Science F & E Chapter 3 Lesson 2

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The efficiency of an actual machine is always less than ...................... %

100

An ideal machine would have an efficiency of ......................

100 percent

Machines are devices that allow you to do ...................... in an easier way.

work

The force exerted on an object multiplied by the distance the object moves is equal to ......................, which is expressed in joules.

work

What causes a mechanical advantage that is greater than 1?

when the output force is greater than the input force

What causes a mechanical advantage that is less than 1?

when the output force is less than the input force

When you raise or lower a flag on a flagpole, you are using a(n) ......................

pulley

Without friction there would be

equal input and output work

If a machine changes the direction, but not the amount of the input force, the mechanical advantage is ...................... 1

equal to

A machines's ...................... is the number of times a machine increases a force exerted on it.

mechanical advantage

What is the formula for calculating mechanical advantage?

mechanical advantage = output force divided by input force

Your ...................... work can never be greater than your ...................... work.

output ........... input

The force exerted by the machine is the .......................

output force

The mechanical advantage of a machine that changes only the direction of force is ......................

1

The output work of a certain machine is 12,600 J. If the input work is 18,000 J, the efficiency is ......................

70%

What is the formula for calculating efficiency?

Efficiency = output work divided by input work times 100%

Machines just ...................... the way you do work.

change

Pulling down on a rope to hoist a sail on a sailboat is an example of a machine ......................

changing the direction over which the force is exerted

A machine makes work easier by multiplying force or ......................, or by changing direction.

distance

A machine's mechanical advantage is the output force ...................... by the input force.

divided

Machines (do/do not) reduce the amount of work you do.

do not

Divide output work by input work and multiply by 100% to find a machine's ......................

efficiency

Machines make work easier by changing ......................

force, distance, or direction

All machines waste some work overcoming the force of ......................

friction

An ideal machine has no ......................

friction

If tight scissors have an efficiency of 50 percent, half of your work is wasted due to ......................

friction

Since all machines lose work to ......................, ideal machines do not exist.

friction

The ideal mechanical advantage would equal the actual mechanical advantage if there were no losses due to ......................

friction

If the output force is greater than the input force, the mechanical advantage of a machines is ...................... 1.

greater than

The force applied to a machine is called the ...................... force.

input

The force you exert when you use a machine is the .......................

input force

What happens to the efficiency of a bicycle as it gets rusty?

it decreases

All machines have an efficiency of ...................... 100 percent.

less than

If a machine increases distance, the output force is ...................... the input force.

less than

If the output force is less than the input force, the mechanical advantage of a machine is ...................... 1.

less than

...................... are devices that allow you to work in an easier way.

machines

The mechanical advantage of a machine is the number of times a machine increases .......................

the force exerted on a machine


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