Science Quiz Genes/Chromosomes 3.1-3.2

What happens during the first division of meiosis? A. Alleles for a gene are separated. B. Identical haploid cells are formed. C. Diploid cells showing genetic variation are formed. D. Alleles for a gene fuse.

A. Alleles for a gene are separated.

What is the cause of sickle cell anemia? A. Errors in the translation of mRNA B. A base substitution mutation in DNA C. A transcription error that replaces A with U D. A mutation that leads to glutamic acid instead of valine

B. A base substitution mutation in DNA

What is a sex-linked gene? A. A gene whose locus is on the X chromosome only. B. A gene whose locus is on the X or Y chromosomes. C. A gene whose locus is on the both X and Y chromosomes. D. A gene whose locus is on the Y chromosome only.

B. A gene whose locus is on the X or Y chromosomes.

What are chromosomes with the same size, banding pattern, centromere location but with different alleles called? A. Sister chromatids B. Homologous chromosomes C. Autosomes D. Daughter chromosomes

B. Homologous chromosomes

What was the original goal of the Human Genome Project? A. To determine the function of genes B. To determine the nucleotide sequence of all human chromosomes C. To determine how genes control biological processes D. To understand the evolution of species

B. To determine the nucleotide sequence of all human chromosomes

What is a karyotype? A. Maternal and paternal autosomes arranged in pairs. B. Chromosomes arranged in pairs according to the number of their genes. C. Chromosomes arranged in pairs according to their size and shape. D. Chromosomes arranged in pairs according to their size.

C. Chromosomes arranged in pairs according to their size and shape.

Which information is used when constructing a karyotype? I. Size of chromosomes II. Position of the centromere of the chromosome III. DNA content of the chromosome A. I only B. II only C. I and II only D. I, II and III

C. I and II only

Which characteristics are used to identify chromosomes when constructing a karyotype? I. The length of the chromosome. II. The position of the centromere on the chromosome. III. The pattern of bands on the chromosome. IV. The position of the chromosome on the spindle. A. I only B. I and II only C. I, II and III only D. I, II, III and IV

C. I, II and III only

What are the components of a eukaryotic chromosome? A. One DNA molecule and one large protein B. Many DNA molecules and many proteins C. One DNA molecule and many proteins D. Many DNA molecules and one large protein

C. One DNA molecule and many proteins

If a person inherited an allele with the same base substitution mutation from both parents, what sequences could be altered from normal in the person's cells. A. One mRNA base sequence only B. Two mRNA base sequences only C. One mRNA base sequence and one polypeptide amino acid sequence only D. Two mRNA base sequences and two polypeptide amino acid sequences only

C. One mRNA base sequence and one polypeptide amino acid sequence only

Why is it possible for a gene from one organism to be introduced and function in a different organism? A. All organisms are made of cells. B. All organisms have nuclei. C. The genetic code is universal. D. All organisms have ribosomes.

C. The genetic code is universal.

What is the initial purpose of sequencing the human genome? A. To determine the order of genes in a chromosome B. To determine the number of genes in the nucleus C. To determine the order of bases in DNA D. To determine the type of chromosomes in offspring

C. To determine the order of bases in DNA

The amount of DNA in a haploid cell of an organism can be represented by X. What would be the quantity of DNA in a cell from the same organism at the start of meiosis? A. 0.5X B. X C. 2X D. 4X

D. 4X

In the offspring what are the maternal and paternal pairs of chromosomes known as? A. Sex chromosomes B. Autosomes C. Sister chromatids D. Homologous chromosomes

D. Homologous chromosomes

What is always a difference between the alleles of a gene? A. Their position on the chromosome B. Their amino acid sequence C. The number of codons that each contains D. Their base sequence

D. Their base sequence

What are homologous chromosomes? A. Two chromosomes with differing sets of genes, in the same sequence, with the same alleles B. Two chromosomes with the same set of genes, in a different sequence, with the same alleles C. Two chromosomes with a different set of genes, in the same sequence, with different alleles D. Two chromosomes with the same set of genes, in the same sequence, sometimes with different alleles

D. Two chromosomes with the same set of genes, in the same sequence, sometimes with different alleles