Science Chapter 4 Quiz

Distinguish between an egg and a zygote.

1) An egg is a single reproductive cell. It is the female gamete. 2) A zygote is a fertilized egg (an egg that has combined with a sperm cell).

Which is NOT true of homologous chromosomes? A The are identical. B They are in pairs. C They have genes for the same traits. D They have genes that are in the same order.

A The are identical

Gamete

A mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex. Sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

Budding

A new organism grows by mitosis and cell division on the body of its parent.

Regeneration

Another type of asexual reproduction occurs when offspring grows from a piece of its parent.

Somatic Cell

Any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.

Define the term vegetative reproduction in your own words.

Asexual reproduction in which offspring grow from a part of a parent plant.

Create a table showing the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction.

Asexual reproduction table.

Compare and contrast sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.

Asexual reproduction: 1. organism can reproduce quickly; 2. offspring are identical to parent; 3. ensures favorable traits are passed on; 4. parent does not need to waste energy finding a mate; 5. all offspring not, just females are able to reproduce. Sexual Reproduction: 1. increases genetic variation; 2. offspring have different traits that improve the chance that at least some offspring will survive (especially true if environment changes); 3. offspring are not genetically identical to parents so they may have traits that the parents do not have, making them more likely to survive. Both: 1. some organisms can reproduce both ways for example when conditions are favorable many plants and fungi will reproduce asexually. This lets them spread quickly and take over an area; 2. When the environmental changes, these organisms will switch to sexual reproduction; 3. This strategy increases the chance that the species will survive; 4. because of genetic variation, at least some of the offspring may have traits that help them make it through the environmental change.

Which is NOT true of asexual reproduction? A Many offspring can be produced rapidly. B Offspring are different from the parents. C Offspring have no genetic variation. D Organisms can reproduce without a mate.

B Offspring are different from the parents.

How do sea stars reproduce? A cloning B fission C animal regeneration D vegetative reproduction

C animal regeneration

Which results in genetic variation? A cloning B fission C sexual reproduction D vegetative reproduction

C sexual reproduction

If 12 reproductive cells undergo meiosis, how many daughter cells will result? A 12 B 24 C 48 D 60

C. 48 (4 * 12 = 48, 4 prior to meiosis)

Fission

Cell division in prokaryotes that form two genetically identical cells.

Haploid

Cells that have only one chromosome from each pair.

Diploid

Cells that have pairs of chromosomes.

Tissue culture is an example of which type of reproduction?

Cloning

Crabgrass can spread quickly because it reproduces asexually. Rapidly produce a large number of offspring.

Crabgrass reproduces asexually by vegetative reproduction. Use the figure below to explain why this form of reproduction is an advantage for the crabgrass.

What type of asexual reproduction includes stolons? A budding B cloning C animal regeneration D vegetative reproduction

D vegetative reproduction

Egg

Female sex cell

A bacterium can reproduce by which method?

Fission

Cell division in prokaryotes that forms two genetically identical cells is known as?

Fission

Vegetative Reproduction

Form of asexual reproduction in which offspring grow from a part of a parent plant.

Fission. It differs from sexual reproduction because it does not go through meiosis.

Identify the type of asexual reproduction shown in the figure above. How does it differ from sexual reproduction?

Form a hypothesis about the effect of a mistake in separating homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

If a zygote has too many or too few chromosomes, it will not develop properly. Resulting in gametes with too many or too few chromosomes.

Compare budding and cloning.

In budding, a new organism grows by mitosis and cell division on the body of its parent. The bud, or offspring, is genetically identical to its parent. Cloning is a type of asexual reproduction performed in a laboratory that produces identical individuals from a cell or from a cluster of cells taken from a multicellular organism. Both are asexual but budding produces offspring and cloning produces a copy.

Use the vocabulary words haploid and diploid in a sentence.

In meiosis, one diploid cell divides and makes four haploid sex cells.

Concept Map Labeling: 8. Reproduction; 9. Fertilization; 10. Egg cell (haploid); 11. Sperm cell (haploid); 12. Asexual; 13. Fission; 14. Budding; 15. Regeneration (also vegetative production and cloning)

Label Concept Map:

Sperm

Male sex cell

Which is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

Offspring with genetic variation are produced.

Meiosis

One diploid cell divides and makes four haploid sex cells. Meiosis occurs only during the formation of sex cells.

Asexual Reproduction

One parent organism produces offspring without meiosis and fertilization.

Homologous Chromosomes

Pairs of chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order.

Define/What is meiosis?

Process in which one diploid cell divides to make four haploid sex cells. It is sex cell division.

Fertilization

Process of an egg cell and a sperm cell joining together.

Distinguish between regeneration and budding.

Regeneration is when an animal loses a limb and that limb grows a whole new organism from itself using cell division. Budding is when a new organism grows by mitosis and cell division on the body of its parent.

What is a type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from two different cells combine, producing an offspring?

Sexual reproduction

Which statement best describes why genetic variation is beneficial to populations of organisms?

Species can better survive environmental changes.

C. Tissue culture (i.e. Plant Cloning)

The figure illustrates the first four steps of which reproductive process? A animal cloning B regeneration C tissue culture D vegetative reproduction

Zygote

The new cell that forms from fertilization.

Cloning

Type of asexual reproduction performed in a laboratory that produces identical individuals from a cell or from a cluster of cells taken from a multicellular organism.

Sexual Reproduction

Type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from two different cells combine producing an offspring.

a. Prophase I b. Metaphase I

What phase of meiosis is shown in the diagram? Which phase of meiosis comes after the phase in the diagram?

Anaphase II (Sister chromatids of each chromosome begin to separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cells.)

What stage of meiosis does the drawing illustrate? A anaphase I B anaphase II C prophase I D prophase II

B. Metaphase II (Sister chromatids line up along the center of the cell)

Which stage takes place before the one in the diagram above? A metaphase I B metaphase II C telophase I D telophase II

Budding

Which type of asexual reproduction is shown in the figure below?

Division of the nucleus and cytokinesis happens twice in. a. meiosis or b. mitosis?.

a. Meiosis

Which cell have only one copy of each chromosome?

haploid

Meiosis I separates ______________________ chromosomes and Meiosis II separates _____________________ chromatids.

homologous , sister

In which phase of meiosis II do sister chromatids line up along the center of the cell?

metaphase II