Science 10: 9 - Acids & Bases & Salts
What are common acids and bases?
-CH3COOH =ethanoic acid or acetic acid =in vinegar -H2SO4 =sulphuric acid=automobile batteries -NaOH=sodium hydroxide=drain and oven cleaners -Mg(OH)2=magnesium hydroxide=antacids -HCl=hydrochloric acid=digestion in stomach
How are acids and bases named?
-H (hydrogen) on the left hand side of the formula. (except in acetic acid) -If no state of matter is given, the name may be begin with hydrogen, as in hydrogen chloride (HCl) -Suffix ate = ic acid -suffix ite = ous acid -Bases generally have OH on the right hand side of their chemical formulas. Common names of bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2).
What is a salt made up of?
A salt is made up of a positive ion from a base and a negative ion from an acid.
Which other compounds react with acids to produce salts?
Acids can also react with metals and carbonates to produce salts
What is the pH of an acid? of a base?
Acids have a pH below 7 and bases have a pH above 7. Neutral solutions have a pH of 7
What are acids and bases?
Acids produce hydrogen ions (H+) and bases produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in solution.
What is neutralization?
An acid and a base react to form a salt and water in a chemical reaction called a neutralization (acid- base) reaction. For example: HCl + NaOH ➔ NaCl + H2O acid + base ➔ salt + water
What are oxides?
An oxide is a chemical compound that includes at least one oxygen atom or ion along with one or more other elements. Both metals and non-metals can form oxides.
What solution do you create when you mix a strong acid with a weak base?
Bases will be created
Hydroxide ions cause the indicator in red litmus paper to turn what color?
Blue
What ions are formed by acids when dissolved in water (word and chemical formula)
Hydrogen ions (H+) which attach to water moleules and make hydronium ions H30+
What is litmus paper?
Litmus paper can determine whether a solution is acidic or basic. Blue litmus paper turns red in an acidic solution (below pH 7). Red litmus paper changes to blue in a basic solution (above pH 7),
What does ph measure (in values)?
Measure the range from 0 to 14. Acidic solutions have a PH of less than 7. Basic solutions have a PH of greater than 7 (Pure water is neutral - 7)
What is a metal oxide?
Metal oxides: A metal oxide is a chemical compound that contains a metal chemically combined with oxygen. A metal oxide, such as sodium oxide, combines with water to form a base (see below). Na2O(s) + H2O(l) ➔ 2NaOH(aq)(a base) sodium hydroxide The base can then react chemically with an acid to form a salt.
EXAMPLE OF ACID REACTING WITH METAL:
Metals: When metals react with acids to produce a salt, they usually release hydrogen gas, as shown below. 2HCl(aq) + Mg(s) ➔ MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
What is a non-metal oxide?
Non-metal oxides: A non-metal oxide is a chemical compound that contains a non-metal chemically combined with oxygen. A non-metal oxide, such as carbon dioxide, combines with water to form an acid. CO2(g) + H2O(l) ➔ H2CO3(aq) carbonic acid This acid can react chemically with a base to form a salt.
What are properties of a base?
TASTE: bitter TOUCH: feel slippery and burn skin INDICATOR TEST: Turns red litmus paper blue REACTION WITH METALS: no reaction ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY: Highly conductive pH: more than 7
What are properties of an acid?
TASTE: sour TOUCH: Burns INDICATOR TEST: Turns blue litmus paper red REACTION WITH METALS: Corrodes ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY: Highly conductive pH: Less than 7
What is pH?
Testing the pH of a solution is a way of measuring its concentration of hydrogen ions,
What is measured on the ph scale?
The PH scale of a solution indicates its concentration of h3o+ ions. The concentration of hydronium ions is related to the concentration of hydronium ions, OH-
EXAMPLE OF ACID REACTING WITH CARBONATE:
The chemical reaction between this acid and carbonate releases carbon dioxide gas, as shown below. H2SO4 + CaCO3 ➔ CaSO4 + H2O + CO2
What does the concentration of hydrogen ions refer to?
The concentration of hydrogen ions refers to the number of hydrogen ions in a specific volume of solution. Solutions with a high concentration of hydrogen ions are highly acidic. Similarly, solutions with a high concentration of hydroxide ions are highly basic.
What is a pH scale?
The pH scale is a number scale that indicates how acidic or basic a solution is.
What are the characteristics of acids?
They taste sour, cause indicators to change color, and conduct electric current. They are also corrosive and can damage materials.
Which ions are formed by bases when they dissolve in water?
When bases dissolve in water they form hydroxide ions, OH-. Bases that do not contain hydroxide ions react with water molecules to form hydroxide ions,
Define tiration and how is it reached
a method or process of detereming the conceration of a dissolved substance in terms the smallest amount of a reagent of known conceration required to bring the anytocal
define electrolyte
a substance that dissolves in water to give saolution that conducts an electric current
give three characters of a base
ammonia , biter, aniline
would you use and acid or base to tenderize meat
an acid
what is the name of the substances that is used to settle an upset stomach
antacid
name the acid present in orange juice
asorbic aicd
how is yogurt made
bacteria change lactose, a sugar in it is lactic acid milk and that is what makes yogurt
what color does base turn litums paper
blue
What ions are missing from salts?
cesium chlorine
give three uses of households bleach
colors , stains , sodium hypochlorte
explain how baking soda makes bisicuts rise
cuase when baking soda is mixed with water it makes the co2 realese and thats what make cake and biscuts rise
a substance that kils viruses and bacteria
disinfectant
if a substance conducts electricity is called a
electrolyte
give two characteristices that acid and bases share
hydronioum ions , acidic
give two uses for HCI
idetify , study
define equivalent point
is the point which chemically equivalent quanites of an acid and base have been mixed
name the sugar that is found in milk
lactic acid
define emulsify
make into or become an emulsion
are soaps and detergents ionic , covalent , polar, nonpolar, or molecue compounds
moleculer compounds
what cleaning compound is one of the main ingreidents in fertilizer
orgainic fertilizer
give two functions of an antioxidant
oxygen and citric acid
What is a pH indicator?
pH indicators are chemicals that change colour depending on the pH of a solution.
how is the infomation gathered by using an indactor diffrent fom using the ph scale
ph used to measure the acidity conceration
what color does acid turn litums paper
red
What are salts?
salts are a class of ionic compounds that can be formed during the reaction of an acid and a base.
differentiate between the ingredients in soap and detergent
soap is used for face wash and the oil and detergent is used for cleaning dirt and oil
give three charicters of an acid
sour, damage skin, electrice current
ions that do not chance during a chemical reaction is called?
spectator ions
to make milk curdle you add what substance to it?
such as vinegar
name the acid used in car batteries
sulfric acid
define corrosive
tending to cuase corrosion
What happens when an acidic solution is mixed with a basic solution?
the solutions can neutralize each other, which means that the acidic and basic properties are in balance.
what does it mean to neautrilze something.
to cuase an acidic suration to become neutral by adding a base to it or to uase a basic solutin to become neutral by adding any acid to it
What does acid do to litmus paper?
turns it red
what is and indactor use for
used for weak acids or alkalis
