Scientific method

D

Suppose you have the speed on the x axis and braking distance on the y axis, which graph would confirm the hypothesis "Braking distance is proportional to speed?" A. Points on an exponentially decreasing curve B. Points on a (half) parabola through (0,0) C. Points on a horizontal line through (2,0) D. Points on a straight line through (0,0) progressing upward and to the right

Breaking distance

Suppose your hypothesis is; "the breaking distance grows linearly with speed". What is the dependent variable?

A, C

What do you do in the analysis phase? A. Make calculations based on the raw measurements B. Manipulate the hypothesis to fit the data C. Graph the results

A, B

What do you do in the lab smart experiment phase? A. Carry out the strategy chosen in the hypothesis phase B. Collect measurements in the notebook C. Formulate explanations for observations D. Make graphs of the results

Formulate a tentative explanation to your question or your observation

What do you do in the lab smarts hypothesis phase?

Cephalothorax

What is A?

Antennae

What is B?

Compound eye

What is C?

Mouth

What is D?

Leg

What is E?

Exopods

What is F?

A

What is the benefit of the rolling posture? A. It makes the pillbug harder to grasp B. It exposes the spiked armor plates C. It makes the pillbug too big to swallow D. It helps the pillbug to roll away

The independent variable remains the independent variable throughout the experiment

What is true of the independent variable of an experiment?

A possible explanation to a problem or observation

What should you hypothesis represent?

B, C

What would be natural to do in the experiment phase if the hypothesis is: " The heavier the ball, the faster it falls"? A. Graph the relationship between the weight of the ball and the speed B. Drop different balls from a fixed height C. Measure the weight and the falling times of different balls D. Calculate the gravity constant G

A, B, D

What would be natural to do in the experiment phase if your hypothesis is: " The breaking distance grows linearly with speed"? A. Record the breaking distance at different speeds B. Accelerate the car to different speeds in multiple trials C. Write a conclusion to summarize your findings D. Measure the distance covered by braking

A

When pillbugs are placed in a choice chamber which of the following behaviors indicates a preference for the test substance? A. Pillbug spends more time in chamber with test substance B. Pillbug moves back and forth between two chambers C. Pillbug moves away from chamber with test substance D. Pillbug rolls up to defensive position

Tested by scientific experimentation

When you formulate your hypothesis, it is important to be sure that it is an idea that can be ________.

Gills

Which best describes the pillbugs organ of respiration?

A, B, C

Which of the following are most often included as part of a pillbugs diet? A. Leaf litter B. Plant materials C. Rotting wood D. Live insects

D

Which of the following indicates a positive response from the pillbug? A. It rolls up B. It does not move C. It moves away from a substance D. It moves towards a substance

A

Which of the following is desirable when comparing whether an animal prefers one substance as food versus another substance as food? A. The control substance is the same state as the experimental substance (e.g. liquid compared to liquid) B. The control substance varies as many characteristics as possible from the experimental substance C. The control substance has the same odor as the experimental substance D. The control substance is readily available and cheap

B

Which of the following is true of the control group? A. It is exposed to the experimental factor, while the other group is not B. It is treated exactly the same as the experimental group, but without being exposed to the factor being tested C. It is not really a part of the experiment D. No data is collected from the control group

B, C, D

Which of these topics belongs in a scientific paper? A. Dedication and prologue B. Methods (procedures) C. Introduction D. Results

Which will I measure in the experiment It is the change in the dependent variable in response to the independent variable that is measured in an experiment

Which question can you ask yourself to determine the dependent variable of an experiment?

C

Which type of environment is necessary for optimal respiration in pillbugs? A. Subaquatic (underwater) B. Dry, arid C. Moist, damp D. Cold temperatures

Because other researchers must be able to repeat the experiment in order to check the results

Why do scientists put so much effort into documenting their experiment and analysis?

B, C

Why is it important to perform an experiment with a control? A. Because in that way you assure that the substances in the experiment are not harmful to lab personal B. Without a control, negative test result could have been explained causing a false negative C. Without a control, negative test result could have been explained causing a false positive

D

You decide to test your pillbugs preference for an acidic environment versus a non acidic environment. On one side of the chamber you place filter paper moistened with water. What is the appropriate place on the other side to test this variable? A. Sand B. Baking soda C. Juice with pulp D. Filter paper moistened with vinegar E. Cola

C

You decide to test your pillbugs preference for moisture. On one side of the chamber you place filter paper moistened with water. What is appropriate to place on the other side to test this variable? A. Sand B. Baking soda C. Dry filter paper D. Filter paper moistened with vinegar

Anywhere depending upon the problem being examined.

Where can you perform the experiment phase of the scientific method?

A

Which of the following is a defense mechanism of pillbugs against predation? A. Rolling up in a ball B. Biting C. Stinging D. Running toward the predator

1

When preparing your experiment for this laboratory exercise how many substances or conditions should you test at a time?

C. Braking distance

According to the convention, in the example where the hypothesis is: " The braking distance grows linearly with the speed", what usually will be graphed on the y axis? A. Trial number B. Force applied to brake C. Braking distance D. Speed

C

Where are the pillbug organs of smell and taste? A. On their legs B. Under the plates C. On the antennae D. On the uropods

They are all the same basic structure and function

Which best describes the walking legs of a pillbug?

A

Which of the following describes a positive control? A. Group that receives treatment known to elicit a positive response B. Group that receives experimental treatment

B

Which of the following is the role of the control in an experiment? A. To make statistical analysis of data possible B. To compare a treated or exposed group with an untreated group C. To prove or disprove multiple hypothesis D. There is no set role

A, C, E

Which of the following should you do when using a choice chamber to observe pillbug behavior? A. Have a control substance on one side of a choice chamber B. Have test substances on both sides of the chamber C. Place only one test substance in the chamber D. Place at least two substances in the test side of the chamber E. Have a test substance on one side of choice chamber F. Insure pillbug is able to roll up defensively

Speed

Suppose your hypothesis is; "the breaking distance grows linearly with speed". Now lets make a strategy. Which factor will you vary in order to test the hypothesis?

Speed

Suppose your hypothesis is; "the breaking distance grows linearly with speed". What is the independent variable?

D

How is a control group treated in a scientific experiment? A. The control group is treated exactly the same as the experimental group B. The control group receives all the same treatments except the experimental variable C. The control group receives only the experimental variable and nothing else

7

How many pairs of legs does a pillbug have?

C

Hypothesis is; "The braking distance grows linearly with speed" What is commonly graphed on the x axis of the graph? A. Time to brake B. Braking distance C. Speed D. Brake type

C

If you are testing the effects of the experimental variable that is colorless, odorless liquid, which should you use as your control? A. Filter paper B. Flour C. A liquid like plain water D. A liquid like cold water

A B C

Suppose A, B and C is data from identical experiments. Order the three data sets by the degree of support they give to the hypothesis " pillbugs are attracted to flour" the most support at the top.

The control group

Suppose two groups of people are participating in the testing of a new drug. One group is given the drug, the other is given a placebo like a sugar pill. What is the role of the placebo in the group?

A

In an experiment determining the effects of antibiotics on the treatment of pneumonia in mice, two groups of mice with pneumonia are compared. One group, group A receives no antibiotic, and the other group, group B receives 10 mg/kg of body weight of a new antibiotic. Besides the administration of the antibiotic, there are no differences between the two groups of mice. What is the purpose of group A? A. To ensure that only the treatment with only antibiotics has an effect on the pneumonia B. To ensure that the experiment is statistically valid C. To measure how much antibiotic is most effective in treating pneumonia in mice D. To calculate an approximate concentration of antibiotic to use in treating pneumonia in humans

D

In an experiment to test a new drug, one group is given the drug in pill form while another is given a sugar pill. What is the reasoning behind giving some people a sugar pill rather than nothing at all? A. Sugar pills provide energy B. Sugar pills give the test subjects a treat C. The sugar pill might actually cure the disease being studied D. The sugar pill stimulates the same timing, sensation, and psychological stimulation as taking a drug in pill form

Control

In an experiment where two groups are compared, one group has a treatment applied and called the experimental group; the other group is identical to the experimental group, but has not treatment applied. The second group with no treatment applied is called the ______ group

C

In designing an experiment, the researchers must first determine the characteristics of the population that will be involved in the study. For example, a study may be designed to examine the effects of ingested pesticides on young children under the age of 12 years. How should a subject, who fits the age range of the study, be chosen to be a part of a control group or an experimental group? A. Selection should be based on age B. Selection is always based on size C. Selection should be random D. Selection should be based on the sex of the individual

B

Judging from this image would it be confirmed that bugs are attracted to flour? A. Yes, because both the control and the test are positive B. No, because the negative control is positive C. No, because the test and the control are negative D. Yes, because the negative control shows no preference and the test does

A

Lets say you are testing a pillbugs reaction to baking soda. What substance would you choose as a control? A. Fine sand B. Distilled water C. Gravel D. Sugar water