Science: Combined
Using Physical Properties: Describe three steps that can be used to identify a material:
*Decide which properties to test. *Do a test on a sample of the unknown. *Compare the results withdata reported for known materials.
How are evaporation and boiling different?
*Evaporation- is when a liquid turns into a gas, but it is under the boiling point. *Boiling point is when a liquid becomes a gas at the boiling point.
Alkaline Earth Metals
*Metallic elements in group 2 of the periodic table which are harder than the alkali metals and are also less reactive. *They have two valence electrons.
Formation of Ions: A sodium ion has 11 protons and 10 electrons... The sodium ion has a charge of ____.
+1
Alkali Metals: Alkali metals- Group 1A, they have a ____ valence electron.
1
The Modern Periodic Table- Periods: (The first element n the row has one electron in the next energy level.) H has 1 electron in the ____ energy level.
1
SI Units of Measurement: Complete the SI prefixes in with the missing information... *PREFIX (mega-) *SYMBOL (m) *MEANING (million (10^6) *MULTIPLY UNIT BY (____)
1,000,000
SI Units of Measurement: Complete the SI prefixes in with the missing information... *PREFIX (kilo-) *SYMBOL (k) *MEANING (thousand (10^3) *MULTIPLY UNIT BY (____)
1000
The modern periodic table contains approximately____ elements.
112
Limits of Measurements: Which two expression that has four significant figures... * 1.25 x 10^4 * 12.51 * 0.0125 * 0.1255
12.51; 0.1255
The atomic number of phosphorus (P) is ____.
15
Ionic Bonds: Transfer of Electrons> Sodium has ____ valence e- and chlorine has ____.
1; 7
The Alkaline Earth Metals: Metals in Group 2A are harder than ____.
1A
The Alkaline Earth Metals: Alkaline earth metals- Group 2A, have ____ valence electrons.
2
The Noble Gases: Helium has 2 valence electrons ans all the other noble gases have ____ valence electrons.
2
Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds: The ____ charge on one sulfide ion is balanced by the 1+ charge on ____ sodium ions.
2-; Two
The Modern Periodic Table- Periods: (The first element n the row has one electron in the next energy level.) Li has 1 electron in the ____ energy level.
2a
The Boron Family: Boron family- Group 3A, it has ____ valence electrons.
3
Using the Scientific Notation: What is the letter of the value that is expressed as 3 X 10^8: A) 300 B) 300,000 C) 30,000,000 D) 300,000,000
300,000,000
Crystal Lattice: Sodium chloride is arranged in an orderly, ____ structure.
3D
The Modern Periodic Table- Periods: (The first element n the row has one electron in the next energy level.) Na has 1 electron in its ____ energy level.
3a
The Carbon Family: Carbon Family- Group 4 it has ____ valence electrons.
4
The Nitrogen Family: Nitrogen family, Group 5 it has ____ valence electrons.
5
Crystal Lattice: Each DI ion is surrounded by 6 Na ions ans each Na ion is surrounded by ____CI ions.
6
The Oxygen Family: Oxygen family, Group 6 it has ____ valence electrons.
6
Atomic Mass: Carbon-12 atom, it has 6 protons and ____.
6 neutrons
Mendeleev's Periodic Table: Mendeleev needed to organize information in about ____ elements.
63
The Halogens: Halogen, Group 7 it has ____ valence electrons.
7
Classes of Elements: Generally elements with atomic number ____ do not occur naturally.
93
Other States of Matter: On Earth, almost all matter is a solid, liquid or gaseous state. But, ____the matter in the universe is plasma.
99 percent of all
Comparing Subatomic Particles: What's the expression that accurately compares the masses of neutrons and protons. A) Mass of 1 neutron = mass of 1 proton B) Mass of 2000 neutrons = mass of 1 proton C) Mass of 1 electron = mass of 1 proton D) Mass of 1 electron = mass of 1 proton
A
Electron Configuration: Which sentence that is true when all of the electrons in an atom are in orbitals with the lowest possible energies. A) The electrons are in the most stable configuration. B) The electrons are in an unstable configuration. C) The atom is in an excited state. D) The atom is in its ground state.
A B
Dalton's Atomic Theory: What represents the main points of Dalton's theory of atoms. A) All elements are composed of atoms. B) In a particular compound, atoms of different elements always combine the same way. C) All atoms have the same mass. D) Compounds contain atoms of more than one element.
A B D
Recognizing Chemical Changes: What are three examples of chemical changes?
A cake baking; Food being digested; Leaves on trees changing color.
Recognizing Chemical Changes: Which evidence of a chemical change... -A silver bracelet darkens when exposed to air-
A change in color.
Properties of Subatomic Particles: Why did Chadwick conclude that the particles produced by his experiment were neutral in charge?
A charged object did not deflect the paths of the particles.
covalent bond
A chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of valence electrons.
Observing Chemical Properties: What is a chemical property?
A chemical property is any property that produces a change in the composition of matter.
Group
A column on the periodic table.
polar covalent bond
A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally.
polyatomic ion
A covalently bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge and acts as a unit.
Percision
A gauge of how exact a measurement is.
Circle Graph description:
A graph consisting of a divided circle, with each "slice" representing a proportional fraction.
Line Graph description:
A graph in which a line is plotted to describe changes that occur in related variables.
Bar Graph description:
A graph that uses scaled bars to represent various measurements.
Suspension
A heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time.
How does scientific theory differ from a hypothesis?
A hypothesis is an untested explanation for an observation while a theory is a well tested explanation for a set of observations.
Conductivity
A materials's ability to allow heat to flow.
electron dot diagram
A model of an atom in which each dot represents a valence electron.
cation
A positively charged ion.
Using the Scientific Notation: Scientific notation expresses a value as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and____.
A power of ten.
Hypothesis
A proposed answer to a question.
Inverse proportion
A relationship in which the product of two variables is a constant.
Model
A representation of an object or event.
Period
A row on the periodic table.
Scientific Law
A statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature.
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Compound
A substance that is made from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances.
Science
A system of knowledge and the methods you use to find that knowledge.
Responding Variable
A variable that changes in response to a change in the manipulated variable.
The Big Ideas of Physical Science: Matter and Change?
A very small amount of the universe is matter. Building blocks of matter are Atoms.
Define: Theory
A well tested explanation for a set of observations
Scientific Theory
A well tested explanation for a set of observations or experimental results.
Organizing Data: The relationships that are direct proportions. A) distance traveled versus time at a constant speed B) the mass of a substance versus its volume C) the time to travel a given distance versus average speed D) the number of fingers in your classroom versus the number of people
A, B, D
Endothermic
Absorbs heat; (Of a chemical reaction or compound) occurring or formed with absorption of heat.
The Boron Family: Aluminum is the most ____ in Earth's crust.
Abundant metal
Rutherford's Atomic Theory
According to the model, all of an atom's positive charge is concentrated in its nucleus.
The series of elements that contains mostly man‐made elements:
Actinides
Ancient Greek Models of Atoms: The four elements that Aristotle included in his model of matter. A. Earth B. C. Fire D. Water
Air
Elements: Match each element to its correct symbol-- ALUMINUM *C *Al *Au
Al
Write the formula for the following ionic compounds... Aluminum oxide
Al2O3
Significant figures
All the digits that are known in a measurement, plus the last digit that is estimated.
The Boron Family: ____ is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust.
Aluminum
Write the names for the following ionic compounds.... AlBr3
Aluminum bromide
Energy and Phase Changes: Melting is an example of____.
An Endothermic Change.
ion
An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
Vaporization
An endothermic process; The change of state from a liquid to a gas. A substance must absorb energy in order to change from a liquid to a gas.
Controlled Experiment
An experiment in which only one variable, the manipulated variable, is deliberately changed at a time.
anion
An ion with a negative charge.
Define: Scientific Method
An organized plan for gathering, organizing and communicating its formation.
Formation of Ions: An atom that has a net positive or negative electric charge is called ____.
Anion
Group 5A, 6A,, and 7A will form ____ with a ____ charge.
Anion; Negative
Polyatomic Ions: Most simply polyatomic ions are ____.
Anions
The first list of elements and their characteristics was written by ____.
Antoine Lavoisier
Physical property
Any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material.
Isotopes
Are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons and different mass numbers.
Isotopes: What are isotopes?
Are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons and different mass numbers.
Explaining the Behavior of Solids: Vibration is a repetitive back-and-forth motion. Each atom vibrates ____ but it does not exchange places with a neighboring atom.
Around its location
How does the arrangement of water molecules change during melting and freezing?
As it melts water molecules become less orderly and more orderly as it freezes.
Science involves ___ about nature?
Asking questions
Vaporization and Condensation: (BOILING) The temperature at which water boils is the boiling point of water. The boiling point of a substance depends on the ____.
Atmospheric pressure.
Atomic Mass- Weighted Average: The value of the ____ on the periodic table in the periodic table is a weighted average.
Atomic Mass
There are ____ pieces of information for each element: 17 (Atomic Number) CI (Element Symbol) Chlorine (Element Name) 35.453 (____)
Atomic Mass
The Modern Periodic Table: The modern periodic table is based on ____.
Atomic number
Ancient Greek Models of Atoms: Democritus named the smallest particles of matter ____ because they could not be divided.
Atoms
The basic building blocks of matter are called?
Atoms
A covalent (molecular) compound is composed of 2 ____.
Atoms share a pair of valence electrons.
Explaining the Behavior of Liquids: The volume of a liquid is constant because forces of ____ close together.
Attraction keep the particles
Properties of Ionic Compounds: The arrangement of particles in a substance is the result of two opposing factors: The ____ among particles in the substance and ____ of the particles.
Attraction; Kinetic energy *The stronger the attraction among particles, the more kinetic energy the particles must have before they can separate.
Explaining the Behavior of Gases: Motion in Gases- There are forces of ____among the particles in all matter.
Attractions
Elements: Match each element to its correct symbol-- GOLD *C *Al *Au
Au
Properties of Subatomic Particles: What identifies a subatomic particle with a positive charge. A) Nucleus B) Proton C) Neutron D) Electron
B
Comparing Subatomic Particles: What properties that vary among subatomic particles. A) Color B) Mass C) Charge D) Location in the atom
B C D
Atomic Number and Mass Number: What identifies quantities that are always equal to an element's number. A) number of nuclei B) number of protons C) number of neutrons D) number of electrons
B D
Rutherford's Atomic Theory: What describes what happened when Marsden directed a beam of particles at a piece of old foil. A) Fewer alpha particles were deflected than expected. B) More alpha particles were deflected than expected. C) None of the alpha particles were deflected. D) Some alpha particles bounced back toward the source.
B D
Formation of Ions: When an atom going or loses an e-, the number of p+ is no longer equal to the number of e- The charge on the atom is not ____ and the atom is not ____.
Balanced; Neutral
Write the formula for the following ionic compounds... Beryllium chloride:
BeCl₂
Polar and Nonpolar Molecules: Why can nitrogen be stored as a liquid at low temperatures and high pressures.
Because attractions among nonpolar molecules
Polar and Nonpolar Molecules: Why can carbon dioxide exist as dry ice?
Because it looks like ice and because when it "melts" (it actually sublimes) it goes from solid straight to gas, no liquid.
Why does water have a higher boiling point than expected?
Because of the attractions between molecules
Science ___ with ___ and often ___ with ___?
Begins; curiosity; ends; discovery
Pressure: Changes in the volume, the temperature, the pressure, and the number of particles have predictable effects on the____of a gas.
Behavior
Metalloids: Metalloids are located on the periodic table ____.
Between the metals and nonmetals
SI Units of Measurement: Complete the SI prefixes in with the missing information... *PREFIX (giga-) *SYMBOL (g) *MEANING (____) *MULTIPLY UNIT BY (1,000,000,000)
Billion (10^9)
Scientist who study the origin and behavior of living things are called biologist, and the study of living things is know as?
Biology
Vaporization and Condensation: Scientists distinguish two vaporization processes ____.
Boiling and Evaporation.
Other States of Matter: At temperatures near-273 degree C, groups of atoms behave as though they are a single particle. This fifth state of matter is called____.
Bose-Einstein condensate(or BEC)
Nonmetals: If solid at room temperature, tend to be ____.
Brittle
Describing the States of Matter: The atoms in liquids are close together,____ than the arrangement of atoms in a solid.
But their arrangement is more random
Elements: Match each element to its correct symbol-- CARBON *C *Al *Au
C
Isotopes: All oxygen atoms have 8 protons. What letter of the number of neutrons in an atom of oxygen-18. A) 8 B) 9 C) 10 D) 18
C
Organizing Data: The place on a graph where the manipulated variable is generally plotted. A) the y-axis B) the rise C) the x-axis D) the run
C
Rutherford's Atomic Theory: What states what Rutherford concluded from the gold foil experiment. A) An atom's negative charge is concentrated in its nucleus. B) Thomson's model of the atom was corrected. C) An atom's positive charge is concentrated in its nucleus. D) An atom's positive charge is spread evenly throughout the atom.
C
Organizing Data: The tools that scientists use to organize their data. A) the Internet B) newspaper C) tables D) graphs
C, D
Write the formula for the molecular compound: Cardon tetrachloride- ____
CCl4
The Alkaline Earth Metals: ____- your body needs this for bones and teeth.
Calcium
Polar and Nonpolar Molecules: In a carbon dioxide(CO2) molecule, the Polar Bonds between the carbon atom and the oxygen atoms ____ because the (molecule is linear).
Cancel Out
The Carbon Family: Except for water, most of the compounds in your body contain____.
Carbon
The Carbon Family: Except for water, most of the compounds in your body contains ____.
Carbon
Write the name for the following molecular compounds: CO2- ____
Carbon dioxide
Mendeleev's Periodic Table: Mendeleev's strategy for classifying elements was modeled on a(n)____.
Card game or solitaire
Polyatomic Ions: Ammonium is a ____ NH4.
Cation
Formation of Ions: If an atom loses an e-, it will become positive and is called a ____.
Cation ( Non metals change their name by Ide).
Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds: If you know the name of an ionic compound, you can write its formula. Place the symbol of the ____ first, following by the symbol of the ____.
Cation; Onion
Group 1A, 2A, and 3A will form ____ with a ____ charge.
Cation; Positive
Ionization Energy: ____ form when electrons gain enough energy to escape from atoms.
Cations
Recognizing Chemical Changes: Which are the evidence for a chemical change... *change in color *a filter trapping particles *the production of a gas *the formation of a solid precipitate
Change in color; The production of a gas; The formation of a solid precipitate
Is a Change Chemical or Physical? When matter undergoes a chemical change, the composition of the matter____.
Changes
Formation of Ionic Bonds: When an anion and cation are close together, a ____ bond forms between them.
Chemical
Recognizing Chemical Changes: A(n)____change occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances.
Chemical
The Halogens: Halogens have similar ____ properties but different physical properties.
Chemical
The Modern Periodic Table- Groups: An element's electron configuration determines its ____ properties.
Chemical
Formation of Ionic Bonds: A ____ is the force that holds atoms or ions together as a unit.
Chemical bond
Ionic Compounds: The properties of an ionic compound can be explained by the strong attractions among ions within a crystal. A ____ is a notation that shows what elements a compound contains and the ratio of the atoms or ions of theses elements in the compound
Chemical formula
Stable Electron Configuration: The ____ properties of an element depend on the number of the ____ electrons.
Chemical; Valence
The Halogens: List the four nonmetals in Group 7A; Fluorine, Bromine ____, and Iodine.
Chlorine
Variation Across a Period: What Period 3 element that is highly reactive, sodium and ____.
Chlorine
Mendeleev's Periodic Table: What are two elements that have similar properties...
Chlorine(CI) and Bromine(Br)
Unequal Sharing of Electrons: In a hydrogen chloride molecule, the shared electrons spend more time near the ____ atom than near the ____ atom.
Chlorine; Hydrogen
Atomic number 27 represents which element?
Cobalt
Kinetic Theory of Gases: Part of Kinetic Theory's 3 main points- The motion of one particle is unaffected by the motion of other particles unless the particles____.
Collide
The Noble Gases: The Noble gases are ____ and odorless ans extremely unreactive.
Colorless
Bar Graph is used for:
Comparing sets of measurements or changes.
Atomic Mass: Carbon-12 atom, it is used as a standard for ____ of atoms.
Comparing the masses
Noble Gases
Completely nonreactive family of nonmetals; They are colorless and orderless and have 8 valence e-; all are gases at room temperature.
Examples of Physical Properties: A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the____of the substances in the material.
Composition
Vaporization and Condensation: What is the phase change in which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a liquid?
Condensation
The Boron Family: Aluminum is a good ____ current.
Conductor of electric
The kinetic theory of matter says that all particles of matter are in ____motion.
Constant
Halogens
Contains nonmetals, 7 valence electrons in it's outermost energy level. Very reactive.
Colloid
Contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in a solution and the larger particles in a suspension. Like solutions, this doesn't separate into layers. You cannot use a filter to separate the parts of this.
SI Units of Measurement: A ratio of equivalent measurements that is used to convert a quantity expressed in one unit to another unit is called____.
Conversion factor
Recognizing Chemical Changes: (Clue) Change in color What an example?
Copper roof changing color from red to green when exposed to moist air.
Identify the name of the bond in the following compound: N N ____ bond
Covalent
Covalent Bonds: A ____ is a chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of ____ electrons.
Covalent bond; Valence
Polyatomic Ions: A ____ bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge and acts as a unit is a ____.
Covalentley; Polyatomic ion
The ions in an ionic solid such as sodium chloride are arranged in a ____ lattice.
Crystal
Crystal Lattice: Solids whose particles are arranged in a lattice structure are called ____.
Crystals
Ionic Compounds: Solids whose particles are arranged in a lattice structure are called____.
Crystals
Write the formula for the following ionic compounds... Copper (II) nitride:
Cu3N2
The questions that lead to scientific discovery are provided by?
Curiosity
Science from curiosity.
Curiosity is the basis of science.
Bohr's Model of the Atom: What sentence tells how Bohr's model of the atom differed from Rutherford's model. A) Bohr's model focused on the nucleus. B) Bohr's model focused on the protons. C) Bohr's model focused on the neutrons. D) Bohr's model focused on the electrons.
D
The simplest way to organize data is to present them in an____.
Data table
Trends for ionization energy: Ionization energies tend to ____ from the top of a group to the bottom.
Decrease
Rutherford's Atomic Theory: RUTHERFORD'S HYPOTHESIS... (This is what Rutherfordhypothesized would happen to the paths of alpha particles as they passed through a thin sheet of gold.) Particles that did not pass straight through would be ____.
Defected only slightly
Explaining the Behavior of Solids: Solids have a____ volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations.
Definite
Limits of Measurements: Calculate the density if the mass of a solid material is measured as 15.00 grams and its volume is measured as 5.0 cm^3? Round off your answer to the proper number of significant figures.
Density = 15.00 g/5.0 cm^3 = 3.3 g/cm^3.
Sublimation and Deposition: What is the phase change when a gas or vapor changes directly into a solid without first changing to a liquid. (ex. frost on windows)
Deposition
The Combined Gas Law
Describes the relationship among the temperature, pressure, volume of a gas when the number of particle is constant.
A ____ molecule happens when to atoms of the same nonmetal bond together.
Diatomic
Molecules of Elements: Many nonmental elements exist as ____ molecules.
Diatomic
Write the name for the following molecular compounds: P2F4- ____
Diphosphorus TetraFloride
Charles's Law- States that the volume of a gas is____ proportional to its temperature in kelvins if the pressure and the number of particles of the gas are constant.
Direct
Length
Distance between two points.
Classes of Elements: An important property of transition elements is their ability to form compounds with____.
Distinctive colors
Transition Metals: Many transition metals form compounds with ____.
Distinctive colors
Polar and Nonpolar Molecules: In a water(H2O) molecule, the polar bonds between the oxygen atom and the hydrogen atoms ____ because the (molecule is bent),
Do Not Cancel Out
Explaining the Behavior of Liquids: The particles in a liquid are more closely packed than the particles in a gas. Therefore, attractions between the particles in a liquid____ of the particles.
Do affect the movement
Temperature and Phase Changes: The temperature of a substance____ during a phase change.
Does not change
Multiple Covalent Bonds: When 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electrons, the bond id called a ____ bond.
Double (O2 0=0)
MOST of the elements were discovered ____.
During the last 300 years.
Ionization Energy: The lower the ionization energy, the ____ it is to remove an electron from an atom.
Easier
How does the energy of a system change during phase change?
Either absorbed from its surroundings or released to its surroundings.
Covalent Bonds: Electrons sharing can be shown in 2 ways..... ____ the bond is shown by a pair of dots in the space between the symbols.
Electron Dot Model (H:H)
Stable Electron Configuration: The ____ is a model of an atom in which each dot represents a ____.
Electron dot diagram; Valence electron
Properties of Subatomic Particles: What are the 3 subatomic particles? A. Protons B. C. Neutrons
Electrons
Ionization Energy: An ____ can move to a higher energy level when an atom ____ energy
Electrons; Going
Atomic Mass: There are 4 pieces of information for each element this being Chlorine: 17 (Atomic Number) CI (____) Chlorine (Element Name) 35.453 (Atomic Mass)
Element Symbol
The basic building blocks of all substances are known as ____.
Elements
Pure Substances: The two categories of pure substances are____ and compounds.
Elements and Compound
Metals
Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat.
Nonmetals
Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current.
Transition Metals
Elements that form a bridge between elements on the left and right sides of the periodic table.
Metalloids
Elements with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals.
The Search for Order: What category that the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier used to classify elements?
Elements, metals and nonmetals
Sublimation and Deposition: Deposition is an____process.
Endothermic
Vaporization and Condensation: Vaporization is an ____ process.
Endothermic
Energy and Phase Changes: ____is either absorbed or released during a phase change.
Energy
Describe: Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion.
Vaporization and Condensation: What is the process that changes a substance from liquid to a gas at temperatures BELOW the substances boiling point.
Evaporation
Characteristics of Phase Changes: What are six common phase changes?
Evaporation; Condensation; Freezing; Melting; Sublimation; and Deposition
Factors That Affect Gas Pressure: Volume- (Ex): Lungs, The volume decreases when you____. The pressure increases and air flows to your lungs.
Exhale
Vaporization and Condensation: Condensation is an____ process.
Exothermic
Thomson's Model of the Atom
Experiments provided the first evidence that atoms are made of even smaller particles.
Scientific Notation
Expressing the value as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10.
Atomic Mass: The mass of an atom in grams is ____.
Extremely
Classes of Elements: Some nonmetals are ____ and others hardly react at all.
Extremely reactive
The Noble Gases: Name three characteristics of noble gases; Colorless, Odorless, and ____.
Extremely unreactive
Metalloids: Elements with properties that ____those of metals and nonmetals
Fall between
Atomic Number and Mass Number: Two atoms of the same element can have different numbers of protons.
False
Atomic Number and Mass Number: Two different elements can have the same number.
False
Electron Cloud Model: Scientists use the electron cloud model to describe the exact location of electrons around the nucleus.
False
Isotopes: Isotopes of oxygen have different chemical properties
False
Factors That Affect Gas Pressure: Temperature- With increases kinetic energy, the particles move____more often with the inner wall. The faster moving particles also hit the walls with greater force.
Faster and collide
Kinetic Theory of Gases: The constant motion of particles in a gas allows a gas to____ of any shape or size.
Fill a container
Using Properties to Separate Mixtures: Two processes that are commonly used to separate mixtures are____and____.
Filtration; Distillation
Science involves ___ ways to ___ questions.
Finding answer
Mixtures: The properties of a mixture vary because the composition is not____.
Fixed
Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids: Which is before each example of a colloid? *windshield wiper fluid *fog *homogenized milk
Fog and Homogenized milk
The Big Ideas of Physical Science: Forces and Motion?
Force causes change in motion.
Polar and Nonpolar Molecules: In a molecular compound, there are ____ if attraction between molecules.
Forces
Recognizing Chemical Changes: (Clue) Production of gas What an example?
Formation of carbon dioxide gas when vinegar is added to baking soda.
Recognizing Chemical Changes: (Clue) Formation of precipitate What an example?
Formation of cottage cheese curds when acid is added to milk.
There are ____ pieces of information for each element.
Four
Energy and Phase Changes: Freezing is an example of an ____.
Freezing
Melting and Freezing: What occurs as the average kinetic energy of its molecules decreases, they move more slowly. The molecules move slow for the force of attraction to have an effect between molecules. When all the molecules have been drawn into an ORDERLY ARRANGEMENT, this is complete.
Freezing
Energy and Phase Changes: What is another term for melting?
Fusion
Explaining the Behavior of Gases: During a collision, one atom may lose kinetic energy and slow down while the other atom ____ kinetic.
Gains
Mendeleev's Periodic Table: What elements that where discovered after Mendeleev published his periodic table that supported Mendeleev's predictions and provided evidence validating the table.
Gallium, germanium and scandium
Describing the States of Matter: ____is the state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
Gas
Condensation
Gas to liquid; A phase change in which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a liquid. (ex.)When you come out of the shower to find your bathroom mirror clouded over. The fog on the mirror is caused by water vapor that cooled as it came in contact with the mirror.
Deposition
Gas to solid; When a gas or vapor changes directly into a solid without first changing to a liquid. (ex.) This is what causes frost on your windows and is an exothermic phase change. When water vapor in the air comes in contact with cold window glass, the water vapor loses enough kinetic energy to change directly from a gas to a solid.
Formation of Ions: When an atom ____ or ____ an e-, the number of p+ is no longer equal to the number of e-
Going; Loses
Metals: Metals are ____ of electric current and heat.
Good conductors
Atomic Mass: The mass of an atom of chlorine-37 is ____ than the mass of an atom of chlorine-35.
Greater
Unequal Sharing of Electrons: In general, elements on (right side have a ____ attraction for electrons) than those on the left side (except for noble gases).
Greater
Factors That Affect Gas Pressure: Number of Particles- The more particles there are in the same volume, the ____ and the greater the pressure. (ex.) tire pressure
Greater the number of collisions
Pressure: The more frequent the collisions, the ____ of the gas is.
Greater the pressure
Congeners are elements that have similar properties and are found in the same ____.
Group
The Modern Periodic Table- Groups: Column on the periodic table is called a ____.
Group
Variation Across a Period: The most reactive nonmetals are on the right side in ____.
Group
The vertical columns of the periodic table are known as ____.
Groups
Metals: Transition metals are (____).
Groups 3-12
Write the formula for the molecular compound: Dihydrogen monoxide- ____
H2O
Molecules of Elements: ____ form diatomic molecules since they have 7 valence electrons and if both share one e-, they have a total of 8 e-.
Halogens
Plasma
Has extremely high temperatures, such as those found on the sun or other stars.
In general, metals are ____.
Have High electrical and thermal conductivities.
In general, nonmetals are ____.
Have Low electrical and thermal conductivities
Mendeleev's Periodic Table: Mendeleev published the table above in 1872. Why did Mendeleev leave some locations in his periodic table blank?
He left room for undiscovered elements.
Mendeleev's Periodic Table: How did Mendeleev decide where to place arsenic (As) and selenium (Se)?
He placed them where they fit best based on their properties.
Classes of Elements: Nonmetals are poor conductors of ____.
Heat and electric current.
Vaporization and Condensation: The____ is the amount of energy a substance must absorb in order to change from a liquid to a gas.
Heat of Vaporization
Isotopes: Water that contains hydrogen-2 atoms instead of hydrogen-1 atoms is called ____.
Heavy water
Covalent Bonds: In a covalent bond, the atoms are ____ by the attractions between the shared electrons and the protons in each nucleus.
Held together
Properties of Ionic Compounds: Ionic compounds like NaCI have ____ melting points.
High
Most ionic solids typically have ____ melting points; cannot conduct electricity unless they are ____ or ____.
High; Melted, liquid
Valence Electrons: A valence electrons is an electron that is the ____ occupied energy level of an atom.
Highest
The Halogens: Halogen are ____ nonmetal, with fluorine being the most reactive and chlorine a close second.
Highly reactive
Line Graph: In a graph, the manipulated variable is generally plotted on the____ axis or ____axis
Horizontal; X
The Alkaline Earth Metals: Ca, Sr, and Ba react easily in cold H20. Mg will react in ____ H20.
Hot
Atomic Orbitals: An electron model is a good approximation of ____.
How electrons behave in their orbitals.
Mendeleev's Periodic Table: The close match between Mendeleev's predictions and the actual properties of new elements showed____.
How useful his periodic table could be.
Explaining the Behavior of Liquids: ____, there is a kind of tug of war between the constant motion of particles and the attractions among particles.
In a liquid
Rutherford's Atomic Theory: RUTHERFORD'S HYPOTHESIS... (This is what Rutherfordhypothesized would happen to the paths of alpha particles as they passed through a thin sheet of gold.) Most particles would travel ____ from their source to a screen that lit up when struck.
In a straight line
The transition elements are located ____.
In central section of the periodic table
The alkali metals are located of the periodic table are____.
In the far left column.
Factors That Affect Gas Pressure: Temperature- The increase in the number of collisions along with the increase in the force of the collisions cause an increase____ of the air inside.
In the pressure
Trends for ionization energy: Ionization energies tend to ____ from left to right across a period.
Increase (It takes more energy to remove an electron to a non metal. Metals are the givers non metals are the takers).
Factors That Affect Gas Pressure: Temperature- Raising the temperature of a gas will ____ if the volume of the gas and the number of particles are constant.
Increase its pressure
Factors That Affect Gas Pressure: Number of Particles- Increasing the number of particles will ____ if the temperature and the volume are constant.
Increase the pressure of a gas
Factors That Affect Gas Pressure: Temperature- As the temperature rises, the average kinetic energy of the particles in the air ____
Increases
The Alkali Metals: The reactivity of alkali metals ____ from the top of Group 1A to the bottom.
Increases
The Modern Periodic Table- Periods: The number of elements in a period varies because the number of availability orbitals ____ from energy level to energy level.
Increases
Factors That Affect Gas Pressure: Volume- Reducing the volume of a gas ____of the gas and the number of particles are constant.
Increases its pressure if the temperature
The Periodic Law: In the modern periodic table,elements are arranged by ____ number of protons.
Increasing
The Periodic Table: In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged by ____ ____ ____(number of protons
Increasing atomic number.
Mendeleev's Periodic Table: Mendeleev arranged the elements into rows in order of ____ so that elements with similar properties were in the same column.
Increasing mass
Define: Observation
Information that you obtain through your senses.
Observation
Information that you obtain through your senses.
Factors That Affect Gas Pressure: Volume- (Ex): Lungs, The volume increases when you____. The pressure decreases and air flows to your lungs.
Inhale
Thermometer
Instrument that measures temperature, or how hot an object is.
An element's atomic number is always a(n)____.
Integer
How are science and technology related?
Interdependent
Mendeleev's proposal, he arranged the elements ____ in order of increasing mass so that elements with similar properties were in the same column.
Into rows
Boyle's Law- States that the volume of a gas is____proportional to its pressure if the temperature and the number of particles are constant.
Inversely
Describing Ionic Compounds: The name of an ____ compound must distinguish the compound from other compounds containing the same elements.
Ionic
Identify the name of the bond in the following compound: Na Cl ____ bond
Ionic
Formation of Ionic Bonds: An ____ is the force that holds cations and anions together.
Ionic bond
Polar and Nonpolar Molecules: These attractions are not as strong ____ bonds, but they are strong enough to hols molecules together in a ____ or ____.
Ionic; Liquid; Solid
Ionization Energy: The amount of energy used to remove an electron is called ____.
Ionization energy, also called ionization potential
Crystal Lattice: The shape of an ionic crystal depends on the arrangement of ____ in its lattice.
Ions
Observing Chemical Properties: Why isn't iron used to make coins?
Iron is highly reactive in the presence of oxygen and water.
Covalent Bonds: Describe a covalent bond.
Is a chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of valence electrons.
Unequal Sharing of Electrons: Describe a polar covalent bond.
Is a covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally.
Unequal Sharing of Electrons: Describe a polar covalent bond:
Is a covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally.
Nucleus
Is a dense, positively charged mass located in the center of the atom.
Rutherford's Atomic Theory: What is an alpha particle?
Is a fast-moving particle that carries a positive charge.
alloy
Is a mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal; Have the characteristic properties of metals.
Electron
Is a negatively charged subatomic particle that is found in the space outside the nucleus.
Covalent Bonds: Describe a molecule.
Is a neutral group of atoms that are joined together by one or more covalent bonds.
Covalent Bonds: Describe a molecule:
Is a neutral group of atoms that are joined together by one or more covalent bonds.
molecule
Is a neutral group of atoms that are joined together by one or more covalent bonds.
Neutron
Is a neutral subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom.
chemical formula
Is a notation that shows what elements a compound contains and the ratio of the atoms or ions of these elements in the compound.
Proton
Is a positively charged subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom.
Conversion Factor
Is a ratio of equivalent measurements that is used to convert a quantity expressed in one unit to another unit.
Orbita
Is a region of space around the nucleus where an electron is likely to be found.
Direct proportion
Is a relationship in which the ratio of two variables is constant.
Measurement: What is SI?
Is a set of metric units used by scientists.
Define: Science
Is a system of knowledge and the method you use to find knowledge.
What does atomic mass mean?
Is a value that depends on the distribution of an element's isotopes in nature and the masses of those isotopes.
Electron cloud
Is a visual model of the most likely locations for electrons in an atom.
Electron Cloud Model: What is an electron cloud?
Is a visual model of the most likely locations for the electrons in an atom.
Valence Electron
Is an electron that is in the highest occupied energy level of an atom.
Electron Configurations: What is an electron configuration?
Is the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom.
metallic bond
Is the attraction between a metal cation and the shared electrons that surround it.
chemical bond
Is the force that holds atoms or ions together as a unit.
ionic bond
Is the force that holds cations and anions together; Forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
Mass number
Is the number of an atom is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of that atom.
Atomic number
Is the number of an element equals the number of protons in an atom of that element.
Atomic Number and Mass Number: What is the mass number of an atom?
Is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of that atom.
Define: Technology
Is the use of knowledge to solve practical problems.
Atomic Orbitals: What is the relationship between of orbitals and the maximum number of electrons in energy level?
Is twice the number of orbitals
The Noble Gases: How can an element that does not react easily with other elements be useful?
It can be used to prevent reactions with such highly reactive elements as oxygen.
Communicating Data: Why is peer review an important part of scientific research?
It encourages feedback from other scientists and helps researchers to reevaluate their data.
Alkali Metals
It has single valence electrons and are extremely reactive. They are elements in group 1A.
Elements: What is an element?
It is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Measurement: Why is scientific notation useful?
It makes a very large or very small numbers easier to work with.
Thomson's Model of the Atom: What happened to the beam when Thomson placed a pair of charged metal plates on either side of the glass tube?
It was attracted by the positively charged plate and repelled by the negatively charged plate.
Covalent Bonds: Describe a covalent bond:
It's a chemical bond in which 2 atoms share a pair of valence electrons.
What's the formula used to convert degrees Celsius to kelvins?
K = C degree + 273
Measuring Temperature: What's the unit of temperature in SI? * Degree Fahrenheit (F degree) * Degree Celsius (C degree) * Candela (cd) * Kelvin (k)
Kelvin (k)
The formula for is: Pascals are usually written as ____, since one pascal is a small amount of pressure.
Kilopascals
Explaining the Behavior of Liquids: Particles in liquids also have____ energy.
Kinetic
____is the energy an object has due to its motion.
Kinetic Theory
The Big Ideas of Physical Science: Energy?
Kinetic or Potential. Energy exists in many forms.
Transition Metals: They are elements that form a bridge between the elements on the ____ and ____ sides of the table.
Left and Right
Variation Across a Period: The most reactive metals are on the ____.
Left side of the table.
SI Units of Measurement: Matching the SI base unit with the quantity that is used to measure.... SI Base Unit (meter) Quantity is?
Length
Variation Across a Period: Across a period from left to right, the elements become ____ metallic and more nonmetallic in their properties.
Less
Variation Across a Period: Across a period from left to right, the elements become ____ and more nonmetallic in their properties.
Less metallic
Write the formula for the following ionic compounds... Lithium fluoride:
LiF
Evaporation
Liquid to gas; The process that changes a substance from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below the substance's boiling point.
Describing the States of Matter: ____ is the state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but not a definite shape.
Liquids
The kinetic theory was developed to explain the behavior of gases. It can also help to explain the behavior of ____.
Liquids and solids.
Life Science focuses on ___?
Living things
Nonmetals: Many have ____ boiling points- are set at room temperature.
Low
Attraction Between Molecules: Attractions among nonpolar molecules explain why nitrogen can be stored as a liquid at ____ and high pressures.
Low temperatures
The Alkaline Earth Metals: ____ plays key role in the process that uses sunlight to produce sugar in plants. Magnesium is in the center of chlorophyll.
Magnesium
The element with atomic number 12 is ____.
Magnesium
Write the names for the following ionic compounds.... MgO
Magnesium oxide
Metals: The ____ of elements on the periodic table are classified as metals.
Majority
Data Tables: The tables relates two variables: 1) A ____(location), and 2) A____(average precipitation).
Manipulated variable; Responding variable
Name the three types of variables in an experiment:
Manipulated variable; Responding variable; and Controlled variable.
SI Units of Measurement: Matching the SI base unit with the quantity that is used to measure.... SI Base Unit (kilogram) Quantity is?
Mass
Atomic Number and Mass Number: Complete the equation.... *Number of neutrons = ____ - Atomic number
Mass number
Name two characteristics of matter.
Mass; Volume
Atomic Mass: A value that depends on the distribution of an elements's isotopes in nature and the ____ of those isotopes.
Masses
Describing the States of Matter: ____can be classified as as solids, liquids, or gases based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite or variable.
Materials
Solid
Materials can be classified as solids, liquids, or gases based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite or variable.
Pure substance
Matter that always has exactly the same composition.
Bar Graph: A bar graph is often used to compare a set of____, ____ or ____.
Measurements; Amounts; Changes
Temperature and Phase Changes: One way to recognize a phase change is by ____ as it is heated or cooled.
Measuring the temperature of a substance
Melting and Freezing: What occurs once particles of a solid have gained enough energy to overcome the strong force of attraction and move from their fixed positions. When all the molecules have enough energy to move, this is complete.
Melting
Properties of Ionic Compounds: For an electric current to flow, charged particles must be able to move from one location to another. Ions in a solid crystal lattice have fixed positions. When it ____, the lattice breaks apart and the ions are ____.
Melts; Free to flow
Binary Ionic Compounds: The name for the cation is the name of the ____ without any ____.
Metal; Charge
The Nitrogen Family: Nitrogen family contains nonmetal, metal and ____.
Metallioids
Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals:
Metalloids
Elements that touch the stair‐step line running diagonally from aluminum to polonium are known as ____.
Metalloids
Elements that are malleable are ____.
Metals
The majority of the elements in the periodic table are ____.
Metals
The stair‐step line running diagonally from aluminum to polonium divides the ____.
Metals and nonmetals
Classes of Elements: Name the three categories into which elements are classified based on their general properties:
Metals, Metalloids and Nonmetals
Classes of Elements: Based on general properties; elements are classified as ____, ____ and ____.
Metals, nonmetals and metalloids
Ionic Compounds: What is the chemical formula for magnesium chloride?
MgCl₂
The formula for magnesium chloride is ____.
MgCl₂ and its various hydrates MgCl₂ₓ.
Molecules of Elements: Two hydrogen atoms bonded together form a unit called a ____
Molecule *
Covalent Bonds: Non Metals - N- Non Metals = Cavent Bonds >> ____.
Molecules
Atomic Orbitals: Higher energy levels have ____ orbitals than lower energy levels do.
More
Melting and Freezing: The arrangement of molecules in water becomes LESS orderly as it melts and____as it freezes.
More orderly
Metals with Multiples Ions: When a metal forms ____ than one ion, the name of the ion contains a Roman ____ to indicate the charge on the ion. Copper II oxide means it is Cu2+ ion
More; Numeral
Identify the name of the bond in the following compound: O = O ____ bond
Multiple covalent
The formula for is: When a force in newtons is divided by an area in square meters,the unit of pressure is newtons per square meter(____).
N/m^2
Ionic Compounds: The chemical formula for sodium chloride ____. Indicates one sodium ion for each chloride ion in sodium chloride.
NACI
Formation of Ions: The symbol for the ion is written Na^1+, or ____ or short
Na
Mendeleev's Periodic Table: What type of information Mendeleev knew about each element.
Name, relative mass and properties
Classes of Elements: Elements are divided into those that occur ____ and those that do not.
Naturally
Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds: The formula for sodium sulfide is ____.
NazS
Thomson's Model of the Atom: Thomson concluded that the particles in the glowing beam had a ____ charge because they were attracted to a positive plate.
Negative
Unequal Sharing of Electrons: When atoms form a polar covalent bond, the atom with the greater attraction for electrons has a partial ____ charge.
Negative
Thomson's Model of the Atom: Describe Thomson's model...
Negative charges are evenly scattered throughout an atom filled with positively charged mass of matter.
Formation of Ionic Bonds: A particle with a ____ charge will attract a particle with a ____ charge.
Negative; Positive
Molecules of Elements: A molecule is a ____ group of atoms that are joined together by one or more ____ bonds.
Neutral: Covalent (hydrogen molecule H2 neutral >> 2 protons and 2 electrons)
Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds: Because all ionic compounds are ____, the total charges on the cations and anions must add up to ____. Na+S2^->Na2S
Neutral; Zero
Isotopes: Every atom of a given element does not have the same number of ____.
Neutrons
The formula for is: The SI unit for pressure is derived from SI units for force ans area.- Force is measured in ____.
Newtons (N)
The formula for is: The SI unit for pressure, the pascal(Pa), is shorthand for____ meter.
Newtons per square
The Nitrogen Family: List the nonmetals in Group 5A; Phosphorus and ____.
Nitrogen
Communicating Data: Do scientist always interpret a given set of data the same way?
No
Is a Change Chemical or Physical? Does it when iron is heated until it turns red, the color change shows that a chemical change has taken place?
No
Observing Chemical Properties: Does substances in paraffin do not change when a candle burns?
No
Observing Chemical Properties: Flammability is a material's ability to burn in the presence of carbon dioxide- yes or no?
No
Observing Chemical Properties: Is nitrogen a more reactive element than oxygen?
No
Recognizing Physical Changes: In a physical change, does some of the substances in a material change, but the properties of the material stay the same.
No
SI Units of Measurement: Are units in the SI system include feet, pounds, and degrees Fahrenheit?
No
Using Physical Properties: Is it usually that people consider only one property when choosing a material.
No
What elements exist with a stable electron configuration?
Noble Gases
Stable Electron Configuration: The highest occupied energy level of a ____ atom is completely filled.
Noble gas
Stable Electron Configuration: Elements tend to react to achieve electron configurations similar to those of ____.
Noble gases
The Noble Gases: Noble Gases Group 8 are ____.
Noble gases
Polarity is affected the ____ of the molecule. Identify if the following molecules are polar or nonpolar: CO2 ____.
Non Polar
Formation of Ions: Ionic bonds occur between metals and ____.
Non metals
Physical Science focuses on ___?
Non-living things
A sample of an unknown element is found in a laboratory cabinet. Upon inspection, it is observed that the element has a dull surface, shatters into many pieces when hit with a hammer, and is a poor conductor of both heat and electricity. It is concluded that this element would be classified as a ____.
Nonmetal
Metalloids: A metalloid's ability to conduct electric current because....
Nonmetals have low boiling points.
In a polar covalent bond, the electrons are ____ shared.
Not
SI Units of Measurement: What elements that are required for a measurement to make sense?
Numbers; and Units
Atomic Mass: An atomic mass unit is defined as ____ the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
One twelfth
Atomic Mass Unit (AMU)
One twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
Crystal Lattice: Each ion attracted to its neighboring ions with an ____ charge. This set of attractions keeps the ions in fixed positions in a rigid framework or lattice.
Opposite
Nonmetals: Generally have properties ____ to those metals.
Opposite
Covalent Bonds: The electron cloud and the space-filling models show the ____ of atoms overlap when a ____ bond forms.
Orbitals; Covalent
Describing the States of Matter: Almost all solids have some type of____ at the atomic level.
Orderly arrangement of particles
Kinetic Theory of Gases: Part of Kinetic Theory's 3 main points- Forces of attraction among particles in a gas can be ignored under ____conditions.
Ordinary
Scientific Method
Organized plan for gathering, organizing, and communicating information.
The Boron Family: Aluminum is often found combined with ____ in bauxite.
Oxygen
The Oxygen Family: Complex forms of life need to stay alive.
Oxygen
The Oxygen Family: Name the most abundant element in Earth's crust ____.
Oxygen
The Oxygen Family: ____ is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust.
Oxygen
Unequal Sharing of Electrons: In a water molecule, the hydrogen side of the molecule has a ____ charge, and the oxygen side has a ____ charge.
Partial positive Partial negative
Unequal Sharing of Electrons: In a water molecule.... The hydrogen side of the molecule has a ____, and the oxygen side has a partial negative charge.
Partial positive charge
Using Properties to Separate Mixtures: Explain how filtration separates materials based on the size of their particles.
Particles that are small enough to pass through the filter are separated from larger particles, which are trapped on the filter.
The Modern Periodic Table- Periods: Each row in the table of element is a ____.
Period
The Periodic Law: Properties of elements repeat in a predictable way when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into groups. This pattern of repeating properties is called the____.
Periodic law
Evidence supporting Mendeleev's table, The close match between Mendeleev's predictions and the actual properties of new elements showed how useful his ____ could be.
Periodic table
The horizontal rows of the periodic table are known as ____.
Periods
Characteristics of Phase Changes: When at least two states of the same substance are present, scientists describe each different state as a____.
Phase
Characteristics of Phase Changes: A ____ is the reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another.
Phase Change
The Nitrogen Family: Name two elements in the nitrogen family that are contained in fertilizer; Nitrogen and ____.
Phosphorus
Natural Science is divided into ___?
Physical Science; Earth and Space Science; and Life Science.
The study of matter, energy, and the interactions between the two through forces and motion is know as?
Physics
Earth and Space Science focuses on ___?
Physics and Chemistry
Other States of Matter: What has extremely high temperatures, such as those found on the sun or other stars.
Plasma
Formation of Ions: The charge on an ion is represented by a ____ or a ____ sign.
Plus; Minus
Polarity is affected the ____ of the molecule. Identify if the following molecules are polar or nonpolar: H2O____.
Polar
Polar Covalent Bonds: A covalent bond in which (electrons are not shared equally) is called a ____ bond.
Polar Covalent
Unequal Sharing of Electrons: When atoms form a ____ covalent bond, the atom with the GREATER ATTRACTION for electrons has a Partial ____ charge. The other atom has a partial ____ charge.
Polar; Negative; Positive
Nonmetals: Nonmetals are ____ ____ of heat and electric current.
Poor conductors
Properties of Ionic Compounds: NaCI is a ____ conductor in a solid state, but a good conductor in a ____ state.
Poor; Liquid
Ionic compounds are composed of ____ and ____ that are attracted together.
Positive; Negative Ions
Two general types of energy are kinetic energy and ___energy.
Potential
Limits of Measurements: Describe the difference precision and accuracy:
Precision refers to how exact a measurement is (the more significant figures, the more precise the measurement is), while accuracy refers to how close the measurement is to the actual value.
The Periodic Table: Properties of elements repeat in a ____ way when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into groups.
Predictable
Data Tables: The simplest way to organize data is to ____ in a table.
Present them
Pressure: A collisions between particles of a gas and the walls of the container cause the____ in a closed container of gas.
Pressure
Pressure: ____is the result of a force distributed over an area.
Pressure
Electron Cloud Model: When trying to predict the locations and motions of electrons in atoms, scientists must work with ____.
Probability
Filtration
Process that separates materials based on the size of their particles.
Distillation
Process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points.
Mendeleev's Periodic Table: A periodic table is an arrangement of elements in columns, based on a set of ____ that repeat from row to row
Properties
The Search for Order: As the number of known elements grew, so did the need to organize them into groups based on their ____.
Properties
Mendeleev's Periodic Table: Mendeleev used the ____ located near the spaces in his table to predict properties for undiscovered elements.
Properties of elements
Define: Hypothesis
Proposed answer to a question.
Dalton's Atomic Theory
Proposed the theory that all matter is made up of individual particles called atoms, which cannot be divided.
Ionization Energy: The energy allows electrons to overcome the attraction of the ____ in the nucleus.
Protons
Isotopes: Every atom of a given element has the same number of ____ and electrons.
Protons
The Periodic Table: Mendeleev developed his periodic table before the discovery of ____. He did not know that all atoms of an element have the same number of protons and that 2 different elements could not have the same of protons.
Protons
Kinetic Theory of Gases: Part of kinetic theory's 3 main points- Particles in a gas are in constant, random ____.
Random
Describing the States of Matter: The gas atoms in a balloon are not arranged in a regular pattern. They are at ____ the balloon.
Random locations throughout
Atomic Models (complete the missing answer to the atom models): 1. Scientist>> Dalton 2. Evidence>> 3. Model>> Indivisible, solid spheres
Ratio of masses in Compounds
Describing Ionic Compounds: The formula of an compound describes the ____ of the ____ in the compounds.
Ratio; Ions
Crystal Lattice: The shape of an ionic crystal depends on the arrangement of ion in its lattice. The arrangement depends on the ____ of ions and their relative ____.
Ratio; Sizes
The Alkaline Earth Metals: Difference in reactivity among the alkaline earth metals are shown by the ways they ____.
React to water.
Alkali Metals: Alkali metals; they are extremely ____ and because of that, they are found in nature only in compounds.
Reactive
Observing Chemical Properties: The property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances is____.
Reactivity
The Alkali Metals: Sodium is stored under oil because it ____.
Reacts with water vapor in air.
Atomic Mass: In order to have a convenient way to compare the masses of atoms, scientists chose one isotope to serve as a standard:
Recall
The Combined Gas Law- Describes the ____ among the temperature, volume and pressure of a gas when the number of particles is constant.
Relationship
What happens to the temperature of a substance during phase change?
Remains the same.
Thomson's Model of the Atom: Objects with like electric charges ____, and objects with opposite electric charges attract.
Repel
Explaining the Behavior of Gases: Motion in Gases- Gas particles in a gas are never at ____. Gas particles diffuse thru the air.
Rest
A ____ numeral is used to show the charge for an atom that can have more than 1 charge.
Roman
Classes of Elements: Elements are classified as Solids, Liquids, or gases, based on their states at ____.
Room temperature
Classes of Elements: Many nonmetals are gases at ____.
Room temperature
Chemists use a system for naming compounds based on ____ established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)
Rules
Atomic Models (complete the missing answer to the atom models): 1. Scientist>> 2. Evidence>> Deflection of alpha particles passing through gold foil. 3. Model>> Positive, dense nucleus
Rutherford
Write the formula for the molecular compound: Sulfuretrioxide- ____
SO3
Valence Electrons: Elements within a group have the ____ number of valence electrons.
Same
All scientist may accept a given scientific law, but different scientist may have different___ to explain it.
Scientific theories
Explaining the Behavior of Gases: Motion in Gases- Under ordinary conditions, who can ignore the forces of attraction in a gas?
Scientists
Bohr's Model of the Atom: What evidence do scientists have that electrons can move from one energy level to another?
Scientists can measure the energy gained or lost by electrons.
Bar Graph: A bar graph is often useful for comparing____ measurements.
Several
Crystal Lattice: Crystals are classified into groups based on the ____ of their crystals.
Shape
Describing the States of Matter: A gas takes the ____ and volume of its container.
Shape
Explaining the Behavior of Liquids: A liquid takes the____ of its container because particles in a liquid can flow to new locations.
Shape
Covalent Bonds: In a covalent bond, the atoms are held together by the attractions between the ____ electrons and the protons in each nucleus.
Shared
Covalent Bonds: The attraction between the ____ electrons and the ____ in each nucleus hols the atom together in a covalent bond.
Shared; Protons
Properties of Ionic Compounds: Crystals will ____ when hammered.
Shatter
Circle Graph is used for:
Showing how a part or share of something relates to the whole.
Line Graph is used for:
Showing how a variable responds to changes in another.
The Carbon Family: List the two metalloids in Group 4A; Germanium and ____.
Silicon
The Carbon Family: ____ is the 2nd most abundant element in the Earth's crust.
Silicon
Write the name for the following molecular compounds: SiBr4- ____
Silicon TetraBromide
The Halogens: Despite halogens physical differences, the halogens have ____ properties.
Similar
The Modern Periodic Table- Groups: The elements in a group have ____ electron configurations.
Similar
Valence Electrons: Elements in a group have ____ properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.
Similar
The Modern Periodic Table- Groups: Members of a group in the periodic table have ____ ____ properties.
Similar chemical
Covalent Bonds: When two atoms share One Pair of electrons, the bond is called a ____.
Single bond
Polarity is affected the ____ of the molecule.
Size
On a line graph, the raio of the change in the y-variable to the corresponding change in the x-variable is called the line's____.
Slope
Slope: The formula for the slope of the line is....
Slope = Rise/Run
Name two general categories that the study of science can be divided into.
Social science; and Natural science.
Write the names for the following ionic compounds.... NaCl
Sodium chloride
The most common physical state of the elements is ____.
Solid
Sublimation
Solid to gas; The phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor without changing to a liquid first. (ex.)Dry ice- it can change directly from a solid to a gas.
Describing the States of Matter: ____ is the state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Solids
Metals: Except for mercury, metals are ____ at room temperature.
Solids
crystals
Solids whose particles are arranged in a lattice structure.
Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids: The term that identifies the homogeneous mixture that forms when sugar is dissolved in a glass of hot water.
Solution
Covalent Bonds: What is in molecular models that show orbitals of atoms overlapping when a covalent bond forms?
Space-filling
Covalent Bonds: What is molecular models show orbitals of atoms overlapping when a covalent bond forms.
Space-filling
The tables and graphs make it easier to____ or ____ in the data that can support or disprove a hypothesis.
Spot patterns; Trends
The formula for is: The SI unit for pressure is derived from SI units for force ans area.- Area in____.
Square Meters (m^2)
Atoms gain, lose or share electrons in order to reach what electrons configuration?
Stable
Ionic Bonds: Each atom ends up with a more ____ electron arrangement than it had before the transfer.
Stable
Stable Electron Configuration: The noble gases have ____ electron configurations with ____ valence electrons (Two electrons in the case of helium).
Stable; 8(8 is great)
Stable Electron Configuration: When the highest occupied energy level of an atom is filled with electrons, the atom is ____ and not likely to ____.
Stable; React
Charles's Law
States that the volume of a gas is directly relationship to its temperature in kelvin, if the pressure and the number of particles of gas are constant.
Is a Change Chemical or Physical? When matter undergoes a physical change, the composition of the matter____.
Stays the same
Attraction Between Molecules: Attractions among non polar molecules explain why nitrogen can be ____ at low temperatures and high pressures.
Stored as liquid
Properties of Ionic Compounds: Ionic compounds have ____ attraction between particles and ____ melting.
Strong; High
Attraction Between Molecules: Water has a higher boiling point than carbon dioxide because attractions between polar molecules are ____ than attractions between non polar molecules.
Stronger
Attraction Between Molecules: Water has a higher boiling point than carbon dioxide because attractions between polar molecules are ____ than attractions between nonpolar molecules.
Stronger
Polar and Nonpolar Molecules: Attractions between polar molecules are ____ than attractions between nonpolar molecules.
Stronger
Covalent Bonds: Electrons sharing can be shown in 2 ways..... ____ the pair of dots is replaced by a line.
Structural Formula (H-H)
Sublimation and Deposition: Deposition is the REVERSE of ____.
Sublimation
Sublimation and Deposition: What is the phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor without changing to a liquid first.(ex. dry ice)
Sublimation
Because there are no charges involved, you have to use ____ in the name to show the number of atoms.
Subscript
In a chemical formula, the ____ identifies the number of atoms.
Subscript
The 2 written to the right and slightly below the symbol for chloride. ____ are used to show the relative numbers of atoms of the elements used.
Subscript
Molecules of Elements: ____ in a chemical formula can be used to describe the molecules of an element as well as a compound.
Subscripts
Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds: Use ____ to show the ratio of the ions in the compound. Parenthesis are used with the subscript for polyatomic ions. Iron(III) Hydroxide is Fe(OH)3
Subscripts
Binary Ionic Compounds: The name for the anion uses part of the name of the nonmetals with the ____ IDE Chlorine becomes Chloride
Suffix
The Oxygen Family: List the nonmetals in Group 6A; Oxygen, ____, and Selenium.
Sulfur
Organizing Data: Scientists can organize their data bu using____ and____.
Tables; Graphs
What will change your work dramatically by the time the next generation following yours comes along?
Technology
SI Units of Measurement: Matching the SI base unit with the quantity that is used to measure.... SI Base Unit (Kelvin) Quantity is?
Temperature
Factors That Affect Gas Pressure: Factors that affect the pressure of an enclosed gas are its____of its particles.
Temperature, its Volume, and the Number
Element number 65 is____.
Terbium
The Boron Family: List the four metals in Group 3A; Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and ____.
Thallium
Dalton's Atomic Theory: What theory did Dalton propose to explain why the elements in a compound always join in the same way?
That all matter is made up of individual particles called atoms, which cannot be divided.
Measurement: There are seven SI base units, including____,____,____.
The Meter; the Kilogram; the Kelvin; and the Second.
Atom
The Smallest particle of an element.
Define: Malleability
The ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering.
Defining Physical Properties: (Physical Property) *Malleability
The ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering.
Malleability
The ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering.
Define: Conductivity
The ability to allow heat to flow.
Energy and Phase Changes: What is Heat of Fusion?
The amount of energy a substance must absorb in order to change from 'a solid to a liquid'.
Volume
The amount of space taken up y an object.
Electron configuration
The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom.
Atomic Number and Mass Number: What is an atomic number?
The atomic number of an element equals the number of protons in an atom of that element.
Accuracy
The closeness of a measurement to the actual value of what is being measured.
Kinetic Theory
The energy an object has due to its motion.
Recognizing Chemical Changes: Which evidence of a chemical change... -Lemon juice is added to milk-
The formation of a precipitate.
Examples of Physical Properties: Explain why a wooden spoon is a better choice than a metal spoon for stirring a boiling pot of soup...
The handle of a wooden spoon will stay cool because wood is not a good conductor of heat.
Ground state
The lowest allowable energy state of an atom.
Observing Chemical Properties: What is the benefit of pumping nitrogen gas into seawater that is stored in steel tanks?
The nitrogen displaces dissolved oxygen from the seawater, reducing the amount of rust that forms inside the tanks.
Identify the topics that are included in the science of geology?
The origin, history, and structure of the Earth.
Heterogeneous mixture
The parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another.
Energy levels
The possible energies that electrons in an atom can have.
Vaporization and Condensation: What is Vapor pressure?
The pressure caused by the collisions of particles in a vapor with the walls of the container. (ex.)The pressure of water increases as the temperature increases.
Recognizing Chemical Changes: Which evidence of a chemical change... -Vinegar is mixed with baking soda-
The production of a gas.
Mass
The quantity of matter in an object or sample.
Density
The ratio of an objects mass to its volume.
Define: Density
The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume.
Define: Viscosity
The resistance of a liquid to flowing.
Pressure
The result of a force distributed over an area.
Liquids
The state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but not a definite shape.
Gas
The state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
Biology
The study of living things- it's not only the physics and chemistry of living things, but the study of the origin and behavior of living things.
Physics
The study of matter and energy and the interactions between the two through forces and motion.
Chemistry
The study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter.
Geology
The study of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth. Traditionally this focused on the Earth's rocks-however, modern Earth Science also involves the study of systems that may include living organisms.
Astronomy
The study of the universe beyond Earth, including the sun, moon, planets, and stars.
Homogeneous mixture
The substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish one substance in the mixture from another.
Energy and Phase Changes: What happens during an Endothermic Change?
The system absorbs energy from its surroundings.
Energy and Phase Changes: What happens to Exothermic Change?
The system releases energy to its surroundings.
Defining Physical Properties: (Physical Property) *Melting Point
The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid.
Define: Boiling point
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.
Define: Melting point
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
Boiling point
The temperature at which a substance boils.
Melting point
The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid.
Viscosity
The tendency of a liquid to keep flowing -- its resistance to flowing.
Defining Physical Properties: (Physical Property) *Viscosity
The tendency of a liquid to resist flowing.
Unequal Sharing of Electrons: What factor that determines whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar
The type of atoms in the molecule and the shape of the molecule.
Unequal Sharing of Electrons: What are some factors that determine whether a molecule is polar or non polar?
The type of atoms in the molecule; The shapes of the molecule
The Big Ideas of Physical Science: Space and Time?
The universe is both very old and very big
Technology
The use of knowledge to solve practical problems.
Manipulated Variable
The variable that causes a change in another variable.
How are science and technology used together?
They are interdependent advances in one lead to advances in the other.
Why are two series of elements placed below the main body of the table?
They are placed below the table to make the table more compact.
Measurement: What are base units?
They are the fundamental units of SI.
Bohr's Model of the Atom: What can happen to an electron in an atom when the atom gains or losses energy?
They can move from on energy level to another.
Chlorine- Important fact:
This is is a highly reactive, nonmetal gas. This is also used to kill bacteria in drinking water and swimming pools.
Aluminum- Important fact:
This is the most abundant metal in Earth's crust. It is strong, lightweight, malleable, and a good conductor of electric current. Much less energy is needed to purify recycled aluminum than to extract aluminum from bauxite.
Magnesium- Important fact:
This plays a key role in the process that uses sunlight to produce sugar in plants. Mixtures of this and other metals are used in transportation because they can be as strong as steel, but much lighter.
Atomic Models (complete the missing answer to the atom models): 1. Scientist>> 2. Evidence>> Deflected beam 3. Model>> Negative charges evenly scattered through positively charges mass of matter(plum pudding model).
Thomas
Classes of Elements: Classes of elements, there are ____ different ways to classify elements.
Three
Covalent Bonds: Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. How many pairs of electrons must 2 nitrogen atoms share in order for each atom to have eight valence electrons?
Three
Covalent Bonds: Nitrogen has five valence electrons. How many pairs of electrons must two nitrogen atoms share in order for each atom to have eight valence electrons?
Three
SI Units of Measurement: Matching the SI base unit with the quantity that is used to measure.... SI Base Unit (second) Quantity is?
Time
Why do scientist use specific models?
To make it easier to understand things that might be too difficult to observe directly.
Why should you wash your hands after every experiment?
To remove chemicals that you may have touched.
What is the goal of a Scientific Method?
To solve a problem or to better understand an observed event.
Alkali Metals: The reactivity of alkali metals increases from the ____ of Group 1A to the bottom.
Top
Unequal Sharing of Electrons: (Elements at the ____ of a group have a greater attraction for electrons) than elements at the bottom of a group have.
Top
Unequal Sharing of Electrons: In general, elements at the ____ of a group have a grater attraction for electrons than elements at the ____ of a group have.
Top; Bottom
Unequal Sharing of Electrons: In general, elements at the ____ of a group have a greater attraction for electrons than elements at the ____ of a group have.
Top; Bottom
The ____ of electrons results in the formula of bonds.
Tranfer
Ionic Bonds: Some elements achieve stable electron configurations through the ____ of electrons between atoms.
Transfer (going or loses)
Ionic Compounds: A magnesium atom cannot reach a stable electron configuration by reaching with just one chloride atom. It must ____ electrons to ____ chloride atoms.
Transfer; Two
Explaining the Behavior of Gases: Kinetic energy is ____ when particles collide.
Transferred
Formation of Ionic Bonds: An ionic bond forms when e- are ____ from on atom to another.
Transferred
Ionic Bonds: When sodium reacts with chlorine, an electron is ____ from each sodium atom to a chlorine atom.
Transferred
Energy and Phase Changes: During a phase change, energy is ____and its surroundings. The direction of the transfer depends on the type of phase change.
Transferred between a substance
Metals with Multiples Ions: Many ____ metals form more than one type if ion.
Transition
The ____ metals are more likely to form more than 1 ion.
Transition
Multiple Covalent Bonds: When 2 atoms share 3 pairs of electrons, the bond is called ____ bond.
Triple (N2 N=N)
Atomic Orbitals: An orbital is a region of space around the nucleus where an electron is likely to be found.
True
Bohr's Model of the Atom: In Bohr's model of the atom, electrons have a constant speed and move in fixed orbits around.
True
Bohr's Model of the Atom: When electrons release energy, some of the energy may be released as visible light.
True
Compounds: In this sentence is it true about compounds? A compound always contains at least two elements.
True
Compounds: In this sentence is it true about compounds? A compound has the same properties as the elements from which it is formed
True
Compounds: In this sentence is it true about compounds? The substances that make up a compound are always joined in a fixed proportion.
True
Dalton's Atomic Theory: John Dalton gathered evidence for the existence of atoms by measuring the masses of elements that reacted to form compounds.
True
Electron Cloud Model: Bohr's model was correct in assigning energy levels to electrons.
True
Electron Configuration: An excited state is less stable than a ground state.
True
Thomson's Model of the Atom: Thomson's experiments provided the first evidence for the existence of subatomic particles.
True
Atomic Mass: Atomic Mass Unit-(amu) is defined as the ____ the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
Twelfth
Polar and Nonpolar Molecules: If a molecule has only ____ atoms, it will be Polar.
Two
Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds: There must be ____ sodium ions (Na+) for each sulfide ion (S^2-)
Two
Molecules of Elements: Diatomic means "____".
Two atoms (F2 N2 CI2 Br2 I2)
Atomic Mass: Most elements exist as a mixture of _____ isotopes.
Two or more
Binary Ionic Compounds: A compound made from only ____ elements is a ____ compound.
Two; Binary
Describing Molecular Compounds: The name ans formula of a molecular compound describe the ____ and ____ of an atoms in a molecule of the compound.
Type; Number
Unequal Sharing of Electrons: The ____ of atoms in a molecule and its ____ are factors that determine whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar.
Type; Shape
Mendeleev's prediction, he used the properties of existing elements to predict properties of ____ elements.
Undiscovered
Valence Electrons: An electron that is in the highest occupied energy level of an atom is a(n) ____ electrons.
Valence
Valence Electrons: The "A" groups are numbered 1-8 and correspond to the number of ____ electrons.
Valence
In an electron dot diagram, the dots represent ____.
Valence electrons
Vaporization and Condensation: A____ is a gaseous phase of a substance that is normally a solid or liquid at room temperature.
Vapor
Vaporization and Condensation: The phase change in which a substance changes from a liquid into a gas is ____.
Vaporization
Line Graph: The responding variable is plotted on the____axis or ____axis.
Vertical; Y
The Alkaline Earth Metals: Differences in reactivity among alkaline earth metals are shown by the way they react with ____.
Water
Vaporization and Condensation: (BOILING) When the vapor pressure becomes equal to atmospheric pressure, the ____.
Water boils
Using Properties to Separate Mixtures: Explain why distillation works for converting seawater into fresh water
Water has a much lower boiling point than the compounds dissolved in seawater. Water can be boiled and collected in a separate container. The dissolved compounds are left behind in the original container.
Observing Chemical Properties: What compounds formed when a candle burns? *paraffin *hydrogen *water *carbon
Water; Carbon
Polar and Nonpolar Molecules: Attractions among nonpolar molecules are ____ than attractions among polar molecules, but they do excits.
Weaker
Atomic Mass- Weighted Average: f you add up the masses of the isotopes of an element and take the average, you get a ____ average.
Weighted
Physical change
When some of the properties of a material change, but the substances in the material remain the same.
Solution
When substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixture, the mixture that forms is this.
Periodic Law
When the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.
Recognizing Physical Changes: Explain why the boiling of water is a physical change.
When water changes from a liquid to a gas, it remains the same substance.
What process that is a reversible physical change... *wrinkling a shirt *freezing water *cutting hair *peeling an orange
Wrinkling a shirt; Freezing water
Communicating Data: Scientist can communicate results by____.
Writing in Scientific journals or speaking at conferences.
Slope: "Run" represents the change in the____ -variable.
X
Slope: "Rise" represents the change in the____ -variable.
Y
Elements: Is the smallest particle of an element is an atom?
Yes
Examples of Physical Properties: Does a liquid with a high viscosity flows more slowly than a liquid with a low viscosity at the same temperature.
Yes
Examples of Physical Properties: In discovering which of two materials can scratch the other is a way to compare the hardness of the materials.
Yes
In an inverse proportion, is one in which the product of the two variables is constant?
Yes
Limits of Measurements: Is the precision of a calculated answer is limited by the least precise measurement used in the calculation?
Yes
Mixtures: Is homogeneous mixture a mixture in which it is difficult to distinguish the substances from one another.
Yes
Pure Substances: Does every sample of a pure substance has exactly the same composition and the same properties?
Yes
In an ionic compound, the sum of the cations ans anions charges must equal ____.
Zero
group
a column of elements in a periodic table
period
a row in a periodic table of elements
periodic table
an arrangement of elements in columns based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row
Periodic Table
an arrangement of elements in which the columns based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row.
SI Units of Measurement: Complete the SI prefixes in with the missing information... *PREFIX (centi-) *SYMBOL (___) *MEANING (hundredth (10-^2) *MULTIPLY UNIT BY (0.01)
c
10
deca-
2
di-
metals
elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current
nonmetals
elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current
transition metals
elements that form a bridge between elements on the left and right sides of the periodic table
metalloids
elements with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals
A force causes a change in time.
false
All of the important rules of nature have already been discovered.
false
For safety precautions in a science lab, should you never ask questions?
false
If a scientist decides the data in the model is wrong, can he ignore the data?
false
If a scientist decides the data in the model is wrong, can he revise the data?
false
Social science is a branch of Natural science.
false
The results of every scientific experiment are quantitative.
false
The scientific facts of today will not change in the future.
false
The use of knowledge to solve practical problems is know as curiosity.
false
The Nitrogen Family: Nitrogen and phosphorus are used in ____.
fertilizer
7
hepta-
6
hexa-
When writing the name of an ionic compound, the anion name ends in ____.
ide
SI Units of Measurement: Complete the SI prefixes in with the missing information... *PREFIX (____) *SYMBOL (m) *MEANING (thousandth (10-^3) *MULTIPLY UNIT BY (0.001)
milli
1
mono-
SI Units of Measurement: Complete the SI prefixes in with the missing information... *PREFIX (nano) *SYMBOL (____) *MEANING (millionth (10-^9) *MULTIPLY UNIT BY (0.000000001)
n
9
nona-
8
octa-
Atomic mass unit (amu)
one twelfth the mass of a carbon- 12 atom
The formula for is: Pressure=Force/area or____
p=F/A
5
penta-
SI Units of Measurement: Complete the SI prefixes in with the missing information... *PREFIX (deci-) *SYMBOL (d) *MEANING (____) *MULTIPLY UNIT BY (0.1)
tenth (10-^1)
4
tetra-
periodic law
the pattern of repeating properties displayed by elements in the periodic table
Phase Change
the reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another.
Boyle's Law
the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure if the temperature and the number of particles are constant.
3
tri-
A scientific law attempts to explain an observed pattern in nature.
true
Earth and space science is a branch of Natural science.
true
For safety precautions in a science lab, should you read all procedural steps?
true
For safety precautions in a science lab, should you study the safety rules?
true
For safety precautions in a science lab, should you understand the procedure?
true
If a scientist decides the data in the model is wrong, can he change the model?
true
If a scientist decides the data in the model is wrong, can he replace the model?
true
If the data from an experiment do not support your hypothesis, you can revise the hypothesis or propose a new one.
true
Life science is a branch of Natural science.
true
Physical science is a branch of Natural science.
true
The foundation of space science is astronomy.
true
