Science - thermal energy transfer and temperature

Convection

Heat transfer caused by the rising of hot air and the falling of cooler, more dense fluids.

Temperature

the average kinetic energy of all the particles in a material; measured by a thermometer in degrees (usually Celsius or Fahrenheit)

environment

All of the matter in the same location.

Give an example of radiation

An example of radiation is the steam coming from a pot of boiling water on the stove.

heat transfer

Thermal energy exchange between objects of different temperatures (conduction, convection, radiation)

Energy

the ability of a system to do work and is required for changes to happen in a system. The ability to cause a change in a system.

Give an example of Conduction

An example of conduction is when the fire from the stove touches the bottom of a pot heating the pot from the bottom to the top.

Give an example of Convection

An example of convection is when the warm water in the pot rises and the cold water sinks.

Describe the transfer of energy that occurs as water freezes.

As water freezes the object's particles slow down as the object cools. This means that the object is giving up some energy.

If two objects have different temperatures, in which direction will heat move? For how long?

If two objects that are different temperatures touch, energy is transferred from the hotter object to the cooler one until they are both the same temperature.

Do all substances transfer the same amount of thermal energy during a certain amount of time? Why or why not?

No, not all substances transfer the same amount of thermal energy during a certain amount of time because some materials are bad heat transfers. For example, metal is a better heat transfer than wood.

How is the temperature of a substance related to kinetic energy?

Temperature measures the kinetic energy of all the particles in a material. Temperature and kinetic energy relate because temperature tells how much motion is in an object.

Give an example of how the environment can affect energy transfer.

The environment can affect thermal energy transfer. For example, when it is really hot outside, an object will get hotter, faster. When it is really cold outside, an object will cool down faster.

The relationship between the temperature of a system and the total energy of the system depends on what factors?

The relationship between the temperature of a system and the total energy of the system depends on the average internal kinetic energy.

Radiation

Thermal energy that is transferred through empty space.

Conduction

Transfer of thermal energy that occurs in solids, liquids, and gases when two substances of a different temperature touch.

Describe what happens to solid ice when the amount of thermal energy increases.

When the amount of thermal energy increases in a solid of ice, the ice will begin to melt because the more thermal energy, the faster the particles in a substance move the warmer the object gets.

Mass

a measure of how much matter is present in a substance, the amount effects thermal energy transfer.

Matter

anything that has mass and volume.