptic cleft? Multiple choice question. Exocytosis Diffusion Osmosis Active transport

Diffusion Reason: Active transport is the ATP fueled movement of substances across a plasma membrane by way of a membrane protein.

With respect to the sodium-potassium pump and the ion concentration gradient in neurons, select all of the choices below that are correct. Multiple select question. It actively pumps Na+ ions to the outside of the axon. It actively pumps K+ ions to the inside of the axon. It actively pumps K+ ions to the outside of the axon. It actively pumps Na+ ions to the inside of the axon.

It actively pumps Na+ ions to the outside of the axon. It actively pumps K+ ions to the inside of the axon.

As an axon is conducting a nerve impulse (action potential), which of the following is happening? Multiple select question. K+ cross through a opened gated channel from inside to the outside of the membrane reversing the positive condition; gated channel closes Na+ cross through an opened gated channel from outside to the inside of the membrane creating a positive condition; gated channel closes Na+ and K+ ions are moving across the membrane through opened gated channels at the same time, proving for a constant positive condition

K+ cross through a opened gated channel from inside to the outside of the membrane reversing the positive condition; gated channel closes Na+ cross through an opened gated channel from outside to the inside of the membrane creating a positive condition; gated channel closes

Depending on the type of neurotransmitter and receptor, neurotransmitters can have which of the following actions? Multiple select question. Promote excitation Promote inhibition Promote apoptosis

Promote excitation Promote inhibition

Which choice is correct with respect to the function of the somatic system? Multiple choice question. The somatic system conducts motor information to the CNS and sensory information away from the CNS. The somatic system conducts sensory information to the CNS and motor information away from the CNS.

The somatic system conducts sensory information to the CNS and motor information away from the CNS.

An action potential can occur due to an electrical charge difference across the membrane of a(n) _____.

axon, neuron, or cell

A nerve is a bundle of ______ in the peripheral nervous system. Multiple choice question. axons dendrites tracts

axons

A nerve is a bundle of ______ in the peripheral nervous system. Multiple choice question. dendrites tracts axons

axons

A white myelin sheath covers the long _____ of neurons.

axons

Once a neurotransmitter initiates a response it will Multiple choice question. be removed. increase in concentration. remain indefinitely.

be removed.

The spinal cord provides a means of communication between the _____ and the spinal nerves.

brain

The central nervous system includes the _____ and the _____ _____.

brain spinal cord

The brain is part of the ______ nervous system. Multiple choice question. peripheral simple lateral central

central

The part of the brain called the _____ receives sensory input from joints and muscles concerning the position of the body and its parts.

cerebellum

The part of the cerebrum that interprets sensation, initiates voluntary movement, and carries out higher thought processes is the ______. Multiple choice question. cerebellum cerebral cortex medulla oblongata diencephalon

cerebral cortex

Drugs that decrease the activity of the central nervous system are called _____.

depressants

Which of the following are components of the human peripheral nervous system? Multiple select question. spinal cord ganglia brain nerves

ganglia nerves

A collection of neuron cell bodies outside of the central nervous system is called a _____. Multiple choice question. ganglion tract nucleus nerve

ganglion

Nodes of Ranvier are ______ along a myelin coated axon. Multiple choice question. gaps special dendrites incomplete cell bodies tiny axons

gaps

Sleep, thirst, body temperature, and water balance are all regulated by the ______. Multiple choice question. thalamus cerebellum hypothalamus medulla oblongata

hypothalamus

Match the structure of the brain stem to its function. midbrain medulla oblongata pons

midbrain coordinates reflex responses in areas like the visual and auditory reflex centers medulla oblongata contains reflex centers for regulating heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure pons vital for the control of breathing

Nerve impulses are carried from the CNS to muscles and glands by _____ neurons.

motor

The neurons that carry impulses to muscles or glands are called ______. Multiple choice question. motor neurons interneurons sensory neurons

motor neurons

During saltatory conduction the action potential moves down a ____ axon. Multiple choice question. myelinated rough unmyelinated

myelinated

A bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system is called a _____. Multiple choice question. fiber nerve tract ganglion

nerve

The peripheral nervous system consists of all the _____ within the body that lie outside of the central nervous system.

nerves

The peripheral nervous system is outside of the central nervous system and contains _____, which are bundles of axons.

nerves

Select the three components of the brain stem. Multiple select question. pons midbrain medulla oblongata diencephalon cerebrum

pons midbrain medulla oblongata

A synapse exists where the terminal of a presynaptic neuron is in close proximity with the dendrite of a _____ neuron.

postsynaptic

The time following an action potential, when a neuron is unable to conduct another nerve impulse, is called the _____ period.

refractory

A pain receptor is an example of a _____ neuron.

sensory

Match the letter from the diagram with the correct type of neuron. A B C

sensory neuron interneuron motor neuron

Which of the following are served by the somatic system? Multiple select question. skeletal muscles tendons skin visceral organs

skeletal muscles tendons skin

Continuous conduction on an unmyelinated axon is ______ than saltatory conduction. Multiple choice question. faster slower

slower

In order for an axon to conduct a volley of nerve impulses a ____ number of ions are required. Multiple choice question. small large medium

small

During the refractory period that follows an action potential, ______ gates are unable to open. Multiple choice question. sodium potassium

sodium

There are separate gated channels for _____ ions and _____ ions in the neuron cell membrane.

sodium potassium

The brain stem serves as a connection between the _____ _____ and higher brain centers.

spinal cord

The part of the human central nervous system that is protected by the backbone is the ______. Multiple choice question. hypothalamus spinal cord thalamus brain

spinal cord

What is the origin of the axons of the nerves associated with the sympathetic division? Multiple choice question. cranial nerves spinal cord muscles

spinal cord

Drugs that increase the activity of the central nervous system are called _____.

stimulants

The _____ is a component of the diencephalon. It is on the receiving end of all sensory input except _____.

thalamus smell

Which part of the brain stem links another portion of the brain stem to the brain and is vital for the control of breathing? Multiple choice question. the medulla oblongata the midbrain the pons

the pons

Which part of the brain stem links another portion of the brain stem to the brain and is vital for the control of breathing? Multiple choice question. the midbrain the medulla oblongata the pons

the pons

The long, myelinated fibers of interneurons in the spinal cord that run together in bundles are called _____; they connect the spinal cord to the brain.

tracts

Bundles of long fibers of interneurons that run together in the spinal cord are called ______. Multiple choice question. tracts interneurons nerves neurons

tracts Reason: Nerves make up tracts.

Neurotransmitters traveling across the synaptic cleft are stored within a synaptic ________. Multiple choice question. cleft vesicle body terminal

vesicle

A reflex pathway in the somatic system may involve all of the following except: Multiple choice question. visceral organ motor neuron sensory neuron skeletal muscle interneuron

visceral organ

The electrical change across the membrane of an axon, which occurs as sodium ions flow into the cell and then potassium ions flow out, is called a(n) ______. Multiple choice question. refractory period saltatory conduction synaptic action action potential

action potential Reason: A synapse is the junction between neurons

The main, conducting, nerve fiber of a single neuron is also called its _____.

axon

This part of the brain has two hemispheres and a cortex. It is the: Multiple choice question. thalamus brain stem cerebrum cerebellum

cerebrum

Match the letter on the left from the diagram with the correct name of the part of a neuron. A B C D E F

dendrites myelin sheath cell body axon nodes of Ranvier axon terminal

The intensity of the message transmitted by an axon is dependent on ______ nerve impulses are traveling along its length. Multiple choice question. how large the how fast the how many how slow the

how many

Sensory receptors take nerve impulses to sensory _____, which forward those impulses to the central nervous system.

neurons

A chemical stored at the ends of an axon, which is responsible for transmission across a synapse, is a(n) _____.

neurotransmitter

Acetylcholine is a well known ______. Multiple choice question. enzyme carbohydrate cell membrane chemical neurotransmitter hormone

neurotransmitter

Norepinephrine is a well known ______. Multiple choice question. neurotransmitter carbohydrate enzyme illegal drug

neurotransmitter

A gap on a myelinated axon is called a(n) _____ of Ranvier.

node

A neurotransmitter that is abbreviated as NE is called _____.

norepinephrine

The area where a presynaptic neuron comes into close contact with a postsynaptic neuron is called a(n) ______.

synapse