SCIENCE TERMS ( GENETICS ) WITH EXAMPLES

Dominant Example: DOMINANT TRAITS RECESSIVE TRAITS brown eyes grey, green, hazel, blue eyes farsightedness normal vision normal vision normal vision normal vision nearsightedness night blindness color blindness* dark hair non-red hair curly hair full head of hair widow's peak blonde, light, red hair red hair straight hair baldness* normal hairline dimples unattached earlobes freckles broad lips no dimples attached earlobes no freckles thin lips

A dominant trait is a genetic trait which will manifest when only one copy of the gene is present, overriding another inherited gene coding for a different version of the trait.

Recessive Example: Recessive traits can be carried in a person's genes without appearing in that person. For example, a dark-haired person may have one gene for dark hair, which is a dominant trait, and one gene for light hair, which is recessive.

A trait caused by a recessive gene, which means that someone must inherit two copies of the gene for the trait to manifest.

Allele Example: A single gene controls the color of the petals, but there may be several different versions (or alleles) of the gene. In this example, parents have the genotype Bb (capital letters show dominant alleles and lower-case letters to show recessive alleles). If B (capital) is found in their genotype, the flower will be red.

Is one of a number of alternative forms of the same gene or same genetic locus.

Gene Example: If your mom has freckles, you might have freckles too because you inherited the trait for freckles.

Segments of DNA located on chromosomes That contain the instructions for protein production.

Genotype Example:the genotype is all your genes, for example your blood type.

The part (DNA sequence) of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of an organism or individual, which determines a specific characteristic (phenotype) of that cell/organism/individual. Is one of three factors that determine phenotype, the other two being inherited epigenetic factors, and non-inherited environmental factors.

Genetics Example: the genetic properties or features of an organism, characteristic, etc.

The study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

Homozygous Example: A full head of hair is a dominant feature, with the homozygous gene of HH. However, the recessive trait - baldness - can be manifested in an individual with the homozygous recessive gene, or hh.

When an individual has two of the same allele, whether dominant or recessive

Heterozygous Example: Snapdragon flowers exhibit incomplete dominance, also known as partial dominance. When you breed a flower than is homozygous for the color red with a flower that is homozygous for the color white, the offspring will all be heterozygous and they will be pink. The pink phenotype is intermediate between red and white. If you were to then breed the heterozygous individuals, their offspring would be 50 percent pink, 25 percent white, and 25 percent red.

individuals who are homozygous for a certain gene carry two copies of the same allele

Phenotype Example:

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.