Science 6th Grade part 2
Robert Hooke discovered cells in ____
1665
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
A scanning electron microscope is a microscope that sweeps a beam of electrons over the surface of an object to create a three-dimensional image of the object. Only surface of the specimen. Magnification ability of 60,000 times without clarity loss; 500,000 times with losing clarity.
Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)
A scanning tunneling microscope is a microscope that can show the arrangement of atoms on the surface of a molecule. Magnification to the atomic level. Tool for studying metal surfaces and DNA molecules.
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
A transmission electron microscope is a microscope that uses electrons that pass over or through an object in a vacuum to create an image that is two-dimensional. Magnification ability of hundreds of thousands of times. Ability to study parts of a cell.
The original cell theory has been expanded upon since it was first developed to include further additions due to advances in research on the cell. Which statements were not in the original cell theory, but are further explained by the modern cell theory? Check all that apply. All cells are similar in structure and function. Cell contains hereditary information that is passed from cell to cell during cell division. Living cells can be created from dead cells. All cells perform similar metabolic activities.
Cell contains hereditary information that is passed from cell to cell during cell division. All cells perform similar metabolic activities.
Structures of Prokaryotic Cells
Cell membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes DNA
Plant cells contain
Cell wall, Vacuole, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Mitochondrion, Cell membrane, Ribosome, and Chloroplast.
Choose the statements below that are true. Cells are the smallest unit of life. Cells are important to the structure and function of living things. All organisms are made of multiple cells. Cells come in different shapes and sizes.
Cells are the smallest unit of life. Cells are important to the structure and function of living things. Cells come in different shapes and sizes.
Using the drop-down menus, identify the structures common to all cells. Label A _____ Label B ____________ Label C __________ Label D ___________
DNA Cell membrane Ribosomes Cytoplasm
Common Cell Structures
DNA Cell membrane ribosomes cytoplasm
Which cell structures are seen in all cell types? Check all that apply. DNA cytoplasm nucleus ribosomes cell membrane
DNA cytoplasm ribosomes cell membrane
Which discovery supported the endosymbiotic theory? DNA in mitochondria DNA in the cell nucleus DNA in ribosomes DNA in the cytoplasm
DNA in mitochondria
The study of which structure was instrumental in the formulation of the modern cell theory? plant cell animal cell cell membrane DNA molecule
DNA molecule
A chemical has been found to harm the same components in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which components are those? DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes, and membrane-bound organelles DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and nucleus DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and membrane-bound organelles
DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
Use the drop-down menus to complete each sentence. __________ are organisms that contain more than one cell with membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. Organisms that contain only one cell and do not contain a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles are known as __________.
Eukaryotes prokaryotes
What was Rudolf Virchow's contribution to the cell theory? He concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells. He concluded that cells are the basic units of structure and function of all living things. He concluded that all organisms are composed of cells. He concluded that all cells are similar in composition and metabolic activities.
He concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells.
Which statement is most likely to apply to a cell that has DNA within its cytoplasm? It lacks ribosomes. It has membrane-bound organelles. It is multicellular. It performs all functions for the organism.
It performs all functions for the organism.
Identify the organelles labeled in an animal cell
Label A nucleus Label B lysosome Label C centrioles Label D cytoplasm Label E cell membrane Label F mitochondria
Identify the organelles in a plant cell
Label A vacuole Label B chloroplast Label C cell membrane Label D Golgi apparatus Label E endoplasmic reticulum Label F cell wall
endosymbiotic theory
Lynn Margulis validated theory theory explains the origin of two organelles found in eukaryotic cells: mitochondria and chloroplast similarities between organelles and prokaryotic cells were explained by endosymbiosis
Evidence supporting phagocytosis
Mitochondria and chloroplast contain their own ribosomes, grow and reproduce independently from cell, are the same size as prokaryotic cells, contain their own DNA
Which statement is evidence used to support the endosymbiotic theory? Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are surrounded by one membrane. Mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce similar to eukaryotic cells: through mitosis.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA.
Check the statements below that provide evidence for the endosymbiotic theory. The DNA in the nucleus and mitochondria are the same. Mitochondria and chloroplasts grow independently from the cell. Prokaryotic cells, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are all the same size. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own ribosomes.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts grow independently from the cell. Prokaryotic cells, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are all the same size.
Check the statements below that provide evidence for the endosymbiotic theory. The DNA in the nucleus and mitochondria are the same. Mitochondria and chloroplasts grow independently from the cell. Prokaryotic cells, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are all the same size. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own ribosomes.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts grow independently from the cell. Prokaryotic cells, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are all the same size. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own ribosomes.
Which best describes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)? Mitochondrial DNA is the same as nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited through the father. Mitochondrial DNA can be traced for generations. Mitochondrial DNA requires large amounts for testing.
Mitochondrial DNA can be traced for generations.
Is it possible today for a plant leaf cell to live without mitochondria and chloroplasts? Choose the best answer below. Yes, cells can live without mitochondria and chloroplasts. They can be replaced with other organelles. No, cells cannot live without mitochondria and chloroplasts; they provide the DNA the cell needs to survive. No, cells cannot live without mitochondria and chloroplasts; they provide the energy cells need to survive.
No, cells cannot live without mitochondria and chloroplasts; they provide the energy cells need to survive.
Is it possible today for a plant leaf cell to live without mitochondria and chloroplasts? Choose the best answer below. Yes, cells can live without mitochondria and chloroplasts. They can be replaced with other organelles. No, cells cannot live without mitochondria and chloroplasts; they provide the DNA the cell needs to survive. No, cells cannot live without mitochondria and chloroplasts; they provide the energy cells need to survive.
No, cells cannot live without mitochondria and chloroplasts; they provide the energy cells need to survive.
A student wonders whether removing the nucleus from a cell would result in a new prokaryotic cell. Why would this procedure fail to produce a prokaryotic cell? The cell would lack genetic information. The cell would lack the structure that is needed to produce energy. The cell would lack the structure that is needed to protect the cell's organelles. The cell would lack control over materials that move into and out of the cell.
Not C.
Through which microscope were cells first observed? simple microscope tunneling microscope compound light microscope electron microscope
Not C.
What do scanning electron microscopes and transmission electron microscopes have in common? Both generate three-dimensional images. Both offer magnification to the atomic level. Both are used to view the parts of a cell. Both require a vacuum.
Not C.
Which microscope did Robert Hooke use to study tree bark? electron microscope compound light microscope simple microscope scanning microscope
Not D.
Structures of Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus Cytoplasm Ribosomes DNA Cell membrane
Animal cells contain
Nucleus, Golgi apparatus, Cytoplasm, Ribosome, Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondrion, and Cell membrane.
Types of microscopes
Simple Microscope (SM) Compound Light Microscope (CLM) Electron Microscope (EM) Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)
You just read an article on the Endosymbiotic Theory. Based on what you read, what is the importance of the Endosymbiotic Theory? What did you include in your response? The origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts is explained. Both organelles were free-living prokaryotes ingested by primitive eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria and chloroplasts perform aerobic respiration; the host cell provides organic compounds for ATP production. Eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria and chloroplasts, but these organelles function similar to bacterium, which are prokaryotes.
The origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts is explained. Both organelles were free-living prokaryotes ingested by primitive eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria and chloroplasts perform aerobic respiration; the host cell provides organic compounds for ATP production. Eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria and chloroplasts, but these organelles function similar to bacterium, which are prokaryotes.
Termites share an endosymbiotic relationship with the protozoan that live in their gut. Which statements are true of this relationship? Check all that apply. The termite benefits from the relationship by receiving food from the protozoan. The protozoan benefits from the relationship by receiving shelter and food from the termite. Protozoan only exist inside termites.
The termite benefits from the relationship by receiving food from the protozoan. The protozoan benefits from the relationship by receiving shelter and food from the termite.
Use the drop-down menus to identify the scientists who match the descriptions below. ___________ found that animals are composed of cells. ___________ found that plants are composed of cells. ___________ looked at cork through a compound microscope. ___________ declared that all living cells can only come from other living cells. ___________ called living cells "animalcules."
Theodor Schwann found that animals are composed of cells. Matthias Schleiden found that plants are composed of cells. Robert Hooke looked at cork through a compound microscope. Rodolph Virchow declared that all living cells can only come from other living cells. Aton van Leeuwenhoek called living cells "animalcules."
Compound Light Microscope (CLM)
Uses a series of lenses that magnifies objects in steps. It's magnification ability is 400-1,000 times. a microscope that forms an image as light passes through two lenses, the eyepiece, and an objective
Electron Microscope (EM)
Uses electrons instead of light, allowing electrons to pass over or through an object to create an image. for digital images. It's magnification ability is 1,000,000 times.
Simple Microscope (SM)
Uses one lens. It's magnification ability is 10-500 times. a microscope that uses one lens for magnification
List the three components of traditional cell theory.
Which components did you include in your response? Cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living things. All organisms are made of cells. All cells come from preexisting cells.
Based on the endosymbiotic theory, what cell would result from the endosymbiosis of a cell with a cyanobacterium? a eukaryotic cell that can make its own food a prokaryotic cell that can make its own food an aerobic bacterium an anaerobic bacterium
a eukaryotic cell that can make its own food
cytoplasm
a jellylike substance that supports and protects organelles in a cell.
centrioles
a pair of cylindrical structures that are located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division.
chloroplast
a specialized organelle in green plant cells and some other photosynthetic organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.
cell wall
a strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria.
Which definition describes endosymbiosis best? a symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on the other organism and both organisms benefit a symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives inside the other and both organisms benefit a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits, while the other organism is harmed
a symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives inside the other and both organisms benefit
cell theory
a three-part theory stating that a cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all organisms, all organisms are made of cells, and all cells come from preexisting cells. Cells contain hereditary information that is passed from cell to cell during cell division all cells are similar in composition and metabolic activities
multicellular
a word used to describe an organism composed of many cells.
unicellular
a word used to describe an organism composed of one cell.
Complete the statement below using the drop-down menus. It is believed mitochondria evolved from ______________.
aerobic bacteria
Complete the statement below using the drop-down menus. It is believed mitochondria evolved from______ while chloroplasts evolved from_____
aerobic bacteria cyanobacteria
mitochondrion
an organelle that breaks down sugar molecules to supply energy to a cell.
lysosome
an organelle that contains digestive enzymes that break down waste material and debris in a cell.
nucleus
an organelle that directs cell activity, acting as the control center.
endoplasmic reticulum
an organelle that moves proteins and other substances through a cell.
Golgi apparatus
an organelle that packages and distributes proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum.
ribosome
an organelle that produces proteins for a cell.
cell membrane
an organelle that provides a protective layer around a cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell.
vacuole
an organelle used as temporary storage for water, waste products, food, and other cellular material.
Which descriptions apply to eukaryotic cells? Check all that apply. are usually multicellular contain a true nucleus contain membrane-bound organelles has DNA located in the cytoplasm
are usually multicellular contain a true nucleus contain membrane-bound organelles
Which descriptions apply to prokaryotic cells? Check all that apply. are usually single-celled contain a nucleus do not contain membrane-bound organelles have DNA located in cytoplasm
are usually single-celled do not contain membrane-bound organelles have DNA located in cytoplasm
What is the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms? mitochondrion DNA nucleus cell
cell
Which cell structures are seen in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? nucleus cell membrane mitochondria DNA ribosomes cytoplasm
cell membrane DNA ribosomes cytoplasm
Identify the structures in the cell pictured on the right (A structure of a cell) Label A Label B Label C Label D
cell membrane cytoplasm ribosomes DNA
Which is a part of the cell theory? cells come from pre-existing cells cells have a nucleus organisms with one cell must be seen with a microscope organisms must have more than one cell to live
cells come from pre-existing cells
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann concluded all living things are made of cells
concluded all living things are made of cells.
In which specimen were cells first identified? microorganism cork bark DNA mitochondrion
cork bark
while chloroplasts evolved from _________.
cyanobacteria
Robert Hooke described and named cells after viewing bark from an oak tree (cork)
described and named cells after viewing bark from an oak tree (cork)
Craig Venter
digital genetic code chromosome created and assembled in yeast chromosome transplanted into recipient bacterial cell cell transformed to new bacterial species
Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered single-celled organisms.
discovered single-celled organisms.
Which term describes the relationship in which one organism lives inside the other one. Check the correct answer. phagocytosis symbiosis endosymbiosis
endosymbiosis
Which type of cell is pictured on the right? (A structure of a cell) Which organisms are eukaryotes? animals plants archaea fungi
eukaryotic animals plants fungi
According to cell theory, which of the following are made of cells? Check all that apply. flowers rocks blood water bacteria sugar skin
flowers blood bacteria skin
Which was Ventor's contribution to science? discovered the existence of single-celled organisms invented the light microscope discovered the structure of DNA invented a synthetic cell
invented a synthetic cell
How is mitochondrial DNA used in science? Choose the correct answer. mtDNA is used to convict criminals by connecting the DNA found at a crime scene to relatives on the father's side. mtDNA is used to connect DNA samples to the mother in missing-person cases. mtDNA is used to match nuclear and mitochondrial DNA to victims of a crime scene.
mtDNA is used to connect DNA samples to the mother in missing-person cases.
How is mitochondrial DNA used in science? Choose the correct answer. mtDNA is used to convict criminals by connecting the DNA found at a crime scene to relatives on the father's side. mtDNA is used to connect DNA samples to the mother in missing-person cases. mtDNA is used to match nuclear and mitochondrial DNA to victims of a crime scene.
mtDNA is used to connect DNA samples to the mother in missing-person cases.
Mitochondrial DNA can be taken from bone, hair, or teeth and used in DNA typing. What are the benefits to using mitochondrial DNA over nuclear DNA? Check all that apply. mtDNA requires a much smaller sample than nuclear DNA. mtDNA is useful if the nuclear DNA is degraded. mtDNA is inherited from the mother and father's egg cells, unlike nuclear DNA. mtDNA is present in all maternal relatives of the person being investigated.
mtDNA requires a much smaller sample than nuclear DNA. mtDNA is useful if the nuclear DNA is degraded. mtDNA is present in all maternal relatives of the person being investigated.
Which was the first "cell" viewed by the light microscope? microbe atom DNA oak bark
oak bark
Which type of cell is pictured on the right? (A structure of a cell) Which organisms are prokaryotes? bacteria archaea sunflowers
prokaryotic bacteria archaea
A diseased cell is no longer able to produce proteins. Which cell structure is most likely malfunctioning? cell membrane cytoplasm ribosome mitochondrion
ribosome
Which microscope is often used to view metal surfaces? scanning electron microscope scanning tunneling microscope transmission electron microscope compound light microscope
scanning tunneling microscope
Which microscope did Anton van Leeuwenhoek use to observe single-celled organisms? simple microscope compound light microscope electron microscope tunneling microscope
simple microscope
cells
smallest unit of all living things all cells come from pre-existing cells cells have similar structure, including DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes and a cell membrane
The discovery of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) had no effect on which area of scientific investigation? endosymbiotic theory inheritance research forensic science study of cork bark
study of cork bark
An interaction between two organisms in which one usually benefits is known as _______.
symbiosis
Theodor Shwann confirmed
that all animals were composed of living cells.
Matthias Schleiden concluded
that all plants were composed of living cells.
Phagocytosis
the cellular process of engulfing solid particles by the cell membrane to form an internal vacuole in the cell.
Use the drop-down menus to match each phrase below with the type of microscope it describes. ________________ creates a two dimensional image. ________________ is used to study DNA molecules. ________________has magnification ability of up to 60,000 times without losing clarity. ________________ shows arrangement of atoms on surface of molecules. ________________ has magnification ability of hundreds of thousands of times.
transmission electron microscope (TEM) scanning tunneling microscope (STM) scanning electron microscope (SEM) scanning tunneling microscope (STM) transmission electron microscope (TEM)
