science

When is the energy from sunlight captured?

During photosynthesis

How do marshes control flooding?

The plants that grow in the marsh take up a lot of water. The plant cell walls help to prevent them from bursting

How does chlorophyll help the functioning of chloroplasts?

Chlorophyll is responsible for capturing the light energy that the chloroplast uses to produce oxygen and glucose (sugar).

Why are most plants green?

Most plants are green because they contain the pigment chlorophyll (found in chloroplasts), which is used in photosynthesis.

Plant cells also break down glucose to release the energy they need to

grow and reproduce

Would you expect a plant to produce less oxygen on a sunny day or a cloudy day? Explain.

A plant would produce less oxygen on a cloudy day. The rate of photosynthesis would be reduced due to less available sunlight for the plant.

What is the difference between heterotrophs and autotrophs?

Autotrophs create their own food through the process of photosynthesis, whereas heterotrophs have to consume (eat or "take in") food.

What is one of the most important sugars produced in photosynthesis, and what is its chemical formula?

Glucose Chemical formula: C6H12O6

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been gradually increasing for many years. How might this increase affect photosynthesis?

It might help plants carry out more photosynthesis because carbon dioxide is a raw material for the process

Plants and algae that live in the water absorb approximately how much of the sun's energy that falls on Earth?

They absorb approximately one sixth of all the sun's energy.

Other heterotrophs, like fungi

absorb their food from other organisms.

What are the reactants in photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide and water

Plant cells use some of the glucose produced in photosynthesis for

food

When plants use the sun's energy during photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar, what is the by-product (waste product) that is given off?

oxygen

Then the plant cells break down sugar molecules in a process called

Cellular resperation

ow do you know an organism is a heterotroph? Name three heterotrophs.

Heterotrophs cannot get energy directly from the sun. They need to eat (consume) other organisms for food. Deer, wolves, and humans are three examples of heterotrophs.

What happens During Stage 2

The hydrogen combines with other atoms and the oxygen is released into the environment as a waste product.

Many heterotrophs obtain food by

eating other organisms.

What are the products of photosynthesis?

glucose and oxygen

the Greek word photos means

light

Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis below:

light energy + 6CO2+ 6H2O -> C6H12O6 +6O2

Cells in autotrophs capture energy in sunlight and use it to make food in a process called

photosynthesis.

. What are three types of organisms that can be autotrophs?

plants algae bacteria

Stage 2 of photosynthesis is when the cells do what?

produce sugar

the Greek word syntithenai, means

putting together.

During storms with heavy rainfall, such as hurricanes, marsh plants

soak up water like a sponge.

early all living things obtain energy directly or indirectly from the

sun's energy.

What happens During Stage 1

sunlight splits water molecules in the chloroplasts into hydrogen and oxygen.

True or False: The energy released from glucose can be used to carry out a plant's functions, such as growing and making seeds.

true

The hydrogen combines with other atoms during stage 2 and the oxygen is released into the environment as a

waste product

What does the arrow in a chemical equation mean?

yields

Approximately what percent of the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere (the air that we breathe) comes not from the trees around us, but from ocean plants?

85%

In a chemical equation, what is a product?

A product is the substance formed after a reaction takes place.

What are the roles of light, carbon dioxide, and water in the production of food and oxygen?

Light, carbon dioxide, and water are the raw materials or reactants for making food and oxygen as products during photosynthesis. Sunlight applies the energy needed for photosynthesis to take place. Carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose (sugar). Oxygen is released into the environment as a waste product of photosynthesis.

Ocean plants play a significant role in doing what?

Ocean plants play a significant role in recycling oxygen on Earth.

What happens to glucose and oxygen that is produced by plants during photosynthesis?

Plants use some of the glucose for growth and other functions, some to make other materials, such as cell walls, and some is stored for later use. Oxygen is released into the air.

Where does some of the oxygen get released from in the plant?

Some oxygen gas exits a leaf through openings (stomata) on the leaf's underside.

Explain what happens in the 2 different stages of photosynthesis.

Stage 1: Chlorophyll (found in chloroplast) captures the sun's energy, water is split into hydrogen and oxygen, and a small amount of oxygen gas is given off through pores (stomata) on the underside of the leaves. Stage 2: Hydrogen (from the splitting of water in stage 1) combines with carbon dioxide to produce glucose (sugar).

Where does a plant get the energy necessary to drive the chemical reaction in photosynthesis?

The energy comes from sunlight (or light).

Where does chloroplast's green color come from, what are they, and what do they do?

The green color comes from pigments, which are colored chemical compounds that absorb light.

Where does the hydrogen (H) that is considered a reactant come from in stage 1?

The hydrogen (H) came from splitting water molecules in stage 1.

When you eat a carrot or a potato, what are you actually eating?

The plant's stored energy

What are the raw materials, or reactants, for Stage 2 of photosynthesis, and where do these materials come from?

The reactants (or raw materials) are hydrogen (gotten when water was split in stage one), energy (absorbed from the sun in stage 1), and carbon dioxide from the air.

Where does the energy used by living things come from?

Their environment

Some glucose molecules are made into other compounds, such as

cellulose

. What do the rigid cell walls prevent from happening when the cell fills with water?

The rigid cell walls help to prevent plant cells from bursting like a balloon when filled with too much water.

What ability do marsh plants possess that make them so important?

Their ability to hold excess water is one reason that marsh plants are so important

Sugars are carbohydrates that are useful for storing

chemical energy or for building larger molecules.

Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction in plants that takes place mostly in

chloroplasts.

An organism that cannot make its own food is a

consumer, or a heterotroph.

True or False: Almost all the carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is produced by living things through the process of photosynthesis.

false should say oxygen

For this reason, marshland is considered a

natural flood control.

Molecules or substances found on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation are known as

products

. In a chemical equation, substances found to the left of the arrow are known as

reactants, or raw materials.

Plant cell walls appear like

small boxes

Other glucose molecules are _________________ for later use

stored in the cells

What three things must all be available in order for photosynthesis to occur?

sunlight water carbon dioxide

True or False: Plants and other photosynthetic organisms link molecules together into useful forms using photosynthesis.

true