Science Test 2

honey has high or low viscosity?

HIGH VISCOSITY $ HIGHER PRICE

water has high or low viscosity?

LOW VISCOSITY $ IS LOW!

9. In Europe, the combined Mississippian and Pennsylvanian periods are known as the a. Carboniferous. b. Devonian. c. Pliocene. d. Tertiary.

a. Carboniferous.

8. Which of the following is the era sometimes called the age of reptiles? a. Mesozoic b. Paleozoic c. Cenozoic d. Phanerozoic

a. Mesozoic

14. Compared to the age of Earth accepted as correct today, how did seventeenth and eighteenth century proponents of catastrophism envision the Earth's age? a. They believed Earth to be much younger than current estimates. b. They believed it to be about the same as current estimates, give or take a few million years. c. They believed Earth to be much older than current estimates. d. None of the above - they didn't really address the age of Earth.

a. They believed Earth to be much younger than current estimates.

7. Basaltic lava tends to a. be more fluid (less viscous) than granitic/rhyolitic lava. b. be less fluid (more viscous) than granitic/rhyolitic lava. c. come out of composite volcanoes (stratovolcanoes). d. contain only quartz.

a. be more fluid (less viscous) than granitic/rhyolitic lav

2. The largest units of geologic time are the a. eons. b. periods. c. eras. d. epochs.

a. eons.

3. Eons are divided first into a. eras. b. periods. c. millennia. d. epochs.

a. eras.

3. When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source. The source is also referred to as the a. focus b. seismic zone c. inertial point d. epicenter

a. focus

12. The inner core is most likely composed of a. iron. b. sulfur. c. oxygen. d. silicon.

a. iron.

2. Until the early 19th century, most scientists thought that all rocks (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic) were deposited by ________. a. the "great flood" b. the Bible c. James Hutton d. President Obama e. the government

a. the "great flood"

4. The interrelationship among the processes that produce the three classes of rock is referred to as a. the rock cycle. b. the bedding principle. c. the principle of cross-cutting relationships. d. metamorphism.

a. the rock cycle.

11. The process of metamorphism involves a. transformation of pre-existing rock b. only Precambrian rocks c. formation of rock from magma d. decomposition of pre-existing rock

a. transformation of pre-existing rock

6. Which of the following is not one of the three basic types of materials emitted when a volcano erupts? a. Lava b. Breccia c. Gas d. Pyroclastics

b. Breccia

15. The K-T impact is thought to have occurred at what site? a. Iridium b. Chicxulub c. Gubbio d. Alvarez

b. Chicxulub

13. Which layer of the Earth's interior is liquid? a. Crust b. Outer core c. Inner core d. Mantle e. All of the above

b. Outer core

11. The Moho is the seismic discontinuity at the base of the a. lithosphere b. crust c. upper mantle d. mantle e. asthenosphere

b. crust

5. Periods are divided into a. eons. b. epochs. c. millennia. d. eras.

b. epochs.

6. The Cenozoic is a(n) a. epoch. b. era. c. eon. d. period.

b. era.

9. What happens to change igneous or sedimentary rock to metamorphic rock? a. compaction b. heat and pressure c. cooling of magma d. weathering and erosion

b. heat and pressure

14. Compositional layering of Earth from the center outward. a. core, inner mantle, outer mantle, crust b. inner core, outer core, mantle, crust c. inner core, outer core, mesosphere, asthenosphere, lithosphere d. core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere

b. inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

5. New rocks that have had their original form altered by heat and pressure, but without melting, are classified as a. sedimentary. b. metamorphic. c. igneous. d. all of these.

b. metamorphic.

10. Geology's best tool for establishing absolute geologic time is a. index fossils. b. radiometric dating. c. the principle of superposition. d. the principle of cross-cutting relationships.

b. radiometric dating.

8. Most earthquake damage is caused by a. tsunamis. b. surface waves. c. P waves. d. S waves.

b. surface waves.

8. The lava that erupted at Mt. St. Helen's had a high resistance to flow. This property of magma or lava is known as its what? a. temperature b. viscosity c. chemical composition d. reflectance e. none of the above

b. viscosity

1. The oldest evidence of life on Earth dates back to about how many years ago? a. 65 million b. 3.8 million c. 3500 million d. 570 million

c. 3500 million

12. The Paleozoic era ended with an event called the a. Chicxulub Impact. b. Cambrian Explosion. c. Great Dying. d. Pangaean Rift.

c. Great Dying.

2. Which one of the following statements is correct? a. P waves travel through solids; S waves do not. b. P and S waves travel through liquids, but P waves do not travel through solids. c. S waves travel through solids and P waves travel through liquids. d. P and S waves travel through liquids, but S waves do not travel through solids.

c. S waves travel through solids and P waves travel through liquids.

4. Eras are divided first into a. epochs. b. millennia. c. periods. d. eons.

c. periods.

1. The saying "the present is the key to the past" is a simple way to state the basic geologic concept called ______________. a. presentarianism b. prepostanarism c. uniformitarianism d. formitarianism

c. uniformitarianism

15. ________ was an important eighteenth century Scottish geologist and proponent of uniformitarianism. a. Isaac Newton b. Charles Lyell c. James Ussher d. James Hutton

d. James Hutton

4. In what order do earthquake waves arrive at seismic stations? a. S-waves, then P-waves, then surface waves b. S-waves, then surface waves, then P-waves c. Surface waves, then P-waves, then S-waves d. P-waves, then S-waves, then surface waves e. Surface waves, then S-waves, then P-waves

d. P-waves, then S-waves, then surface waves

13. We live in the period called the a. Cenozoic. b. Holocene. c. Ordovician. d. Quaternary.

d. Quaternary.

14. Which occurrence is associated with the demise of the dinosaurs? a. The Great Dying b. The Cambrian explosion c. The breakup of Pangaea d. The K-T event

d. The K-T event

11. The term "Cambrian explosion" refers to a. an asteroid impact. b. the breakup of a supercontinent. c. intense, widespread volcanic activity. d. a proliferation of life forms.

d. a proliferation of life forms.

15. A record produced by a seismograph is called a. a gram b. an earthquake c. a record d. a seismogram

d. a seismogram

13. The rock cycle indicates that each type of rock can a. provide materials to make other rocks. b. be changed by natural processes. c. form other types of rocks. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

10. Metamorphism may result from __________. a. heat b. pressure c. chemical action d. all of these

d. all of these

9. Which of the following is FALSE about the Earth's interior? a. it transmits both P-waves and S-waves, though at different speeds b. it is completely solid c. we have drilled wells that deep and collected samples d. answers b and c

d. answers b and c

1. Seismic waves that propagate through Earth are known as a. focus waves. b. surface waves. c. gravity waves. d. body waves.

d. body waves.

7. Earth's thin, rocky, outer layer on which we live is called the a. seismosphere. b. geosphere. c. asthenosphere. d. crust.

d. crust.

5. Where is the epicenter of an earthquake relative to its focus? a. at one and the same position b. on the opposite side of the Earth c. directly below d. directly above e. at either the North or South rotational pole

d. directly above

7. The Jurassic is a(n) a. epoch. b. era. c. eon. d. period.

d. period.

6. S waves and P waves are earthquake body waves. S and P stand for a. sudden and post. b. sigma and pi. c. slow and proper. d. secondary and primary.

d. secondary and primary.

10. Most of our knowledge of the interior of the Earth comes from a. information derived from deep oil wells b. density measurements c. deep mines d. the behavior of seismic waves passing through the Earth e. meteorites

d. the behavior of seismic waves passing through the Earth

3. James Hutton formulated the concept of a. catastrophism. b. superposition. c. plate tectonics. d. uniformitarianism.

d. uniformitarianism.

12. Which of the following is not a process included in the rock cycle? a. compaction and cementation b. weathering and erosion c. heat and pressure d. cooling and melting e. sliding and mixing

e. sliding and mixing