SECOND HALF CH 20-39 REVIEW

Which of the following questions LEAST involves scope of practice considerations when thinking about a problem with a​ patient's medical​ device? -"Do I have the knowledge to fix this​ problem?" -"Is the problem life​ threatening?" -"Is this within my​ protocols?" -"Do I think this problem is the result of​ neglect?"

"Do I think this problem is the result of​ neglect?"

Radioactive material exposure relates most strongly to which letter of​ CBRNE? -B -E -R -C

- *Radioactive material exposure relates most strongly to​ R, Radiological.

You are assessing a victim of a gunshot wound to the head. Her eyes are​ open, but she does not follow or track any movement. There is no eye​ blink, and her pupils are fixed and dilated. Her motor response score is a​ 1, and her verbal response is a 1 as well. What is her​ eye-opening score? - 4 - 1 - 3 - 2

- 1 *Even though her eyes are​ open, she does not score anything higher than a 1 because the response is involuntary and lacks spontaneity.

Which of the following respiratory rate ranges is normal for a child between 1 and 3 years of​ age? - 40 to 60 breaths per minute - 20 to 30 breaths per minute - 12 to 20 breaths per minute - 25 to 50 breaths per minute

- 20 to 30 breaths per minute * 20 to 30 breaths per minute is a normal range of respiratory rate for a patient between about 6 months and 5 years of age.

Part of the assessment of a thermal burn is to calculate the percentage of the body surface area that has been burned. Your patient has burns to her anterior torso​ (chest and​ abdomen) and the anterior surface of her right arm. What is the estimated percentage of body surface​ burned? - 27 percent - 18 percent - 22.5 percent - 13.5 percent

- 22.5 percent *The anterior torso is 9​ + 9​ (chest +​ abdomen), and an entire arm would be​ 9, but only the anterior surface of the​ patient's arm​ (about 1/2) is​ burned, so that would be 4.5 percent. Therefore 9​ + 9​ + 4.5​ = 22.5 percent.

What is the number of patients that generally serves as the lowest possible threshold for a​ multiple-casualty incident? - 2 - 10 - 3 - 15

- 3 *The number of patients required before an MCI can be declared varies in practice. Some jurisdictions will declare an MCI for as few as three patients on the grounds that practice with​ smaller-scale incidents will help EMTs prepare for larger ones. Other jurisdictions reserve the MCI designation for​ five, seven, or more patients

You suspect that your patient is suffering from severe hypothermia. When checking for a​ pulse, you should check​ for: - At least 60 seconds. - 6 seconds. - no more than 10 seconds. - 30 to 45 seconds.

- 30 to 45 seconds. *Hypothermic patients may be very bradycardic and may require a pulse check of 30 to 45 seconds.

You are assessing a patient who is unconscious but who responds to painful stimuli by attempting to push away the painful stimulus​ (for instance, a pinch on the​ leg) with his hand. How would you score his motor response according to the Glasgow Coma​ Scale? - 6 - 4 - 5 - 3

- 5 *Pushing the painful stimulus away is localizing the pain​ (5).

A normal heart rate for a​ 13- to​ 18-year-old patient at rest​ is: - 50 to 95 beats per minute. - 60 to 105 beats per minute. - 120 to 165 beats per minute. - 90 to 135 beats per minute.

- 60 to 105 beats per minute. *The normal resting pulse rate for an adolescent is 60 to 105 beats per minute.

In the United​ States, sickle cell anemia primarily​ affects: - people of Mediterranean descent. - children. - African Americans. - middle-aged women.

- African Americans. *Sickle cell anemia can occur in patients of​ African, Middle​ Eastern, or Indian​ descent, but is most common in patients of African descent.

Which of the following patients is the MOST critical based on trauma triage​ guidelines? - 31-year-old male construction site fall victim who fell approximately 2 stories and demonstrates signs and symptoms of shock - 46-year-old car crash victim with possible right ankle fracture - 26-year-old assault victim with multiple​ self-controlled lacerations across the face and neck with a systolic blood pressure of 110 - 16-year-old male driver with neck and back pain post motor vehicle collision

- ​31-year-old male construction site fall victim who fell approximately 2 stories and demonstrates signs and symptoms of shock *It is believed that the most valuable findings during an assessment are the​ patient's physiologic conditions. Any time you have a patient with an altered mental​ status, hypotension, or an abnormally slow or rapid respiratory​ rate, you should place this patient at a high priority and transport him promptly to a trauma center when available and following your local protocols.

Your patient is unable to move his lower jaw or speak. You should suspect an injury to​ the: -mandible. -orbit. -temporal region. -maxilla.

-mandible. *Inability to move the jaw or speak indicates damage to the mandible.

Central nervous system

The brain and the spinal cord.

Incident Command System (ICS)

A subset of the National Incident Management System (NIMS) designed specifically for management of multiple-casualty incidents.

Activated Charcoal

A substance that absorbs many poisons and prevents them from being absorbed by the body.

Antidote

A substance that will neutralize the poison or its effects.

Tracheostomy

A surgical opening in the neck into the trachea.

Stoma

A surgically created opening into the body, as with a tracheostomy, colostomy, or ileostomy.

Which of the following is included in the daily inspection of the​ ambulance? -Recharging the fire extinguishers -Changing the engine oil -Checking the turn signals -Rotating the tires

Checking the turn signals

Bariatrics

The branch of medicine that deals with the causes of obesity as well as its prevention and treatment.

Which of the following is required on the exterior of a tanker truck that is carrying hazardous​ cargo? -A cargo manifest -An NFPA 704 placard -A DOT hazard placard -A safety data sheet

-A DOT hazard placard *A DOT hazard placard is required to identify hazardous materials being transported. An NFPA placard performs a similar function for fixed facilities.

Which of the following descriptions BEST characterizes heat​ exhaustion? -A condition characterized by fluid and salt loss -An increase in core body temperature above 104 degrees Fahrenheit -Loss of electrolytes and buildup of lactic acid in the muscles -Swelling in the hands and feet with lightheadedness on standing up too quickly

-A condition characterized by fluid and salt loss *Prolonged exposure to excessive heat can create an emergency in which the patient presents with​ moist, pale skin that may feel normal or cool to the​ touch, a condition generally known as heat exhaustion. The individual perspires​ heavily, often drinking large quantities of water. As sweating​ continues, the body loses​ salts, bringing on painful muscle cramps​ (sometimes called heat​ cramps). A person who is actively exercising can lose more than a liter of fluid through perspiration per hour.

Which of the following events is LEAST likely to create a​ multiple-casualty incident? -A​ high-speed impact between a minivan and a sedan -An outdoor stage collapse during a show at a state fair -A motorcycle collision with a guardrail -An apartment complex fire with confirmed entrapment

-A motorcycle collision with a guardrail *​Multiple-casualty incidents typically involve at least three​ patients, and for some jurisdictions the number of patients has to be as high as​ five, seven, or more to qualify as an MCI. A motorcycle collision with a guardrail likely involves one or at most two​ patients, and so is least likely to be an MCI.

What is LEAST likely to be a sign of a psychiatric​ emergency? -A patient is engaged in​ obsessive, repetitive movements of his hands and arms. -A patient appears to be panicked and anxious. -A patient appears to be unable to use appropriate words to express himself. -A patient cries out in pain.

-A patient cries out in pain. *A patient crying out in pain is a normal response if the patient is in pain. The other possibilities could be signs of a psychiatric emergency.

Which patient is LEAST likely to be in danger of committing​ suicide? -A patient in respiratory distress is displaying anxiety. -A patient tells you he feels hopeless about the world. -A patient has just been fired after 20 years of service -A patient is drunk and seems violent.

-A patient in respiratory distress is displaying anxiety. *The patient showing anxiety who is in respiratory distress is having a normal reaction to that condition. The other patients are displaying risk factors for suicide.

You are performing a secondary assessment on your​ 19-year-old trauma patient with a severely bruised trunk and signs of damage to the ribs and sternum. He is coughing up frothy red blood and having difficulty breathing. What injury do these signs point​ to? -Damage to the cervical spine -Injury to abdominal organs -Damage to the brain -A punctured lung

-A punctured lung *A patient with bruising of the trunk and signs of damage to the ribs and sternum who is coughing up frothy red blood and having difficulty breathing most likely has a punctured lung.

In a patient who is experiencing a situational stress​ reaction, which of the following statements is​ TRUE? -A quiet and careful review of the​ patient's situation is best. -The patient can be snapped out of the reaction by a​ stern, loud command. -Tell the patient immediately that whatever is causing the patient stress​ isn't important. -You need to take a​ zero-tolerance attitude toward anything the patient does you find unacceptable.

-A quiet and careful review of the​ patient's situation is best. *Whenever you care for a patient who is displaying typical stress​ reactions, act in a calm​ manner, giving the patient time to gain control of his emotions. Quietly and carefully evaluate the​ situation, keeping your own emotions under control. Let the patient know that you are listening to what he is​ saying, and honestly explain things to the patient. Stay alert for sudden changes in behavior.

During severe external​ bleeding, the brain MAY suffer a lack of oxygen. Which of the following contributes most to that lack of​ oxygen? -The vasodilation that occurs during shock -A reduction in the rate of breathing from shock -A reduction in the number of red blood cells and blood pressure -A redirection of blood flow to the site of the injury

-A reduction in the number of red blood cells and blood pressure *Bleeding results in a loss of​ blood, which includes red blood cells. Blood flow is redirected from less essential organs so that the​ heart, lungs,​ kidneys, and brain can be better perfused.

As you are assessing your pregnant patient and preparing for​ delivery, which of the following will NOT help you make a transport​ decision? -An examination for crowning -A sense of urgency -A determination of vital signs -A series of questions

-A sense of urgency *A simple series of​ questions, an examination for​ crowning, and a determination of vital signs will allow you to make the decision about whether to initiate transport or prepare to deliver the baby where you are.​ However, do not let the urgency of this decision upset the mother. Your patient needs emotional support at this time. Your​ calm, professional actions will help her feel more at ease and assure her that you will provide the required care for both her and the unborn child.

Which of the following blood vessels do you believe will cause the most significant hemorrhage if​ injured? -Brachial artery -Femoral artery -Radial artery -Saphenous vein

-Femoral artery *Of the arteries​ listed, the femoral artery is the largest and can cause the most extensive amount of hemorrhage.

You are evaluating a​ 45-year-old male car wreck victim. Your evaluation of this patient is based on specific characteristics that will be assigned a specific score. What is this score known​ as? -A trauma score -A GCS score -A Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke score -An APGAR score

-A trauma score *A trauma score can help the EMT to make patient care​ decisions, such as transport priority and transport destination.

Which of the following is the LEAST rescuers are required to wear when working at an accident​ scene, day or​ night? -Leather gloves -A Level A containment suit -ANSI Class 2 traffic safety vests and helmets -A HEPA mask

-ANSI Class 2 traffic safety vests and helmets *OSHA regulations require use of a highly visible safety vest or other reflective clothing when rescuers are working in or near traffic. Before exiting the​ vehicle, all responders should be in full protective clothing​ or, at a​ minimum, ANSI Class 2 traffic safety vests and helmets.

What is the typical duration of the FIRST stage of labor in​ first-time mothers? -Less than 6 hours -About 2 hours -At least 24 hours -About 16 hours

-About 16 hours *For​ first-time mothers, the first state of labor usually lasts about 16 hours.

If it is necessary to begin chest compressions on a​ newborn, what is the CORRECT depth of chest​ compression? -About​ two-thirds the depth of the chest -​One-half to one inch -About​ one-third the depth of the chest -Two to two and​ one-half inches

-About​ one-third the depth of the chest *Chest compressions in the neonate should be delivered at a rate of 120 compressions per​ minute, applied over the lower third of the sternum with two thumbs and using fingers to support the​ neonate's back. The depth of compression is​ one-third of the​ anterior-posterior depth of the chest.

Which of the following may be dangerous if done incorrectly or used when not​ indicated? -Active rewarming -Passive rewarming -Applying a thermal blanket -Removing wet clothing

-Active rewarming *Active rewarming may be dangerous. The other interventions listed are passive and appropriate for all hypothermic patients.

Which of the following statements about elderly patients is generally​ TRUE? -After about age​ 30, organ systems lose​ 1% of their function per year. -Head injuries are not common in elderly patients. -Shock develops more slowly in the elderly population. -The signs and symptoms of shock are quite different in the elderly population.

-After about age​ 30, organ systems lose​ 1% of their function per year. *It is difficult to measure precisely or to generalize to all​ individuals, but it is commonly held that starting at about age​ thirty, our organ systems lose about 1 percent of their function each year​ (the "1 percent​ rule").

When is it appropriate to massage the​ patient's uterus? -After delivery of the placenta -Any time before delivery of the baby -Only when ALS providers are present -During labor

-After delivery of the placenta *Uterine massage can help the uterus to contract to reduce vaginal bleeding after delivery of the placenta.

At what point should transport of the injured begin at an​ MCI? -After triage has identified​ "immediate" category patients and transport has been coordinated through the treatment and transport units -After all patients have been triaged -After all​ "minor" patients have been directed to a treatment area to relieve congestion at the scene -As soon as the first ambulance arrives

-After triage has identified​ "immediate" category patients and transport has been coordinated through the treatment and transport units *​"Immediate" patients are transported​ first, but transportation must be coordinated through the treatment and transport units.

When transporting a patient who has inhaled​ poison, what do you take with​ you? -A transport form signed by law enforcement. -All​ containers, bottles, and labels from the substance. -A liability waiver signed by the patient. -A sample of the substance if it is possible to obtain.

-All​ containers, bottles, and labels from the substance. *When transporting a patient who has inhaled​ poison, take all​ containers, bottles, and labels from the substance if it is safe to do so. Do this for poisoning from any substance.

If a patient reports an allergy to​ walnuts, what other foods should the patient probably​ avoid? -Chocolate -Crayfish -Almonds -Strawberries

-Almonds *Walnuts and almonds​ (or any tree​ nuts) may have​ cross-sensitivity.

Which of the following accident scenes will likely require additional​ resources? -An accident involving a pediatric patient -An accident involving an​ off-duty EMS worker -An accident requiring complex extrication -An accident scene with a fatality

-An accident requiring complex extrication *Complex extrication requires specially trained personnel and equipment.

Which of the following patients at the scene of an accident is most likely developing​ shock? -A​ middle-aged male is leaning against a paramedic for support -An elderly female is vomiting on her hands and knees -A male child is crying in an adult​ female's arms -A young adult female is gesturing for your attention

-An elderly female is vomiting on her hands and knees *The elderly female is the most likely of these patients to be developing shock because nausea and vomiting are signs of shock. The other patients are not showing any clear signs of shock.

APPENDICITIS: Define and Signs and Symptoms

-An infection of the appendix. 1/15 people will develop this at some time in their lives. -Nausea and sometimes vomiting, (initially) pain in the area of the umbilicus, persistent pain in the RLQ *If it ruptures, patient will typically experience a sudden severe increase in pain (bowel contents being loose in the peritoneal cavity) *Leads to Peritonitis

Which of the following would BEST describe a patient who is experiencing shock and respiratory compromise after exposure to a known​ allergen? -Moderate allergic reaction -Local allergic reaction -Anaphylaxis -Mild allergic reaction

-Anaphylaxis *In​ anaphylaxis, also called anaphylactic​ shock, exposure to the allergen will cause blood vessels to rapidly dilate and cells to leak​ fluid, which will causes a drop in blood pressure​ (hypotension). Many tissues may​ swell, including those that line the respiratory system. This swelling can obstruct the​ airway, leading to respiratory failure.

Your patient presents with signs and symptoms of shock after a motor vehicle crash. Which of the following would be one such​ sign? -Measured speech -Increased docility -Heightened alertness -Apparent agitation

-Apparent agitation *A sign that this patient is in shock would be apparent agitation because altered mental status from shock can manifest in behavioral changes such as​ anxiety, restlessness, and combativeness. Measured speech would most likely be an indicator of normal mental function. Heightened alertness would indicate a high level of mental function but not necessarily an abnormal one. Increased docility is the opposite of​ anxiety, restlessness, and combativeness.

At the landing zone for a medical​ helicopter, which of the following actions is​ appropriate? -Approach fully erect from the direction of the tail rotor. -If the landing zone is not​ flat, approach from the uphill side. -Approach the aircraft from the​ front, escorted by the flight personnel. -Approach as soon as the helicopter skids touch the ground.

-Approach the aircraft from the​ front, escorted by the flight personnel. *Do not approach a helicopter unless escorted by the flight personnel. Allow the helicopter crew to direct the loading of the patient. Never walk around the tail rotor area and always approach in a crouch.

Your patient is 35 weeks pregnant. She states that her water has broken. Which of the following questions is MOST​ important? -How many pregnancies have you​ had? -When was your last OB​ visit? -Have your previous pregnancies been​ normal? -Are you having​ contractions?

-Are you having​ contractions? *It is important to determine whether the patient is in labor. Asking about contractions will help in this.

You have a patient with a long laceration to his thigh after falling through a roof he was working on. The bleeding is bright red and​ spurting, and the patient is becoming increasingly pale and disoriented. How would you characterize this​ bleeding? -Venous -Capillary -Noncritical -Arterial

-Arterial *Bright​ red, spurting blood from a wound usually indicates a severed or damaged artery. The blood is bright red because it is rich in oxygen. Spurting generally coincides with the pulse or contraction of the heart. Arterial bleeding can be more difficult to control than any other type of bleeding because of the higher pressure in the arteries.

In neurogenic​ shock, what mechanism causes​ hypoperfusion? -Loss of nervous regulation results in the blood vessels contracting​ completely, not allowing blood to flow. -Injury to the neurological system causes the blood vessels to leak extensively. -Nervous control necessary for the heart to continue to beat effectively is lost. -Arteries that are under continuous nervous control lose their ability to maintain contraction and dilate​ fully, causing a drop in blood pressure.

-Arteries that are under continuous nervous control lose their ability to maintain contraction and dilate​ fully, causing a drop in blood pressure. *When arteries dilate​ fully, blood pressure​ drops, leading to hypoperfusion of critical organs. The problem then arises from the​ "pipes" of the cardiovascular system.

As a general​ rule, what action should you take when you encounter medical technology with which you are not familiar when caring for a​ patient? -Turn off the equipment in preparation for transport. -Disable any alarms on the equipment in preparation for transport. -Ask the patient and caregivers about the device. -Take the equipment with the patient.

-Ask the patient and caregivers about the device. *Before making any decisions about​ disconnecting, powering​ down, or transporting unfamiliar medical​ technology, always ask the patient and his or her caregivers about the use of the equipment.

You arrive at the home of a​ 65-year-old male patient with chest pain. His wife gives you a list of medications that he is taking because of previous heart attacks. One of the daily medications is aspirin. Why does the patient take daily doses of​ aspirin? -Aspirin helps to reduce the pain of angina or heart attacks. -Aspirin counteracts the side effects of​ nitroglycerin, which include headache. -Aspirin helps to inhibit clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation. -He is probably taking aspirin for his arthritis.

-Aspirin helps to inhibit clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation. *Daily aspirin is often prescribed to inhibit platelet​ aggregation, which prevents clots from forming. When clots​ form, they could occlude coronary​ arteries, leading to heart attacks.

You suspect that your patient has a GI bleed. She presents with​ tachycardia, hypotension, and pale skin. What stage of shock is she MOST likely​ in? -Early shock -Hypovolemic shock -Decompensated shock -Compensated shock

-Decompensated shock *On the basis of the​ patient's vital signs and skin​ condition, in particular her abnormally low blood​ pressure, she is in decompensated shock.

If you are transporting a patient still attached to a​ ventilator, then which of the following would you not​ do? -Firmly affix the ventilator to the stretcher. -Secure the ventilator to prevent movement in the ambulance. -Obtain extra help if a​ bag-valve mask will be used during transport. -Assume that any ventilator will have enough battery for most ambulance trips.

-Assume that any ventilator will have enough battery for most ambulance trips. *Consider transport time versus battery​ life, and plug the ventilator into the​ ambulance's inverter if available.

How many straps should a​ patient-securing device​ have? -At least three -At least one -At least four -At least two

-At least three *A​ patient-carrying device should have a minimum of three straps for securely holding the patient. The first should be at the chest​ level, the second at hip or waist​ level, and the third on the lower extremities. Sometimes there is a fourth strap if two are crossed at the chest.

At what point for most services should your daily vehicle inspection checklist be​ performed? -On being dispatched for your first call of the shift -At the beginning of your​ shift, before your first call -When you arrive at the scene of the first call of your shift -On returning to service after the first call of the shift

-At the beginning of your​ shift, before your first call *Most services require that an inspection of the vehicle and equipment be conducted at the start of every shift to ensure readiness.

When you are assisting a pregnant patient in labor with the delivery of her​ baby, where should your partner be​ positioned? -Next to you -At the​ patient's left side -At the​ patient's right side -At the​ patient's head

-At the​ patient's head *Position your assistant—your partner, the​ father, or someone the mother agrees to have assist you—at the​ mother's head. This person should stay alert to help turn the​ mother's head in case she vomits. In​ addition, this person should provide emotional support to the​ mother, soothing and encouraging her.

Which of the following statements regarding the provision of care to a patient with a breech presentation is​ FALSE? -Attempt to deliver the baby by pulling on his legs. -Place the mother in a​ head-down position with the pelvis elevated. -Initiate rapid transport upon recognition of a breech presentation. -Provide​ high-concentration oxygen.

-Attempt to deliver the baby by pulling on his legs. *Never attempt to deliver the baby by pulling on his legs.

What adjective BEST describes the attitude you should take toward a patient experiencing a severe stress​ reaction? -Fawning -Dominant -Attentive -Lofty

-Attentive *You should be attentive toward the​ patient, listening to what the patient says and giving​ honest, thoughtful replies to the​ patient's questions.

What is a mechanism of injury for a blast other than the blast​ wave? -Lacerating trauma -A​ low-energy blast wind -Penetrating trauma -Burns

-A​ low-energy blast wind *Primary and secondary blast injuries create specific injury patterns. There are two​ mechanisms: a​ high-energy overpressurization, usually a blast​ wave, and a​ low-energy blast wind.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a sign of abuse or​ neglect? -The patient is kept in a dark back room and is unwashed and undernourished. -A patient has multiple injuries in various stages of healing. -A​ patient's tracheostomy tube requires suctioning to clear it of secretions. -The story of a​ patient's injury is inconsistent with the injury itself.

-A​ patient's tracheostomy tube requires suctioning to clear it of secretions. *Stories that are inconsistent with​ injuries, multiple injuries in various stages of​ healing, repeated​ injuries, and​ caregivers' indifference to the patient should bring to mind the possibility of abuse or neglect.​ However, if a​ patient's tracheostomy tube requires suctioning to clear it of​ secretions, that is a routine intervention that must be performed regularly with such tubes and does not in itself indicate abuse or neglect.

In bandaging a hand​ wound, what important consideration is​ necessary? -The dressing does not need to be sterile because the hand is typically not clean. -Bandage the hand in the position of function. -Bandage the lower​ arm, wrist, and​ hand, including the fingertips. -The arm should be wrapped with elastic gauze from the elbow toward the fingertips.

-Bandage the hand in the position of function. *It is important to bandage the hand in the position of​ function, leaving the fingernails visible and wrapping distal to proximal.

Which of the following is NOT carried from the​ mother's blood vessels across the placenta to the blood vessels of the​ fetus? -Drugs -Alcohol -Carbon dioxide -Nicotine

-Carbon dioxide *In a process similar to the diffusion between the alveoli and pulmonary​ capillaries, oxygen and nutrients​ (and drugs,​ nicotine, and​ alcohol) from the​ mother's blood vessels are carried across the placenta to the blood vessels of the fetus. Carbon dioxide and certain other waste products cross from fetal circulation to maternal circulation.

Your EMS system requires EMTs to report suspected child abuse. Which of the following statements about reporting suspected abuse is​ TRUE? -Your subjective impression of the patient is important to report. -If you think the parent is the type of person who would be an​ abuser, report that assumption. -Be careful to qualify statements of your suspicions with words such as​ "suspected" and​ "possible." -Identify the person you suspect of being an abuser as the​ "child abuser."

-Be careful to qualify statements of your suspicions with words such as​ "suspected" and​ "possible." *Even when talking to your​ partner, the hospital​ staff, the​ police, and your​ superiors, use the terms​ "suspected" and​ "possible" when reporting suspicions of child abuse. Always be objective and report only the facts. Avoid generalizations and assumptions. Do not call someone a child abuser. Keep in mind that the courts can deal harshly with those who provide patient care then violate the confidentiality of the​ patient, the​ family, and the home. Rumors about abuse​ may, in the long​ run, cause mental or physical harm to your child patient.

Why does referred pain​ occur? -Because the nerve endings near the origin of the pain have been destroyed -Because of patient misperception because it is not true pain -Because of the stimulation of associated nerve pathways -Because adjacent visceral structures are also involved in the disease process

-Because of the stimulation of associated nerve pathways *Referred pain arises from the stimulation of associated nerve pathways. For​ example, when a gallbladder is​ diseased, pain is often felt not in the area of the gallbladder​ but, instead, in the area of the right shoulder blade. This is because nerve pathways from the gallbladder return to the spinal cord by way of shared pathways with nerves that sense pain in the shoulder area.

Why is visceral pain more difficult to locate than parietal​ pain? -Because nerve pathways from the viscera do not enter the spinal cord -Because visceral pain can be stimulated only by inflammation of the organ -Because organs have fewer nerve sensory receptors -Because abdominal organs cover a greater area than the peritoneum

-Because organs have fewer nerve sensory receptors *Organs have fewer pain​ receptors, which makes visceral pain more difficult to localize.

Which of the following is defined as a situation in which a​ patient's behavior becomes so​ bizarre, threatening, or dangerous that it alarms the patient or others and requires​ intervention? -Abnormal behavior -Psychosis -Overdose -Behavioral emergency

-Behavioral emergency *A behavioral emergency is when a​ patient's behavior is not typical for the​ situation; when the​ patient's behavior is unacceptable or intolerable to the​ patient, his​ family, or the​ community; or when the patient may harm himself or others.

Which of the following types of weapon of mass destruction is MOST likely to involve the threat of​ infection? -Nuclear -Radiological -Chemical -Biological

-Biological *A biological agent would most likely involve the threat of exposure to infection.

Which of the following is a common cause of nontraumatic brain​ injury? -Blood clot -TIA -Tinnitus -Syncope

-Blood clot *Hemorrhage and blood clots are common causes of nontraumatic brain injury.

During supine hypotension​ syndrome, how does the​ mother's body compensate for​ hypotension? -Blood flow will be directed to the fetus. -The​ mother's body stimulates widespread vasodilation. -Blood flow will be directed away from the fetus. -The​ mother's heart rate will decrease.

-Blood flow will be directed away from the fetus. *When the mother is​ hypotensive, blood flow is directed away from the fetus toward the​ mother's vital organs.

You are treating a​ 42-year-old male complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. You notice that he appears​ pale, cool, and sweaty. What is the MOST likely reason for these​ findings? -The body is attempting to rid waste products through the skin as well as the kidneys. -Blood vessels constrict in response to sympathetic​ stimulation, causing a decrease in blood flow to the skin. -Blood vessels are​ dilating, causing inadequate gas exchange. -The​ patient's pain receptors are causing his vessels to expand and dilate.

-Blood vessels constrict in response to sympathetic​ stimulation, causing a decrease in blood flow to the skin. *Narrowing of the blood vessels decreases blood flow to the skin and eventually the gastrointestinal tract. Patients will experience this during​ shock, or​ hypoperfusion, and will appear​ pale, cool, and sweaty.

What type of injury is likely to produce a flail​ segment? -Blunt trauma -Pneumothorax -Open chest wound -Penetrating trauma

-Blunt trauma *A flail segment is most likely the result of blunt trauma due to the mechanism of force that fractures the ribs in multiple locations.

Your patient was experiencing anaphylaxis with severe hypoxia when you administered his epinephrine​ auto-injector. Within​ minutes, his oxygen saturation improved. What therapeutic effect of epinephrine would BEST explain this​ improvement? -Bronchodilation -Increased heart rate -Vasoconstriction -Reduction of vascular permeability

-Bronchodilation *Bronchodilation is a common therapeutic effect of epinephrine and would likely improve his oxygenation the most. Although epinephrine does cause the other​ effects, they are less likely to affect oxygenation levels.

How does the skin provide temperature​ regulation? -By opening temperature pores in the skin -By thickening or thinning the layers of the skin -By increasing or decreasing the metabolism within the skin structures -By altering the blood flow to the skin and by controlling perspiration

-By altering the blood flow to the skin and by controlling perspiration *The skin achieves temperature regulation by altering the blood flow to the skin and by controlling perspiration.

Which of the following risk factors is the least indicative of a potential suicide​ attempt? -Calling 911 for help -Having a detailed plan for suicide -Previous suicide attempts -Recent improvements from deep depression

-Calling 911 for help *A person who calls for help is not at great risk for a successful suicide attempt.

Which of the following signs of shock is useful in pediatric patients but not in​ adults? -Capillary refill -Tachycardia -Restlessness -Tachypnea

-Capillary refill *Capillary refill is not a reliable assessment tool in adult patients but is useful in pediatric patients 5 years of age or younger.

What is a​ physical, nonpsychiatric cause for strange​ behavior? -Hypoxia -​Obsessive-compulsive disorder -Posttraumatic stress disorder -Schizophrenia

-Hypoxia *Hypoxia can cause altered mental status and is a physical reason that a patient might behave strangely.

You respond to the scene of a​ 27-year-old female who was working on her car when she​ "snagged her hand on a sharp​ edge." She has napkins around her hand covering the wound. You uncover it and note that the bleeding is slow and dark red in color. Direct pressure easily stops the bleeding. Based on this​ information, what is the source of her​ bleeding? -Capillary bleed -Cephalic vein -Radial artery -Brachial artery

-Cephalic vein *Dark red blood that flows steadily from a wound usually indicates a severed or damaged vein. When blood is dark​ red, it is depleted of oxygen. A steady flow usually indicates venous​ bleeding, because veins are under less pressure than arteries. Venous bleeding may be​ profuse, but it is usually easier to control than arterial bleeding because of its lower pressure.

Which of the following indications should you use to determine whether to prepare for​ on-the-scene delivery? -Check for the appearance of the​ baby's scalp,​ buttocks, or feet at the vaginal opening. -Check the height of the uterine fundus. -Determine whether the mucus plug is intact. -Check for cervical dilation to 8 cm or more.

-Check for the appearance of the​ baby's scalp,​ buttocks, or feet at the vaginal opening. *EMTs do not perform internal vaginal examinations to check cervical dilation. Of the other signs​ described, only crowning is a reliable indication that delivery is imminent. If part of the​ baby's head or presenting part is visible with each​ contraction, then birth is imminent.

Which of the following would NOT indicate severe airway obstruction of a pediatric​ patient? -Respiratory difficulty accompanied by stridor -Cyanosis -Child's cough becomes ineffective -Child cries loudly

-Child cries loudly *Inability to cry or speak would indicate a severe airway obstruction.

Which of the following statements about shock in pediatric patients is​ TRUE? -Children rarely develop shock because of their large blood volume. -Children decompensate quickly but also recover quickly. -Children compensate for shock for a long​ time, then crash quickly. -Children are unable to compensate for shock.

-Children compensate for shock for a long​ time, then crash quickly. *Children compensate well during shock until they lose about​ 30% of their blood volume. After​ that, they deteriorate rapidly.

What is an inhaled​ poison? -Snake venom -Weed killer -Chlorine -Rat poison

-Chlorine *Chlorine is an inhaled poison.

At a hazardous materials​ incident, which of the following areas is used for triaging​ patients, performing necessary​ treatment, and stabilizing patients before​ transport? -Hot zone -Cold zone -Decon zone -Warm zone

-Cold zone *After decontamination in the warm​ zone, patients are​ triaged, treated, and stabilized for transport in the cold zone.

Which of the following is typically helpful in assessing a pediatric​ patient? -Communicate with the patient at eye level. -Tell the patient to answer with​ "yes" or​ "no" only. -Ask the parent to leave the room. -Let the patient know that you are in charge.

-Communicate with the patient at eye level. *Communicating at eye level may reduce the​ patient's anxiety. The other choices are not helpful.

For a patient at what stage of shock are the efforts of EMTs likely to be MOST successful and have the GREATEST impact on a positive​ outcome? -Irreversible shock -Compensated shock -Refractory shock -Decompensated shock

-Compensated shock *An​ EMT's efforts during compensated shock have the greatest chance of​ success, as it is difficult to change the course of events during other stages.

A patient who told his friend that he planned to commit suicide is refusing ambulance transportation but is agreeable to going to the hospital via a​ friend's private vehicle. What action should you take at this​ point? -Have the patient sign a refusal of care and transportation form. -Allow the friend to transport the patient via private vehicle. -Contact medical direction for assistance. -Have your partner accompany the patient in the​ friend's car.

-Contact medical direction for assistance. *Contacting medical direction for assistance would be the best action to take in this situation.

In your management of a patient with true anaphylaxis who has a prescribed epinephrine​ auto-injector, which of the following interventions is MOST​ correct? -If she is​ unconscious, place the patient upright in a position of comfort to assist her breathing difficulty. -Wait for ALS to arrive before giving any​ medications, including epinephrine. -Place the patient on oxygen at 6 lpm via nasal cannula. -Contact medical direction for authorization to administer the epinephrine​ auto-injector.

-Contact medical direction for authorization to administer the epinephrine​ auto-injector. *Administering the​ patient's auto-injector is the most effective treatment. In true​ anaphylaxis, epinephrine should never be delayed for other treatments.

You are caring for a​ 46-year-old female who accidentally sustained burns to her left hand up to the wrist from boiling water. You arrive moments after the incident. Of the​ following, which should you do​ FIRST? -Apply a topical analgesic ointment to the burn area to reduce the pain -Remove any rings or other jewelry from the​ patient's hand and wrist -Cool the burned area to stop the burning process. -Check the​ patient's pulse and blood pressure in the affected extremity

-Cool the burned area to stop the burning process. *Your first priority is to stop the burning process by cooling the burned area.

When treating a patient with an open musculoskeletal injury to the​ thigh, how would you BEST treat the open​ wound? -Splint the​ wound, cover with compression​ bandages, and transport as soon as possible. -Cover the open wound with a sterile​ dressing, pack with​ ice, and wrap with​ self-adhesive bandages. -Cover the wound with bulky​ dressings, keep the extremity​ level, and transport immediately. -Cover the open wound with a sterile​ dressing, elevate the​ extremity, and apply a cold pack to the area to help reduce swelling.

-Cover the open wound with a sterile​ dressing, elevate the​ extremity, and apply a cold pack to the area to help reduce swelling. *If appropriate when treating a patient with musculoskeletal​ injuries, cover open wounds with sterile​ dressings, elevate the​ extremity, and apply a cold pack to the area to help reduce swelling.

A patient has partial thickness burns over 18 percent of his​ body, including both feet. Which of the following classifications does this​ patient's burns fall​ under? -Critical -Minor -Superficial -Moderate

-Critical *Burns involving the​ hands, feet,​ face, or genitalia are considered to be​ critical, regardless of the total body surface area​ involved, because of the potential loss of function.

What change in vital signs would typically indicate that patient with an allergic reaction has progressed to​ anaphylaxis? -Bradypnea -Hypertension -Decreased oxygen saturation -Bradycardia

-Decreased oxygen saturation *Decreased oxygen saturation along with​ tachycardia, hypotension, and tachypnea are vital signs associated with anaphylaxis.

Which of the following describes shock following spinal​ injury? -Paralysis of the respiratory muscles occurring with injury to the thoracic spine -Paralysis to only one side of the body that does not resolve -Inadequate circulation indicated by a rapid pulse and​ cool, clammy skin -Dilation of the blood vessels resulting in reduction of perfusion to tissues

-Dilation of the blood vessels resulting in reduction of perfusion to tissues *With a spinal cord​ injury, there can be a severing of the sympathetic nerve​ tracts, which will result in vasodilation and an inability to increase the heart rate. This can result in hypotension from vasodilation and a drop in cardiac​ output, leading to poor peripheral perfusion.

What is the LEAST common reason patients with ESRD miss their dialysis​ appointments? -Illness -Distrust of the treatment -Bad weather -Poor compliance

-Distrust of the treatment *Bad​ weather, illness, and poor compliance are all common reasons patients with ESRD miss their dialysis appointments. Dialysis is a​ well-established, life-sustaining treatment for​ ESRD, so distrust of the treatment would be the least common reason patients might miss their appointments.

As you approach a patient with severe hemorrhaging from one​ arm, what should you do​ FIRST? -Check the​ patient's airway. -Don standard precautions before touching the patient. -Immediately elevate the arm and apply direct pressure. -Place the patient on​ high-flow oxygen to manage the​ patient's hypoperfusion.

-Don standard precautions before touching the patient. *When bleeding is​ discovered, use standard precautions to protect against open wounds that may pose a risk of infection or other serious disease to the EMT.

Which of the following statements is​ TRUE? -EMTs should determine the cause of abdominal pain before recommending transport. -EMTs should not delay transport to determine the specific cause of abdominal pain. -There are few serious causes of abdominal pain. -Abdominal complaints are typically easy to diagnose.

-EMTs should not delay transport to determine the specific cause of abdominal pain. *Diagnosing abdominal pain is difficult. EMTs should not delay transport to diagnose a cause. Many causes of abdominal pain are life​ threatening, especially in females.

Which of the following should you do when interacting with a behavioral​ patient? -Avoid discussing what is troubling the patient. -Encourage the patient to discuss what is troubling him or her. -Limit the interaction to no more than 15 minutes. -Lie to the patient if it assists with your assessment.

-Encourage the patient to discuss what is troubling him or her. *It is a good idea to encourage the patient to discuss what is troubling him or her. The other choices are not appropriate.

A nuclear device has exploded in the center of a city. You would LEAST to expect which type of harm in the immediate aftermath of this​ event? -Etiological -Radiological -Thermal -Mechanical

-Etiological *Immediately after a nuclear​ explosion, you would least expect to encounter etiological harm from disease.

You are summoned to a skilled nursing facility for an elderly male with kidney disease and an indwelling urinary catheter. The staff at the facility tells you that his urinary catheter has not drained in hours. What is your BEST course of​ action? -The catheter is not in​ position, so you should tug firmly on the catheter to properly position it. -Evaluate the patient fully and prepare for transport to the hospital for continued care. -Remove the catheter immediately. -Clear the blockage of the catheter by instilling a bolus of sterile saline.

-Evaluate the patient fully and prepare for transport to the hospital for continued care. *All other options are either inappropriate or out of your scope of practice and management.

Which of the following should be done FIRST if you are the first arriving unit to a suspected weapons of mass destruction​ incident? -Determining the exact agent or device involved -Evaluating the incident area -Decontaminating patients -Triaging all patients

-Evaluating the incident area *To effectively implement scene control and ensure public​ safety, emergency responders must quickly and accurately evaluate the incident area and determine the severity of danger.

Which of the following statements about puncture wounds is​ correct? -Even​ insignificant-looking puncture wounds can cause devastating injuries. -Puncture wounds carry a much lower risk of infection than other open wounds. -A puncture wound is not serious unless it is deep. -If there is little external evidence of​ bleeding, internal bleeding is unlikely.

-Even​ insignificant-looking puncture wounds can cause devastating injuries. *Common puncture wounds are relatively small and insignificant to look at​ but, depending on the depth of​ penetration, may cause devastating injuries. Your assessment may find only tiny external wounds on the surface of the​ skin, but the damage may prove to be deadly. Always consider a puncture wound a serious injury. The threat of contamination and subsequent infection is high.

An event involving which of the following would create a high index of suspicion for a terrorist​ incident? -Casualties -Property damage -Psychological effects -Explosives

-Explosives *An event involving explosives would create a high index of suspicion for a terrorist incident.

Which of the following can you NOT do before disentanglement in the vehicle extrication​ process? -Stabilize the vehicle. -Extricate the patient from the vehicle. -Provide a primary assessment. -Size up the situation.

-Extricate the patient from the vehicle. *You must disentangle the patient before extricating the patient from the vehicle.

Which of the following is the BEST choice for blocking a highway accident scene and protecting the scene from oncoming​ traffic? -Ambulance -Police vehicle -EMS helicopter -Fire apparatus

-Fire apparatus *A fire vehicle is​ large, heavy, and highly visible. The ambulance loading area should not be exposed to oncoming traffic.

Which of the following hazmat training levels requires at least eight hours of​ training? -Hazardous Materials Specialist -Hazardous Materials Technician -First Responder Operations -First Responder Awareness

-First Responder Operations *Awareness has no minimum hours. Operations requires eight​ hours; technicians and specialists require at least 24 hours.

Which of the following is TRUE about absorbed​ poisons? -If the poison is a dry​ chemical, immediately flush the area with clean water. -A contaminated eye should be irrigated from the corner of the eye across the bridge of the nose. -Absorbed poisons cause local reactions at the point of contact but rarely cause systemic reactions. -For an absorbed​ liquid, irrigate with clean water for 20 minutes and continue en route if possible.

-For an absorbed​ liquid, irrigate with clean water for 20 minutes and continue en route if possible.

A patient who was injured by lightning is awake on your arrival but is not able to hear what you are saying. He can talk and is frightened because he does not know what happened. The patient was in a picnic area at a park and was thrown several feet to the ground when the lightning struck near him. Which of the following steps has the HIGHEST priority in this​ patient's assessment and​ treatment? -Fully immobilize the patient. -Apply sterile dressings to the burn sites. -Evaluate the electrical burns. -Apply oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 12 to 15 lpm.

-Fully immobilize the patient. *All serious electrical shock patients should be fully immobilized because electrical current can cause severe muscular contraction.​ Also, the patient may have been thrown by a​ high-voltage current. In either​ case, there is the possibility of a spinal injury that requires immobilization. There is no indication from the primary assessment​ (the patient is able to talk to​ you) that he needs immediate high​ flow-oxygen. Evaluating the electrical burns should be secondary to immobilizing the​ patient, and dressings would not be applied until after that evaluation.

Your patient is a​ 38-year-old female who was mowing the lawn where the outdoor temperature is 96 degrees Fahrenheit with 80 percent humidity. She is sitting outside on the porch complaining of severe cramping in the calves of her legs. Which of the following should be your FIRST step in managing this​ patient? -Get the patient out of the hot environment. -Assist the patient in gently stretching her calf muscles. -Have the patient drink two​ 16-oz. bottles of cold water. -Place the patient in a cold water bath.

-Get the patient out of the hot environment. *Removing the patient from the hot environment is the first step in managing a​ heat-related emergency.

You are caring for a​ 15-year-old female who has sustained a laceration to her lower arm. It is spurting bright red blood uncontrollably. What personal protective equipment would be MOST preferred in managing this​ wound? -Gloves and a gown -Gown and mask -Gloves only -Gloves and a face shield

-Gloves and a face shield *The risk of body fluid exposure is​ great, and full protection of the​ eyes, mouth,​ nose, and hands is necessary. Be certain to wear disposable gloves and other barrier devices to avoid contact with the​ patient's blood and body fluids. Follow infection control procedures.

What is the highest level of training for hazmat incidents under OSHA​ regulations? -Material Safety Data Sheet Coordinator -Hazardous Materials Specialist -Hazardous Materials Director -First Responder Operations

-Hazardous Materials Specialist *The highest level of training is Hazardous Materials Specialist.

Which of the following is represented by the blue area of the NFPA 704​ placard? -Instability hazards -Health hazards -Flammability hazards -Special hazards

-Health hazards *The blue area of the NFPA 704 placard identifies health hazards presented by the substance.

Which of the following components is NOT used during the evaluation of the Revised Trauma​ Score? -Systolic blood pressure -Respiratory rate -Glasgow Coma Scale -Heart rate

-Heart rate *In computing the Revised Trauma Score​ (RTS), the​ patient's GCS score​ (eye, motor, and​ verbal), systolic blood​ pressure, and respiratory rate are taken into consideration. The heart rate is not included in the computation.

What effect does humidity have on the efficiency of evaporative heat​ loss? -Heat loss is not affected by humidity. -The effect of humidity on heat loss is unpredictable. -Heat loss is increased by higher humidity. -Heat loss is reduced by higher humidity.

-Heat loss is reduced by higher humidity. *Evaporation is less effective in higher humidity.

Which of the following conditions is associated with a breakdown in the​ body's heat-regulating mechanisms and a dramatic and dangerous increase in core body​ temperature? -Heat exhaustion -Heat collapse -Heat cramps -Heat stroke

-Heat stroke *Heat stroke is a​ life-threatening emergency in which the​ body's thermoregulatory mechanisms break down and there is a dramatic and dangerous increase in core body temperature.

You find out that one of your patients from an earlier car wreck suffered bleeding that caused the blood to collect and pool within the​ patient's skull. Based on this​ information, you know that the patient MOST likely suffered which type of brain​ injury? -Contusion -Laceration -Concussion -Hematoma

-Hematoma *A collection of blood within the skull or brain is known as a hematoma.

Your patient has a large bump on the forehead from being hit by a baseball. What type of injury is​ this? -Contusion -Stellate -Hematoma -Crush injury

-Hematoma *A hematoma is similar to a contusion except that it usually involves damage to a larger blood vessel and a larger amount of tissue. It is characterized by more severe internal bleeding and the collection of a larger volume of blood beneath the skin than a​ contusion, which is more of a simple bruise.

In an allergic​ reaction, what substance released by mast cells and basophils causes​ bronchoconstriction, promotion of thick mucus production in the​ lungs, vasodilation, and increased vascular​ permeability? -Basophils -Histamine -Adrenaline -Plasma

-Histamine *Histamine is a potent substance that causes​ bronchoconstriction, promotion of thick mucus production in the​ lungs, vasodilation, and increased vascular permeability. Histamine acts by activating specialized histamine receptors that are present throughout the body. These are released with degranulation of immune cells during an allergic reaction. Basophils are components of the immune system. Plasma is the liquid portion of the blood. Adrenaline is otherwise known as epinephrine and is a neurotransmitter for the autonomic nervous system.

LARGE INTESTINE (COLON): Type and Purpose

-Hollow digestive -The large intestine absorbs fluid from its contents, creating fecal waste for excretion through the rectum and anus.

SMALL INTESTINE: Type and Purpose

-Hollow digestive -The small intestine, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, takes stomach contents and removes nutrients as it passes its contents to the large intestine.

STOMACH: Type and Purpose

-Hollow digestive -This expandable organ, located below the diaphragm and connected to the esophagus and small intestine, begins the breakdown of foods.

GALLBLADDER: Type and Purpose

-Hollow digestive -This organ stores bile before its release into the intestine.

ESOPHAGUS: Type and Purpose

-Hollow digestive -This structure carries food from the mouth and pharynx to the stomach.

APPENDIX: Type and Purpose

-Hollow lymphatic -This dead-ended sac of bowel rich in lymphatic tissue has no function in digestion. It may become infected (appendicitis), causing pain and requiring surgery.

BLADDER: Type and Purpose

-Hollow urinary -This organ collects urine from the kidneys prior to excretion (urination).

Which of the following is used to reduce the pain from injection of venom by a marine​ animal? -Hot water -Ice -Saline solution -Cold water

-Hot water *Vinegar can help to inactivate the​ venom, and hot water may further reduce pain.

Which of the following zones designates where the hazardous materials contamination is actually​ present? -Contamination zone -Cold zone -Warm zone -Hot zone

-Hot zone *The area of actual contamination by the hazardous material is called the hot zone.

What should you include on your PCR about the restraining of an angry​ patient? -How long the police were on scene before the procedure was executed -How far away from the hospital you were when the procedure was executed -How and why the patient was restrained -How justified you feel about the decision to have restrained the patient

-How and why the patient was restrained *Documenting how and why the patient was restrained helps to demonstrate that reasonable force was used in the restraint process. If you include the names of the other providers who assisted​ (which you should​ anyway), you are providing the names of more people who can attest to the events if the patient complains.

When you call an emergency response hotline regarding hazardous​ materials, which information is LEAST​ relevant? -How long ago you believe the incident might have begun -Nature and location of the problem -Estimate of the quantity of material transported and released -Injuries and exposures

-How long ago you believe the incident might have begun *Speculating about the time the incident might have begun would be the least relevant information you could communicate.

You are caring for a patient who has apparently attempted suicide by taking her​ father's prescription drug. In addition to knowing what drug it​ is, its​ dosage, and when she took the​ drug, what other detail related to the drug is​ important? -When the medication was prescribed to the father -How many capsules were in the container before and after the ingestion -Whether the medication is a brand name or generic -The expiration date on the container

-How many capsules were in the container before and after the ingestion *You should try to find out how many capsules were in the container before and after ingestion.

You just arrived at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving two cars. The passenger of one car is sitting in the front seat unconscious with her chin to her chest. She is having snoring​ respirations, so you carefully position her head in a neutral position to clear her airway. In doing​ so, you notice that her nose is​ bleeding, there is a reddened area on her forehead at the​ hairline, and the windshield is​ starred, with some hair stuck in the fractured glass. What type of cervical injury should you​ suspect? -Hyperflexion or rotational injury -Hyperextension or hyperflexion injury -Axial loading or hyperextension injury -Axial loading or rotational injury

-Hyperextension or hyperflexion injury *Given the​ information, hyperextension or hyperflexion injury should be suspected because the mechanism of injury suggests that the head has been extended or flexed beyond its normal range of motion.

Which of the following signs is LEAST associated with seizures in​ pregnancy? -Weight gain -Swelling of the​ face, hands,​ ankles, and feet -Altered mental status -Hypotension

-Hypotension *​Hypertension, not​ hypotension, is a sign associated with seizures in pregnancy.

Hematoma

A swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel.

Which of the following is NOT a basic guideline for safe​ driving? -Ignore GPS and other distractions. -Minimize​ lights-and-siren "hot" responses. -Come to a complete stop at intersections. -Wear your seat belts.

-Ignore GPS and other distractions. *You should minimize all unnecessary distractions when responding to a​ call, but always know where you are going before you respond by using the​ GPS, checking​ maps, and knowing your response area.

You are managing a​ 27-year-old female with severe hemorrhage from her right ankle after a motor vehicle collision. You are unable to stop the hemorrhage with direct pressure. What intervention should you do​ next? -Apply a pressure dressing. -Apply a bulky sterile dressing. -Place the patient on​ high-flow oxygen. -Immediately apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound on the​ patient's femur.

-Immediately apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound on the​ patient's femur. *If direct pressure does not stop external​ hemorrhage, you must immediately place a tourniquet on the patient proximal to the wound over a long bone but not a joint.

Sickle cell anemia differs physically from general anemia in what​ way? -In sickle cell​ anemia, the red blood cells lack a nucleus. -In sickle cell​ anemia, the white blood cells have a sickle shape. -In sickle cell​ anemia, the red blood cells have a sickle shape. -In sickle cell​ anemia, the cells lack a normal structure and tend to be easily compressible.

-In sickle cell​ anemia, the red blood cells have a sickle shape. *In sickle cell​ anemia, an inherited disease in which a genetic defect in the hemoglobin results in abnormal structure of the red blood​ cells, the red blood cells have a sickle shape.

In all forms of​ shock, what is the greatest consequence to the​ body? -Decreased blood flow to the tissue -Inadequate delivery of nutrients to the tissue -Decreased removal of waste from the tissue -Inadequate delivery of oxygen to the cells

-Inadequate delivery of oxygen to the cells *The ultimate impact is the inadequate delivery of oxygen to the cells.

In which type of incident would unified command be MOST​ appropriate? -More than three patients at a scene -An incident that involves only EMS -Involvement of different branches of public safety -An incident that involves only​ fire/rescue

-Involvement of different branches of public safety *In a​ large-scale incident that involves​ fire/rescue, law​ enforcement, and EMS​ needs, unified command is an appropriate incident command structure.

You are called to the scene of a metal fabrication plant where you are presented with a​ 30-year-old male patient complaining of bilateral severe eye pain. Upon​ examination, you notice both eyes are red and irritated. Patient states that one of the dyes he was working with splashed into his eyes. How would you manage this​ patient's injury? -Irrigate both eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 20 minutes or until you arrive at the medical facility. -Cover both eyes with a​ moist, sterile dressing. -Neutralize the acid immediately with vinegar or baking soda. -Cover both eyes with​ dry, sterile dressing and transport immediately to the nearest appropriate facility.

-Irrigate both eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 20 minutes or until you arrive at the medical facility. *The first step in managing a burn victim is to stop the burning process. For patients with burns to the​ eye, irrigating with copious amounts of water for 20 minutes or until arrival at the hospital is the appropriate way to manage the injury. If only one eye is​ burned, irrigate in such a way that it does not expose the unaffected eye.

Which of the following is TRUE of sudden alcohol​ withdrawal? -It is the best way to manage alcohol addiction. -It can lead to death. -Patients who quit​ "cold turkey" usually experience few side effects. -Sudden withdrawal from alcohol is always fatal.

-It can lead to death. *Severe alcohol withdrawal can be​ fatal, though it is not always fatal.

What is the primary concern about a splint that is applied too​ loosely? -The splint will cut off distal circulation. -It could cause pressure sores to develop from rubbing against the splint. -It could allow the bone fragments to​ move, which could cause further damage. -The patient will lose motor function in that extremity.

-It could allow the bone fragments to​ move, which could cause further damage. *A loosely applied splint could still allow the injured bones to​ move, which could further worsen the injury or cause more bleeding.

Which of the following statements regarding the assessment of chronic alcohol abusers is​ TRUE? -Confusion and disorientation are uncommon in patients who abuse alcohol. -Indications of head injury will be obvious in patients who abuse alcohol. -The health risks related to alcohol abuse are only a concern when the patient is intoxicated. -It is easy for the EMT to miss other medical conditions or injuries.

-It is easy for the EMT to miss other medical conditions or injuries. *EMS personnel can miss medical problems and injuries in patients who are chronic alcohol abusers.

Which statement regarding the trachea in pediatric patients is​ TRUE? -It is not easily obstructed. -It is more rigid than in adults. -It is harder than in adults. -It is narrower than in adults.

-It is narrower than in adults. *The trachea is narrower in pediatric patients than in adults.

Which of the following statements about poison ivy is​ TRUE? -It is the oil on the leaves of the poison ivy plant that causes the allergic reaction. -Poison ivy must enter the system through broken skin. -Only about ten percent of the population is allergic to poison ivy. -Poison ivy is a common cause of weeping sores on the skin.

-It is the oil on the leaves of the poison ivy plant that causes the allergic reaction. *The oil on the leaves of the plant causes the allergic reaction. Poison ivy causes a​ rash, not weeping sores. It is absorbed through contact with the skin and does not need an opening. About​ two-thirds of the population is allergic to the oil on poison ivy leaves.

Which of the following statements BEST describes the​ cervix? -It is the​ narrow, lower​ end, or​ "neck," of the uterus. -It is the inner lining of the uterus. -It is the opening at the junction of the uterus and the fallopian tube. -It is the duct through which an egg released from the ovary travels to the uterus.

-It is the​ narrow, lower​ end, or​ "neck," of the uterus. *The cervix is the lower end of the​ uterus, which thins and dilates during labor to allow the muscular walls of the uterus to contract and push the fetus out through the vagina and into the outside world.

Which of the following steps is included in the emergency care of a patient who was bitten by a poisonous​ snake? -Applying an ice pack -Keeping any bitten extremities immobilized and still -Applying a tourniquet above and below the injection site -Applying a paste of baking soda and water to the sting site

-Keeping any bitten extremities immobilized and still *Immobilizing the limb helps to slow systemic spread of the venom. Tourniquets and ice packs can increase tissue damage.

Which of the following is typically helpful in assessing a younger pediatric​ patient? -Remove the child from the parent or guardian before starting the assessment. -Tell the child that you need him or her to cooperate during the assessment. -Ask the parent to direct the child to cooperate. -Let the parent hold the child when possible.

-Let the parent hold the child when possible. *Letting the parent hold a child of up to 5 years often decreases the​ child's anxiety.

Which of the following is MOST important at a terrorism​ incident? -Organizational functional continuity -Protection of property -Life safety -Incident stabilization

-Life safety *Life safety always has the first priority.

In a​ dislocation, what other structures are likely to be​ injured? -Ligaments -Skin and subcutaneous tissue -Muscles -Tendons

-Ligaments *Ligaments are likely to be injured as well.

You are treating a​ 29-year-old motorcycle crash victim who appears​ pale, cool, and diaphoretic. You suspect he sustained a traumatic brain injury based on decreased pupillary response. Based on these findings and the mechanism of​ injury, which of the following is the MOST appropriate method to manage this​ patient? -Splint all orthopedic injuries found prior to transporting the patient to the hospital. -Assess and catalog all major and minor injuries prior to transporting the patient to the hospital. -Perform a detailed secondary assessment on the patient prior to transportation. -Limit​ on-scene time and promptly transport the patient to the hospital.

-Limit​ on-scene time and promptly transport the patient to the hospital. *Every minute from the point of injury to the​ patient's arrival to definitive care is critical towards their chance of survival. Limiting​ on-scene time decreases mortality. Too much time spent on scene reduces the opportunity of survival and recovery for the patient.

Which of the following is MOST common after an insect​ bite? -Seizures -Hemorrhage -Hypotension -Localized pain or itching

-Localized pain or itching *Insect bites can cause systemic problems but typically only cause local signs and symptoms.

You are gathering a medical history on a​ 74-year-old female with chest pain. She states she has a history of atrial fibrillation and is on a​ "blood thinner." Based on this​ information, which medication would you expect her to be​ on? -Lebatolol -Nexium -Lisinopril -Lovenox

-Lovenox *Lovenox​ (enoxaparin) is a commonly prescribed drug referred to as​ "blood thinners" as it inhibits certain clotting factors.

What is a very late sign of ectopic​ pregnancy? -Vaginal bleeding -Acute abdominal pain -Low blood pressure -Absent menstrual period

-Low blood pressure *Although all of these are signs or symptoms of an ectopic​ pregnancy, low blood pressure is a very late sign.

Which of the following problems is MOST likely in a child who is​ wheezing? -Shallow breathing -Lower airway disorder -Fluid in the oropharynx -Partial upper airway obstruction

-Lower airway disorder *Wheezing indicates​ bronchoconstriction, a lower airway disorder.

You are caring for a​ 19-year-old female patient who was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She sustained blunt force trauma to her face with​ contusions, swelling, and minor bleeding throughout her facial region. Which of the following findings MOST strongly suggests a fractured​ mandible? -Bleeding from the nose -Lower teeth that are out of alignment in the front -Tenderness to palpation of her zygomatic bone -Inability to close her mouth from a​ wide-open position

-Lower teeth that are out of alignment in the front *While there are a few​ possibilities, the best possible indicator is that the lower teeth are out of alignment in the front.

Damage to which of the following organs is LEAST likely in the case of abdominal​ bruising? -Kidneys -Lungs -Liver -Spleen

-Lungs *The​ spleen, liver, and kidneys could all be damaged in a patient with abdominal​ bruising, but lung damage would be unlikely.

Which of the following would prevent the administration of an EpiPen​® to a​ 16-year-old male in a​ life-threatening anaphylactic​ situation? -A blood pressure reading of​ 90/70 -Respirations that are 24 and shallow -Medical direction has denied permission to administer the drug -A pulse rate above 130

-Medical direction has denied permission to administer the drug *None of these vital signs are​ contraindications, but medical direction denying permission for administration of the EpiPen​® should prevent the EMT from involvement in its administration.

For an older trauma​ patient, what is LEAST important to determining the​ patient's priority for triage to a higher level of​ care? -Risk of injury or death -Low-impact injuries -Systolic blood pressure -Medications for chronic conditions

-Medications for chronic conditions *In determining an older​ patient's priority for triage to a higher level of​ care, you would consider the​ patient's risk of injury or​ death, systolic blood pressure​ (which could indicate​ shock), and any​ low-impact injuries the patient had​ sustained, but medications to manage chronic conditions would be a less important consideration.

Which of the following is a type of ambulance identified by the U.S. Department of​ Transportation? -Medium duty -BLS -ALS -Type A

-Medium duty *The DOT has identified Types​ I, II,​ III, and medium duty.

Which of the following ambulance types is built for rugged durability and large​ storage? -Medium duty -Type I -Type III -Light duty

-Medium duty *Type II ambulances are built on a van chassis and have a raised roof.

Which of the following is the BEST indicator of perfusion in the​ adult? -Blood pressure -Mental state and alertness -Capillary refill -Pulse

-Mental state and alertness *The​ patient's mental status is the best indication of perfusion because nerve cells are the most susceptible to hypoperfusion.

Auto-injector

A syringe preloaded with medication that has a spring-loaded device that pushes the needle through the skin when the tip of the device is pressed firmly against the body.

In your care of a patient suffering from shock due to a motor vehicle​ crash, which of the following is MOST​ critical? -Closely examining the vehicles that were involved to determine the mechanisms of injury -Gathering information from the​ bystanders, family, or police officers before leaving the scene -Conducting a detailed secondary assessment at the scene -Minimizing your scene time

-Minimizing your scene time *In such a critical​ situation, minimizing scene time is very important.

Which of the following statements about burn management in pediatric patients is​ TRUE? -It is best to keep the patient exposed to minimize the risk of infection. -Pediatric patients are not prone to hypothermia due to burns. -Always apply​ wet, sterile burn sheets. -Moist dressings should be used with caution.

-Moist dressings should be used with caution. *Moist dressings should be used with caution because of the risk of hypothermia.

Which of the following statements about injuries to pediatric patients is​ TRUE? -Most injuries to children are caused by abuse. -Most injuries to children are caused by blunt trauma. -Most injuries to children are caused by penetrating trauma. -Most injuries to children are unavoidable accidents.

-Most injuries to children are caused by blunt trauma. *Blunt trauma is far more common than the other choices listed. Trauma is the number one cause of death in infants and children. Blunt trauma far exceeds penetrating trauma in this age group. Many common pediatric injuries are preventable.

When you are assessing a​ child's appearance in the Pediatric Assessment​ Triangle, which of the following is observed when assessing the​ patient's tone? -Pitch of the voice or cry -Skin color -Apparent mood or emotion -Muscle tone

-Muscle tone *When assessing the​ child's appearance, look at the​ patient's muscle tone and general interactivity.

Which of the following BEST describes the required contents of shipping papers associated with hazardous​ materials? -The levels of​ toxicity, flammability, and reactivity -Health​ hazards, flammability​ hazards, explosion​ hazards, and special hazards -Route of​ exposure, signs and​ symptoms, classification, and chemical structure -Name of the​ substance, quantity,​ origin, and destination

-Name of the​ substance, quantity,​ origin, and destination *The required information for shipping papers is the exact name of the​ substance, quantity,​ origin, and destination.

If it is necessary to disconnect a​ car's battery, which of the following cables should be cut or removed​ FIRST? -Positive -Negative -Neutral -Red

-Negative *Of the two battery​ cables, positive​ (red) and negative​ (black), always remove or cut the negative​ (black) cable first.

Which of the following patients is NOT a candidate for medical helicopter transportation from a crash scene to a trauma​ center? -Head injury with altered mental status -Abdominal trauma with signs of shock -Nonhypothermic cardiac arrest -Penetrating injury to the chest

-Nonhypothermic cardiac arrest *Patients in cardiac arrest are not candidates for air medical transportation unless they are hypothermic.

Which of the following body areas is MOST susceptible to​ frostnip? -Abdominal area -Medial aspects of the upper arm -Nose -Posterior thighs

-Nose *Early or superficial local cold injuries​ (sometimes called​ frostnip) are brought about by direct contact with a cold object or exposure to cold air. Wind chill and water chill also can be major factors. In this​ condition, tissue damage is minor and response to care is good. The tip of the​ nose, tips of the​ ears, upper​ cheeks, and fingers​ (all areas that are usually​ exposed) are most susceptible to early or superficial local cold injuries.

You are caring for a patient with a suspected​ heat-related emergency. The patient is confused and presents with​ cool, moist​ skin, nausea, and vomiting. How should the patient be​ transported? -Trendelenburg position -Fowler's position -Supine position -On the left side

-On the left side *The patient is nauseated and has vomited and should be placed on the left side to protect the airway.

Why is a​ patient's second exposure to an allergen more dangerous than the​ first? -On the first​ exposure, the​ patient's antibodies will disable the antigen. -The second exposure usually has a faster onset of symptoms than subsequent exposures. -The patient is unable to release histamines after the first exposure. -On the second​ exposure, the antibody combines with the​ allergen, causing histamine release.

-On the second​ exposure, the antibody combines with the​ allergen, causing histamine release. *The first exposure sensitizes the patient to the allergen. On the second or subsequent​ exposures, the interaction of antigen and antibodies can cause a dangerous histamine release.

Which of the following BEST describes the first stage of​ labor? -Loss of the mucus plug to onset of contractions -Delivery of the infant through delivery of the placenta -Onset of contractions to complete dilation of the cervix -Complete dilation of the cervix to delivery of the infant

-Onset of contractions to complete dilation of the cervix *The first stage of labor begins when contractions start and ends when the cervix is completely dilated.

What is an organ that is part of the retroperitoneal​ space? -Spleen -Liver -Bladder -Pancreas

-Pancreas *The organs in the retroperitoneal​ area, which is technically not part of the​ abdomen, include the​ kidneys, the​ pancreas, and the aorta.

Trauma score

A system of evaluating trauma patients according to a numerical rating system to determine the severity of the patient's trauma.

Which of the following patients should NOT be administered activated​ charcoal? -Patient who has overdosed on aspirin -Patient who has overdosed on acetaminophen -Patient who is currently taking antibiotics -Patient experiencing an altered mental status

-Patient experiencing an altered mental status *Contraindications for activated charcoal include acids and alkalis and altered level of consciousness.

Which of the following statements about sickle cell anemia is​ FALSE? -Patients with sickle cell anemia live as long as anyone else. -The sickled red blood cells cannot survive as long as normal red blood cells. -The abnormally shaped red blood cells cause sludging within the​ body's smaller blood vessels. -During a sickle cell​ crisis, patients will often complain of severe joint pain and difficulty in breathing.

-Patients with sickle cell anemia live as long as anyone else. *Despite advances in modern medical​ care, patients with SCA still have an abnormally short life span.

Which of the following statements is​ TRUE? -Pediatric patients are physiologically well equipped to deal with extreme cold. -Hypothermia is not a risk unless the ambient temperature is at or near freezing. -Pediatric and geriatric patients are especially at risk for hypothermia. -Only patients who are outdoors are at risk for a heat or cold emergency.

-Pediatric and geriatric patients are especially at risk for hypothermia. *Pediatric and geriatric patients are at especially high risk of developing a heat or cold emergency but for differing reasons.

Which of the following types of patients typically have an ineffective shivering response to​ cold? -Pediatric patients -Adolescent patients -Behavioral patients -Pregnant patients

-Pediatric patients *Children have a small muscle mass and do not shiver effectively.

Which of the following changes occurs in the cardiovascular system as a result of the aging​ process? -Increased thickness of capillary walls -Peripheral artery disease -An increase in maximum heart rate -An increase of electrical conducting cells

-Peripheral artery disease *Peripheral artery​ disease, such as arteriosclerosis​ (hardening of the​ arteries), occurs with aging with the thickening and narrowing of systemic and coronary arteries.

Why do many patients prefer peritoneal dialysis over​ hemodialysis? -Peritoneal dialysis is quicker than hemodialysis. -Peritoneal dialysis allows patients to be treated at home. -Peritoneal dialysis requires fewer treatments per day than hemodialysis. -Peritoneal dialysis enables full freedom of movement during treatments.

-Peritoneal dialysis allows patients to be treated at home. *PD is a slower process than HD and requires multiple treatments every day for most patients. Despite requiring more frequent​ treatments, many patients prefer PD over HD because it allows them to be treated at home.

To stabilize a hip​ fracture, how should you bind the legs​ together? -Place the patient on an orthopedic stretcher and then bind the ankles and thighs to the stretcher with wide straps. -Place a folded blanket between the​ patient's legs and bind the legs together with wide​ straps, Velcro-equipped​ straps, or wide cravats. -Secure the patient to a long spine board and then bind the​ patient's ankles together with a wide strap or​ Velcro-equipped strap. -Place the patient on a long spine board and bind the​ patient's legs against the board with wide cravats or straps.

-Place a folded blanket between the​ patient's legs and bind the legs together with wide​ straps, Velcro-equipped​ straps, or wide cravats. *To stabilize a hip​ fracture, you should place a folded blanket between the​ patient's legs and bind the legs together with wide​ straps, Velcro-equipped​ straps, or wide cravats. Carefully place the patient on a long spine board and use pillows to support the lower limbs. Secure the patient to the board. An orthopedic stretcher can be used in place of the long spine board.

What should be done in the prehospital setting for a limb​ presentation? -Place one hand in the​ mother's vagina to try to maneuver the infant into a​ head-down position. -Proceed as for a normal​ delivery, anticipating that it will take a little longer. -Position the mother as for a breech delivery and proceed with the delivery in the field. -Place the mother in a​ head-down position with the pelvis​ elevated, administer​ oxygen, and transport without delay.

-Place the mother in a​ head-down position with the pelvis​ elevated, administer​ oxygen, and transport without delay. *Limb presentations require emergency caesarean section. The patient must be transported immediately in a position that allows gravity to assist with keeping the baby from further entering the birth canal.

What is the name of the structure that provides nourishment for the developing fetus in the​ female's uterus? -Progesterone -Gonad -Vas deferens -Placenta

-Placenta *The placenta is the structure that interfaces between the​ mother's circulatory system and the fetal circulatory system​ (by way of the umbilical​ cord), providing oxygen and nourishment and removing wastes while the fetus is developing.

Which pregnant trauma patient is the HIGHEST priority for transport to a trauma​ center? -Pregnant 24 weeks -Pregnant 20 weeks -Pregnant 8 weeks -Pregnant 16 weeks

-Pregnant 24 weeks *According to the CDC trauma triage​ guidelines, a trauma patient with a pregnancy of more than 20 weeks should go to a trauma center.

Venom

A toxin (poison) produced by certain animals such as snakes, spiders, and some marine life forms.

A​ 22-year-old male patient was involved in a physical altercation at a bar. He has no evidence of head trauma and reportedly did not fall or lose consciousness at any time. His only complaint is pain upon deep inspiration along the front of his left rib cage. Given the mechanism of injury and his​ presentation, should this patient be​ immobilized? -Probably​ not, since he does not have the mechanism of injury or the symptoms to suggest the need -Probably​ not, since evidence of spinal injury would be obvious -Probably​ so, since he was at a bar and was likely drinking -Probably​ so, since he has pain in his chest

-Probably​ not, since he does not have the mechanism of injury or the symptoms to suggest the need *There is nothing to indicate that the patient is intoxicated or not competent. The mechanism of injury does not indicate the need for spinal precautions.

The skins major functions are:

-Protection -Water balance -Temperature regulation -Excretion -Shock (Impact) absorption

Which of the following would be the BEST approach for a patient who is in shock secondary to internal​ bleeding? -Provide necessary care and transport the patient to the closest hospital even though it is a community hospital. -Provide necessary care while transporting the patient to a hospital that can provide surgical intervention. -Provide necessary care while awaiting the arrival of paramedics. -Provide necessary care and transport the patient to the local surgery clinic.

-Provide necessary care while transporting the patient to a hospital that can provide surgical intervention. *The best treatment choice is to provide necessary care while transporting the patient to a hospital that can provide surgical intervention.

You are restraining a patient who continues to spit at you. What should you​ do? -Consider tightening the restraints so that they are painful. -Restrain the patient in the prone position. -Refuse to transport the patient. -Put a surgical mask on the patient.

-Put a surgical mask on the patient. *If the patient spits at​ you, make sure that you are wearing​ PPE, and then carefully place a surgical mask on the patient to stop the spitting. Never restrain a patient in the prone position.

What is the correct order of procedures for a water​ rescue? -Reach, throw and​ tow, row, and go -Throw and​ tow, reach,​ row, and go -Throw and​ tow, reach,​ go, and row -Go, throw and​ tow, row, and reach

-Reach, throw and​ tow, row, and go *The order of procedures for a water​ rescue, most of which can be performed short of going into the​ water, are reach to the​ patient, throw a flotation device to the patient and tow the patient to​ safety, row to the​ patient, and as a last resort go to the patient by swimming.

If you are caring for a patient with a bee sting and the stinger is still​ present, what is the BEST way to remove​ it? -Slowly and carefully remove it by hand. -Leave it in place until arrival at the hospital. -Use a specially designed tweezer device. -Remove it quickly.

-Remove it quickly.

You are caring for a​ 19-year-old male patient who has multiple superficial lacerations over each​ wrist, in different stages of healing. When you ask him what the marks are​ from, he states that he sustained them when he was trying to climb over a chain link fence. You suspect multiple attempts at suicide. What should you​ do? -Inform the patient that he needs to be honest about any suicide attempts. -State that transport must be delayed until an exact cause for injuries may be determined. -Accept the​ patient's explanation and simply remind him to be more careful. -Report your suspicions to the staff at the receiving hospital.

-Report your suspicions to the staff at the receiving hospital. *Although there is a slight chance that the patient is telling the truth​ (though this is​ unlikely, given that the injuries are in different stages of​ healing), many suicide attempts involve cutting the wrists.​ However, most such attempts​ fail, as the procedure is painful and the person will often make incisions across the wrist instead of up the forearm. You need to report your suspicions to the staff at the receiving hospital as you report on the​ patient's mental status.

Which of the following is the MOST likely related to cardiac arrest in a drowning​ victim? -Spinal trauma -Cardiac dysrhythmias -Hypoglycemia -Respiratory arrest

-Respiratory arrest *Respiratory arrest is often related to cardiac arrest in drowning victims.

Which of the following types of terrorist targets should be anticipated in planning for weapons of mass destruction​ incidents? -Individual homes -Rural areas -Personal vehicles -Schools

-Schools *Targets of terror attacks are generally sites where there are large numbers of people and those whose destruction would have a significant impact on the​ population, including public buildings and assembly areas such as schools.

You are treating a​ 22-year-old male who was stabbed in the neck during a bar fight. What is an important part of the treatment of this​ injury? -Listening to the lung sounds right away -Laying the patient down -Checking for subcutaneous emphysema -Sealing the wound with an occlusive dressing

-Sealing the wound with an occlusive dressing *There is a chance of an air​ embolism, so you should quickly seal the wound with an occlusive dressing. Treat for shock and transport as soon as possible.

You are treating a​ 6-year-old car crash victim and have decided to immobilize him. You should REFRAIN from doing which of the​ following? -Secure the patient on an adult long spine board. -Pad the​ patient's shoulders. -Use an armboard as a spine board. -Secure the patient in his child safety seat.

-Secure the patient in his child safety seat. *Immobilizing a child in a child safety seat is no longer recommended because the integrity of a safety seat may have been compromised in the collision.

Which of the following items is MOST important to have immediately available in managing a drowning​ victim? -A blood pressure cuff -Nonrebreather mask -Backup AED -Suction

-Suction *Suction should always be immediately available for a drowning victim because of the risk of vomiting.

Which of the following statements about the​ body's response to heat loss is​ TRUE? -The skin becomes flushed. -The first response to a decrease in body temperature is vasodilation. -The initial reaction to hypothermia is a drop in heart rate. -Shivering stops when the patient becomes severely hypothermic.

-Shivering stops when the patient becomes severely hypothermic. *Shivering produces more body​ heat, but this mechanism breaks down and shivering stops when the​ body's core temperature drops below 90 degrees Fahrenheit.

You arrive on scene to back up another EMT unit on a patient with an allergic reaction. As you approach the​ scene, you see one EMT preparing to administer the​ patient's EpiPen®. Which of the following clinical findings would support the use of the​ EpiPen®? -Anxiety -Itching -Wheezing -Signs and symptoms of shock

-Signs and symptoms of shock *Evidence of hypoperfusion is one of the key findings that will alert the EMT to the presence of a severe allergic reaction that will probably need the administration of the​ patient's EpiPen®, if available. The other findings could be present in less severe allergic reactions.

Injury to which of the following organs would be MOST likely to cause​ peritonitis? -Ovary -Spleen -Small intestine -Lung

-Small intestine *The small intestine is a hollow structure that contains bacteria and enzymes used to aid digestion. If this structure becomes perforated and spills its contents into the​ abdomen, peritonitis can easily result.

PANCREAS: Type and Purpose

-Solid digestive -This organ releases enzymes that assist in breaking down food in the small intestine into absorbable molecules. It also secretes hormones into the blood that regulate blood sugar levels.

LIVER: Type and Purpose

-Solid digestive -This organ is involved in regulating levels of carbohydrate and other substances in the blood. It is involved in bile secretion for digestion of fats and has many other functions, including detoxification of the blood.

SPLEEN: Type and Purpose

-Solid lymphatic tissue -This organ removes abnormal blood cells and is involved in the immune response.

KIDNEYS: Type and Purpose

-Solid urinary -These organs filter and excrete waste. They also regulate water, blood and electrolyte levels and assist the liver with detoxification.

You respond to the scene of an explosion to treat a victim with a penetrating injury to the occipital area from shrapnel. For which of the following additional injuries should you have a high level of​ suspicion? -Transection of the trachea -Penetrating thoracic injury -Carotid artery involvement -Spinal injury

-Spinal injury *The mechanism suggests that the patient was struck from behind. The force from the projectile penetrating the skull poses a risk to the cervical spine also.

What are the SOLID organs?

-Spleen -Liver -Pancreas -Kidneys

While assessing the abdomen of a​ 25-year-old female, you note that she has a large piece of glass sticking out of her right upper quadrant. What should you​ do? -Monitor vitals and transport right away. -Place the patient in the prone position. -Remove the glass. -Stabilize the glass.

-Stabilize the glass. *If the patient has an impaled​ object, you should stabilize it with bulky dressings that are bandaged in place.

Which of the following sector officers or supervisors is responsible in​ large-scale incidents for the provision of restrooms and meals and rotation of​ crews? -Command -Transportation -Supply -Staging

-Staging *The staging area will be the responsibility of the staging​ supervisor, who must keep track of the ambulance vehicles and personnel. In​ large-scale incidents, the staging supervisor may need to arrange for certain human​ needs, such as rest​ rooms, meals, and rotation of crews.

What are the HOLLOW organs?

-Stomach -Gallbladder -Duodenum -Large intestine -Small intestine -Bladder

You arrive on scene to a patient with an arterial bleed from his right lower leg. The patient is lethargic and has many other injuries. What should you do​ FIRST? -Call for air medical evacuation. -Stop the hemorrhage with direct pressure. -Open the​ patient's airway, and ensure that it is patent. -Administer​ 100% high-flow oxygen via nonrebreather mask.

-Stop the hemorrhage with direct pressure. *When a patient is bleeding​ heavily, stop the hemorrhage as soon as the scene is safe and you can access the patient. In other​ scenarios, opening the airway and administering oxygen is more appropriate. In this​ situation, however, hemorrhage control should be your first priority. For a multisystem trauma​ patient, your overall goal is to treat immediate threats to life.

Which layer of the skin provides shock absorption and​ insulation? -Subcutaneous -Epidermis -Dermis -Adipose

-Subcutaneous *The subcutaneous layer is just below the dermis layer and provides shock absorption and insulation by way of adipose tissue.

An open chest wound that pulls air into the thoracic cavity is known as what type of​ injury? -Blowing -Blind -Tension -Sucking

-Sucking *When a mechanism creates an open chest wound that pulls air into the pleural cavity because the chest cavity is open to the​ atmosphere, it is known as a sucking chest wound.

Which of the following is MOST clearly an example of an open chest​ injury? -Commotio cordis -Pneumothorax -Hemothorax -Sucking chest wound

-Sucking chest wound *A sucking chest wound is exposed to the environment. All the other choices could be consequences of either an open chest injury or a closed chest injury.

Which of the following is MOST likely to indicate the presence of released hazardous​ material? -Black smoke -An unbreathing patient -Sudden irritation of the eyes -Fire

-Sudden irritation of the eyes *Irritation of the eyes and mouth from an unseen cause is most likely of these signs to indicate the presence of released hazardous material. Many hazardous materials cause irritation to the eyes.

Which of the following steps is included in proper emergency medical care of a patient who is in active labor in which a normal delivery is​ anticipated? -Position the mother on her left side with her right hip and knee flexed. -Have the mother lie flat on her back and place her hands behind her knees to pull them back toward her shoulders as far as possible. -Support the​ infant's head as it delivers in the birth canal. -As the​ baby's shoulders begin to​ emerge, guide the baby gently upward to deliver the lower shoulder first.

-Support the​ infant's head as it delivers in the birth canal. *Cup your hand lightly over the​ baby's head as it emerges to prevent explosive​ delivery, which can injure both the mother and the infant.

Histamine release increases vascular permeability. What physical sign is associated with this​ pathophysiology? -Flushed skin -Swelling -Decreased cardiac output -Urticaria

-Swelling *When capillaries become​ leaky, fluid moves into the tissue and appears as swelling​ (angioedema), especially around the site of an injection​ (or sting) and the​ face, including the​ eyes, lips,​ ears, tongue, and airway. If the area around the vocal cords becomes​ swollen, the patient may have a muffled voice or display stridor on inspiration.

The bradycardia and hypotension that accompany spinal shock are due to the inability of what nervous system to innervate certain​ organs? -Cholinergic -Parasympathetic -Sympathetic -Voluntary

-Sympathetic *The loss of sympathetic tone in high cord injuries results in the inability of the heart to increase its​ rate, and the blood vessels dilate. This results in a drop in blood pressure and a slowing of the heart rate.

Which of the following is an anticipated side effect of epinephrine​ administration? -Tachycardia -Vasodilation -Lethargy -Hypotension

-Tachycardia *Tachycardia is a common side effect of epinephrine administration. Epinephrine does not cause​ hypotension, vasodilation, or lethargy.

You arrive on the scene for an elderly patient with an unknown illness. There are family members at the​ patient's side. Which of the following should you do​ FIRST? -Talk to the patient. -Ask the family to leave the room. -Talk to the family. -Move the patient to the ambulance.

-Talk to the patient. *Don't assume that an elderly patient cannot provide a history of the present illness.

You are preparing to transport an elderly patient to the hospital. The patient​ states, "Who will take care of my​ dog?" How might you ease the​ patient's anxiety? -Tell the patient that you can call someone for her. -Tell the patient​ that's not important now. -Tell the patient that the dog will be fine for at least 48 hours. -Tell the patient that you will lock the dog outside.

-Tell the patient that you can call someone for her. *Offering to help make arrangements for the​ patient's pet, calling​ someone, and locking the residence are all easy ways to ease a​ patient's anxiety.

What could be a sign of a patient experiencing internal bleeding into the​ abdomen? -Contraction -Cyanosis -Tenderness -Erythema

-Tenderness *Tenderness of the abdomen could be a sign of internal bleeding. Cyanosis and erythema are not signs of internal abdominal​ bleeding, and the abdomen would be more likely to be distended in the case of internal​ bleeding, not contracted.

You respond to the scene of a​ 24-year-old gunshot victim and find your patient to have a decreased mental status as well as hypotension. You note absent breath sounds on the left side of his chest where you notice a puncture wound. What is this patient MOST likely suffering​ from? -Commotio cordis -Flail chest -Pericardial tamponade -Tension pneumothorax

-Tension pneumothorax *A tension pneumothorax occurs when air accumulates in the pleural​ space, causing the lung to collapse. Patients may present with decreased breath sounds and signs of​ shock, including altered mental status and hypotension.

You are caring for a​ 27-year-old male who is screaming and throwing dishes in the kitchen. The family called EMS because they are concerned about his behavior. They inform you that his father just died that day. What can you reasonably​ conclude? -That the​ patient's behavior is in a behavioral emergency brought on by grief -That the​ patient's behavior should simply be accepted and ignored until it stops -That the​ patient's behavior is behaving unacceptably and intolerably even if the reason is understandable -That the​ patient's behavior is normal in the circumstances and deserves support and monitoring

-That the​ patient's behavior is normal in the circumstances and deserves support and monitoring *Although his behavior can be considered normal given the​ situation, the patient still needs to be assessed and carefully monitored. The patient is not in a behavioral emergency because the​ patient's behavior fits the situation. For this​ reason, the patient is not behaving intolerably given the situation.

Which of the following is TRUE about the cardiovascular system in a pediatric patient that should be considered whenever trauma causes blood​ loss? -The femoral pulse is considered a peripheral pulse in an infant. -The right side of the heart receives​ oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. -The blood volume of a child is far less than that of an adult. -Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged at a slower rate in a child.

-The blood volume of a child is far less than that of an adult. *A​ child's total blood volume is far less than that of an adult. Even a small loss of blood that would not be considered life threatening for an adult should be considered critical in an infant or child. Immediate transport is crucial. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged at a faster rate in​ children, which is why pediatric patients typically have faster capillary refills and are thus more susceptible to shorter periods of hypoperfusion.

You are caring for a patient with special medical challenges at her home. The patient is noncommunicative. Which of the following persons is likely to be the BEST source of information about the advanced medical devices found in the​ home? -You and your partner -The family -Medical direction -The patient

-The family *The family is often the most knowledgeable about the medical devices that are being used in the home.​ Don't be too proud to ask for help. In this​ case, if the patient is​ noncommunicative, you should not assume she will be a good source of​ information, although normally the patient is an excellent source of information concerning the functioning of devices needed for the​ patient's care.

What information should be given to the hospital staff FIRST in providing a transfer of care​ report? -Start by asking the hospital staff what they want to know. -The​ patient's insurance and primary physician should be provided first. -The most important information should be provided​ first, such as any changes in the​ patient's condition. -Always start with the​ patient's age,​ sex, and chief complaint.

-The most important information should be provided​ first, such as any changes in the​ patient's condition. *Always provide the most important information first. Any changes in the​ patient's condition should be reported.

In a patient who has recently undergone peritoneal​ dialysis, which of the following clinical findings is the MOST suggestive of​ peritonitis? -The patient reports a gradual onset of bloody stools for more than five days. -The patient is sitting upright with some breathing difficulty. -The patient has a very firm or rigid abdomen. -The patient has back pain and is pacing about.

-The patient has a very firm or rigid abdomen. *A very firm or rigid abdomen is a classic finding in peritonitis. Patients on PD who develop peritonitis may develop abdominal​ pain, fever, and the telltale sign that their dialysis fluid appears cloudy when it is drained from the peritoneal cavity rather than its normal clear appearance.

What finding is LEAST likely to make an EMT suspect an allergic​ reaction? -The patient has dry eyes and nose. -The patient shows signs or symptoms of shock. -The patient complains of​ itching, hives, or difficulty breathing. -The patient has come into contact with an allergen that has caused an allergic reaction in the past.

-The patient has dry eyes and nose. *Dry eyes and nose would not be a signs of an allergic reaction and would be least likely of these findings to make an EMT suspect an allergic reaction.

What is the MOST likely reason medical control would direct you to forcibly restrain a​ patient? -The patient has a​ life-threatening condition. -The patient is clinically depressed. -The patient is a danger to himself or herself. -The patient has verbally threatened EMS workers.

-The patient is a danger to himself or herself. *Patients are typically restrained because they are a threat to themselves or others.

What is the problem of a chair without​ armrests? -The patient lacks leverage in getting up out of the chair. -The chair allows patients to fall backward when attempting to get up. -The chair does not provide proper back support. -The chair may roll away when the patient tries to sit.

-The patient lacks leverage in getting up out of the chair. *A chair without armrests does not provide a patient with leverage when attempting to get up out of the chair.

In addition to the delivery of oxygen to the tissues of the​ body, what role does the blood play in tissue​ regulation? -The conservation of body heat through blood vessel dilation -The conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen molecules -The creation of certain hormones for body regulation -The removal of carbon dioxide and other waste products from the tissue

-The removal of carbon dioxide and other waste products from the tissue *Besides delivering oxygen to the tissues of the​ body, blood removes carbon dioxide and other waste products.

If an inadequate level of oxygen is being delivered to the tissues of the​ patient's body, which of the following statements is NOT a possible​ explanation? -The tissues of the body are already saturated with oxygen. -The amount of oxygen being delivered by the lungs to the blood is inadequate. -There is an inadequate level of hemoglobin in the red blood cells. -There is an inadequate number of red blood cells.

-The tissues of the body are already saturated with oxygen. *When the tissues of the body are receiving an inadequate level of​ oxygen, they are not already saturated with oxygen.

You respond to the scene of​ 34-year-old male whose left lower arm is bleeding profusely after an accidental amputation at the wrist while cutting planks with a circular saw. Direct pressure does not stop the​ bleeding, so you decide to place a tourniquet on the​ patient's limp. Which of the following statements is the MOST​ accurate? -Apply the tourniquet over the elbow joint to stop the bleeding. -Apply the tourniquet distal to the wound. -Twist the rod or windlass until the bleeding is not​ spurting, just flowing. -The tourniquet should be applied proximal to the wound but not over a joint.

-The tourniquet should be applied proximal to the wound but not over a joint. *The goal of a tourniquet is to arrest hemorrhage and is most effective when placed on a long bone. Tourniquets should be applied proximal to the wound without covering a joint.

Which of the following statements BEST explains conductive heat​ loss? -The transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without physical contact -The process of breathing in cold air from the atmosphere -The transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another through direct contact -The process of a liquid or solid changing to a vapor

-The transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another through direct contact *Conduction involves loss of heat down a thermal gradient between two objects that are in contact with each other.

Which of the following statements about passing other vehicles in a​ no-passing zone on an emergency call is​ TRUE? -The way must be clear. -Never pass a school bus under any circumstances. -Signaling is unnecessary. -Ignore precautions against danger to property.

-The way must be clear. *Pass other vehicles in​ no-passing zones after properly​ signaling, ensuring the way is​ clear, and taking precautions to avoid endangering life and property. This does not include passing a school bus with its red lights blinking. Wait for the bus driver to clear the children and turn off the red lights of the bus.

What makes patients with special challenges especially vulnerable to various forms of​ abuse? -Their access to information -Their dependence on others -Their age -Their need for special devices

-Their dependence on others *Keep in mind that patients with special challenges can be more vulnerable to physical or sexual​ abuse, exploitation, and neglect because of their dependence on others. This vulnerable population can include children and​ adults, especially the elderly. Be alert to this possibility during your scene​ size-up, history​ taking, and assessment.

Which of the following is TRUE about​ multiple-birth deliveries? -The newborns will likely be of​ above-average weight. -Hypothermia is unlikely with​ multiple-birth newborns. -There is a lower risk for neonatal complications. -There is a greater risk for neonatal complications.

-There is a greater risk for neonatal complications. *Multiple-birth babies are typically lower than average in birth weight and at greater risk for hypothermia and other complications.

Which of the following statements about​ pregnancy-related changes in the​ mother's cardiovascular system is​ TRUE? -There is a decreased oxygen demand. -There is an increased lung capacity. -The blood volume decreases. -There is an increased oxygen demand.

-There is an increased oxygen demand. *During​ pregnancy, oxygen demand increases while lung capacity decreases.

Which of the following statements BEST describes the reason why EMS providers should be knowledgeable about patients with special​ challenges? -EMTs must be able to make emergency repairs or adjustments to​ life-sustaining equipment. -A public health function of EMS is to make routine checks of specialized medical devices. -The​ patient's preexisting condition can complicate and quickly overwhelm your ability to assess and treat the patient. -EMS providers are involved in routine home health care of patients with special medical challenges.

-The​ patient's preexisting condition can complicate and quickly overwhelm your ability to assess and treat the patient. *The​ patient's preexisting condition can complicate and quickly overwhelm your ability to assess and treat the patient. To ensure proper care for such a​ patient, you must be able to​ recognize, understand, and evaluate the​ patient's specific special health care needs in addition to the presenting problem or chief complaint that led to the 911 call.

A​ 14-year-old girl has fallen from her bicycle. She sustained injuries when she landed with her arm extended to catch her fall. According to the principles of indirect mechanisms of​ injury, which of the following bones is LEAST likely to have been injured in this​ fall? -Humerus -Thoracic vertebra -Navicular bone​ (bone in the wrist at the base of the​ thumb) -Clavicle

-Thoracic vertebra *While there could be many possible injuries with this type of​ fall, vertebral or thoracic injuries are unlikely.

What is the purpose of a​ three-sided occlusive​ dressing? -To prevent all movement of air -To allow air to escape but not enter -To allow free movement of air without risk of infection -To allow air to enter but not escape

-To allow air to escape but not enter *A​ flutter-valve occlusive dressing is secured on three sides to allow air to escape the chest cavity but not enter it.

In caring for an open neck​ wound, it is important to avoid compressing both carotid arteries at the same time.​ Why? -To allow the blood to freely flow from the brain -To prevent a dangerous reduction of blood flow to the brain -To prevent the release of clots to the brain -Because the carotid arteries are the only arteries that supply the heart

-To prevent a dangerous reduction of blood flow to the brain *Compressing both carotid arteries could cut off blood flow to the brain.

Which of the following statements BEST describes the purpose of​ triage? -To treat the​ youngest, healthiest patients first -To treat all serious illnesses and injuries as they are discovered -To find and treat all of one​ patient's injuries before moving on to the next patient -To prioritize patients in an MCI

-To prioritize patients in an MCI *Triage prioritizes patients to make the best use of scarce resources in an MCI.

What is the purpose of secondary​ triage? -To assess patients who were not immediately found in the initial response -To perform START triage -To conduct a comprehensive examination of all patients -To reevaluate each​ patient's priority for treatment and transport

-To reevaluate each​ patient's priority for treatment and transport *The purpose of secondary triage is to reevaluate the primary triage priority assignments for patients.

Which of the following is a function of the vascular​ system? -Hormone production -Production of red blood cells -Metabolism -Transportation of gases

-Transportation of gases *The vascular system transports gases.

Blood has what several functions?

-Transportation of gases -Nutrition -Excretion -Protection -Regulation

Which of the following would MOST likely be used to determine whether a patient will be transported to a trauma​ center? -Pupillary response -Trauma score -Patient preference -EMT experience

-Trauma score *The trauma score can help to identify which patients should go to a trauma center. The trauma score is a system of evaluating trauma patients according to a numerical rating system in order to determine the severity of the​ patient's trauma. It is based on objective data obtained from the scene. While experience is​ valuable, it can introduce bias into any​ decision-making process.

What should be done with an EMT who has become emotionally incapacitated at an​ MCI? -Direct the EMT to treat only Priority 3 patients. -Treat the EMT as a patient and remove him to a place of rest. -Talk to the EMT with calm empathy until he feels better enough to return to duty. -Review the​ EMT's performance to identify what went wrong.

-Treat the EMT as a patient and remove him to a place of rest. *EMTs who become emotionally incapacitated should be treated as patients and removed to an area where they can rest without viewing the scene. These patients must be monitored by an EMS provider until a clinically competent provider can take over. These EMTs should not be allowed to return to duty. They should be evaluated by a trained medical professional who can properly assess psychological health.

What is the best method of determining whether your​ self-protection measures against radiation are appropriate and​ effective? -Looking for signs of radiation -Palpating for signs of radiation -Listening for signs of radiation -Use of radiological detection equipment

-Use of radiological detection equipment *Radiation​ can't be​ seen, heard, or palpated. The use of radiological detection equipment is the best method of determining whether your​ self-protection measures are appropriate and effective.

Which of the following actions should be taken in immobilizing the spine of an elderly​ patient? -Flex the​ patient's hips and knees for comfort and to flatten out the lumbar curve. -Use padding to keep the head in its usual position. -Use a tall cervical collar to maintain the neck in extension. -Use one hand to apply pressure to the forehead to place the patient in a completely supine position.

-Use padding to keep the head in its usual position. *​Often, the head in an elderly patient is far forward of the normal position in a younger person. Use folded towels or other materials to maintain this forward position during​ immobilization, prevent​ hyperextension, and keep the patient more comfortable.

Which populations are disproportionately represented among the​ homeless? -People who choose to avoid homeless shelters -People who are homeless by choice -Families -Veterans and minorities

-Veterans and minorities *Disproportionate numbers of veterans and minorities make up the homeless population.

You are assessing a​ 23-year-old female patient complaining of abdominal pain. Which of the following questions should you ask the​ patient? -Could the pain be caused by ruptured ovarian​ cysts? -Are you experiencing ectopic​ pregnancy? -Where are you in your menstrual​ cycle? -Do you have pelvic inflammatory​ disease?

-Where are you in your menstrual​ cycle? *Asking the patient where she is in her menstrual cycle is appropriate. The other questions are far too specific and​ leading, and they also depend on the patient knowing medical terms and possessing information there might not be any way for her to have.

You suspect that your patient has deep frostbite. Which of the following signs or symptoms would you​ expect? -White, waxy-appearing skin -Reddened or lightened skin -Skin that remains soft but is cold to the touch -Numbness of the affected area

-White, waxy-appearing skin *​White, waxy, firm or hard skin is characteristic of deep frostbite.

You are delivering a stable patient to the emergency department. Hospital personnel are​ busy, and you have a call holding. You transfer the patient to a hospital bed and hand the patient a copy of the patient care report. This is an example​ of: -abandonment. -providing a written report. -transfer of care. -patient advocacy.

-abandonment. *If you do not provide an appropriate transfer of care​ report, this would be abandonment.

Which of the following is true concerning lacerations? -They may be caused by blunt trauma. -They may be caused by penetrating trauma. -They may indicate deeper underlying tissue damage. -All of these

All of these

Which example BEST demonstrates providing reassurance to a patient who appears to be​ suicidal? -You ask the patient if he feels his emotional pain is somehow unique. -You listen carefully to the​ patient's concerns and indicate that hospital treatment is best. -You relate your own struggles with dark thoughts. -You validate the​ patient's emotions by agreeing that life is often overwhelming.

-You listen carefully to the​ patient's concerns and indicate that hospital treatment is best. *Throughout your interaction with the​ patient, speak slowly and patiently await answers to your questions. As you gain the​ patient's confidence, explain what questions must be answered and what must be done as part of the physical exam and taking vital signs. Let the patient know that you think it would be best if he goes to the hospital and that you need his cooperation and help.

You are assessing a patient who has abdominal pain. During your​ history, you have determined that the patient receives dialysis three times a​ week, and you note a dialysis shunt in his left arm. How would this knowledge change your assessment of vitals on the​ patient? -You would not evaluate the skin condition in the left arm. -You would not listen to breath sounds on the left side of the body. -You would not use the arm with the dialysis shunt to obtain a blood pressure. -You would not assess sensory in the arm with the dialysis shunt.

-You would not use the arm with the dialysis shunt to obtain a blood pressure. *Do not obtain a blood pressure in the arm with the shunt. The concern is that the pressure generated by the BP cuff may increase the distal venous pressure enough to cause the shunt to rip open.

If you see angulation when assessing a​ patient, then: -the​ patient's distal pulse must be reassessed. -splinting is unlikely to be of assistance. -the patient is bending the knees or arms. -a bone or bones are out of anatomical position.

-a bone or bones are out of anatomical position. *The force of trauma causes bones to fracture and become​ deformed, or​ angulated, out of the anatomic position. Note that when a patient has joint​ injuries, the deformity is sometimes subtle. When in​ doubt, look at the uninjured side and compare it to the injured one.

Your patient complains of epigastric pain. He tells you he thinks his problem is​ indigestion, but he took several antacids before your​ arrival, and they provided no relief. You should​ suspect: -a diabetic problem. -a cardiac problem. -expired antacids. -stomach flu.

-a cardiac problem. *Epigastric pain is a common symptom of a cardiac emergency. Antacids will not relieve cardiac causes of pain. Even in the event that symptoms are​ relieved, it is still best to have the patient transported to rule out cardiac involvement.

The catcher at a baseball game is struck in the front of his head by a thrown bat. He sustains a cerebral bruise on the front of his brain but also has a contusion on the back of his brain. The bruise on the back of his brain is​ called: -a coup injury. -a contrecoup injury. -an anterior cerebral contusion. -a unilateral injury.

-a contrecoup injury. *The description of the injury indicates a contrecoup injury.

The first step in the progression of compartment syndrome​ is: -blood flow to the area is​ lost, and the limb itself may be lost if the pressure is not relieved. -cellular damage occurs and causes additional swelling. -pressure and swelling caused by bleeding within a muscle compartment becomes so great that the body can no longer perfuse the tissues against the pressure. -a fracture or crush injury causes bleeding or swelling in an extremity.

-a fracture or crush injury causes bleeding or swelling in an extremity. *The first step in the progression of compartment syndrome is a fracture or crush injury causes bleeding or swelling in an extremity.

A substance that will stop bleeding is​ called: -a pressure dressing. -a coalescent. -a hemostatic agent. -a tourniquet.

-a hemostatic agent. *A substance that will stop bleeding is a hemostatic agent. A tourniquet is a device that is used to arrest arterial blood flow.

After you clean up​ blood, vomitus, and other body fluids that have soiled the floor of your​ ambulance, you wipe down any equipment that has been splashed. Place disposable towels you used to clean up blood or body fluids directly​ in: -any biohazard container nearby. -a nearby wastebasket. -a clear plastic bag marked​ "disposables." -a red bag.

-a red bag. *Clean up​ blood, vomitus, and other body fluids that may have soiled the floor. Wipe down any equipment that has been splashed. Place disposable towels used to clean up blood or body fluids directly in a red bag.

A vehicle involved in a collision that is at rest on four inflated tires​ represents: -no stabilization risk if it is placed in park with the engine off. -no stabilization risk. -a stabilization risk. -no stabilization risk if the parking brake is set.

-a stabilization risk. *After a​ collision, a vehicle that is upright on four inflated tires looks stable.​ However, it is easily rocked up and​ down, side to​ side, and back and forth on its suspension as rescuers climb into and over it. These motions can seriously aggravate​ occupants' injuries.​ Thus, the vehicle must be stabilized according to local protocols.

A nasopharyngeal airway should​ be: -able to reach from one of the​ patient's earlobes to the other. -the length of the​ patient's nose. -the width of the tragus of the ear. -about the thickness of the​ patient's little finger.

-about the thickness of the​ patient's little finger. *A nasopharyngeal airway should be about the thickness of the​ patient's little finger and should measure from the nostril to the tragus​ (cartilage at the​ front) of the ear.

All burns are to be treated as more serious​ if: -they are from a thermal source. -they are accompanied by reddening of the skin. -accompanied by other injuries or medical problems. -they involve the epidermis.

-accompanied by other injuries or medical problems. *All burns are to be treated as more serious if accompanied by other injuries or medical problems.

In a patient suspected of an acetaminophen​ overdose, it is important to determine if the patient has a history of alcohol abuse​ because: -alcohol potentiates​ (makes worse) the toxic effects of acetaminophen. -acetaminophen is contraindicated for patients with a history of alcohol abuse. -the two combined often cause an allergic reaction. -alcohol combined with acetaminophen produces​ cocaethylene, a dangerous substance.

-acetaminophen is contraindicated for patients with a history of alcohol abuse. *Both alcohol and acetaminophen have deleterious effects on the​ liver, and a patient with a history of alcohol abuse may already have sustained liver damage.

Your adult trauma patient has a score of 14 on the Glasgow Coma​ Scale, a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm​ Hg, and a respiratory rate of 10. You​ should: -reassess blood pressure and respiratory rate. -package the patient for immediate transport to a trauma center. -decide whether the mechanism of injury is significant enough to merit transport to a trauma center. -address whether the patient meets the anatomic criteria for transport to a trauma center.

-address whether the patient meets the anatomic criteria for transport to a trauma center. *Each of the criteria for determining trauma transport—physiologic ​criteria, anatomic​ criteria, and mechanism of injury—should be considered separately and in​ sequence, addressing the first of these criteria before the second and addressing the second before the third. For​ example, if you encounter a patient who is physiologically​ unstable, he would be transported to a trauma center.​ However, if your patient is physiologically​ stable, you would move on to consider the anatomic​ criteria, and so on. This patient is barely stable enough to not require transport to a trauma center based on physiological​ criteria, so you would move on to the anatomic criteria.

Your unit has arrived on the scene of a private residence where the scene has been determined to be safe. According to the​ parents, their​ six-year-old son may have taken a handful of​ pills, thinking they were candy. You should contact medical direction or the poison control center to​ consider: -dilution with milk. -rinsing the​ patient's mouth out with water. -administering activated charcoal. -administering syrup of ipecac.

-administering activated charcoal. *When caring for a pediatric patient who has taken a poison or a medication overdose by​ ingestion, you should consider contacting medical direction or the poison control center for permission to administer activated charcoal.

Emergency medical care for a patient who has ingested a poison​ includes: -administering activated​ charcoal, per medical direction. -noting the appearance of the vomitus prior to disposing of it. -flushing the mouth of an unresponsive patient. -inducing vomiting as soon as possible.

-administering activated​ charcoal, per medical direction. *Emergency care for a patient who has ingested a poison includes trying to prevent the poison from being absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. Activated charcoal is one of the treatments that EMTs can administer in the prehospital setting.

In treating a patient with suspected head or spine​ injury, manual stabilization of the head and neck can be​ released: -after the cervical collar has been applied. -after the patient has been secured to a backboard. -only after the cervical spine has been cleared by an​ X-ray. -when you find a good​ pulse, motor​ function, and sensation in the distal extremities.

-after the patient has been secured to a backboard. *Maintain manual stabilization even after the collar is in place until the patient has been secured to a​ backboard, because no collar completely restricts motion.

Ostomy bag

An external pouch that collects fecal matter diverted from the colon or ileum through a surgical opening (colostomy or ileostomy) in the abdominal wall.

The more volatile a chemical agent​ is, the greater​ the: -thermal and mechanical harm. -explosive potential. -airborne concentration that will be released. -time it will remain on a surface area.

-airborne concentration that will be released. *Evaporation presents good news and bad news. The bad news is that the more volatile​ (easily evaporable) a​ material, the greater the airborne concentration that will be released. The good news is that the more volatile a​ material, the less time it will remain on a surface area.

Before removing any pressure​ caps, you​ should: -chock the wheels. -allow the engine to cool. -turn on the engine. -pull the ambulance from quarters.

-allow the engine to cool. *Allow the engine to cool before removing any pressure caps.

In order for the pediatric​ patient's parents to be​ calm, you​ should: -promise them that everything will be fine. -demonstrate your authority. -separate them from the child. -also be calm.

-also be calm. *Remaining calm will help others remain calm. Separating parent and child will usually increase anxiety.​ Don't make promises that you cannot keep.

A​ 17-year-old male presents with itchy skin after exposure to peanuts. He is allergic to peanuts. The findings at this point​ indicate: -a skin infection. -an allergic reaction. -an anxiety attack. -an anaphylactic reaction.

-an allergic reaction. *Itchy skin after an exposure to a known allergen is considered a sign of an allergic reaction. No further signs have materialized​ yet, so he has not yet progressed to anaphylaxis. To be considered a severe allergic​ reaction, or​ anaphylaxis, the patient must have either respiratory distress or signs and symptoms of shock. Skin signs are an important sign of allergy that should be recognized and associated with a reaction.

In a patient who is experiencing​ tachycardia, hypertension,​ nausea, and​ tremors, you should MOST​ suspect: -an aspirin overdose. -an antidepressant overdose. -a benzodiazepine overdose. -a narcotic overdose.

-an antidepressant overdose. *Together these are all the common signs and symptoms of antidepressant overdose. These signs and​ symptoms, together, are not common with the other possibilities.

When a flap of tissue is traumatically​ removed, this condition is​ called: -a puncture. -a laceration. -an avulsion. -an incision.

-an avulsion. *Avulsion is the tearing away or tearing off of a piece or flap of skin or other soft tissue. This term also may be used for an eye pulled from its socket or a tooth dislodged from its socket.

Timing in multisystem trauma management​ involves: -taking no more than ten seconds to perform any single task involved in the​ patient's care. -the amount of time it takes a paramedic team to stabilize a patient on scene. -arriving at a definitive diagnosis of each​ patient's condition in the first five minutes of every call. -an awareness that time on scene must be efficiently managed in order to expedite transport.

-an awareness that time on scene must be efficiently managed in order to expedite transport. Your answer is correct. *Timing in multisystem trauma management involves an awareness that time on scene must be efficiently managed in order to expedite transport. Crew members also must be aware of the importance of moving a multisystem trauma patient to definitive care as soon as possible because it is rarely possible for EMS providers​ (even Paramedics) to truly stabilize a trauma patient in the field.

When caring for the victim of a motor vehicle​ collision, the EMT should suspect critical injuries​ if: -another occupant was killed. -there was only a solo occupant. -more than one person was injured. -another passenger was ejected.

-another occupant was killed. *A force that was severe enough to kill one passenger could certainly cause severe injuries to all other passengers in the same collision. In some​ agencies, this is considered a flight criterion for the patient to be evacuated via air medical resources.

Proteins produced by the body that search for invaders and destroy them are​ called: -antibodies. -allergens. -platelets. -antigens.

-antibodies. *The first time a foreign antigen is introduced into the​ body, the immune system will make antibodies and attach them to mast cells and basophils so that the next time that antigen is introduced into the​ body, the immune system has a mechanism by which to protect itself. An allergen is the substance that elicits an allergic reaction. An antigen is simply a foreign substance. A platelet is the clotting component of the blood.

The humerus is an example of​ a(n): -irregular bone. -axial bone. -appendicular bone. -flat bone.

-appendicular bone. *The humerus is a long bone with a shaft​ (diaphysis) and bone ends​ (epiphysis) and is referred to as an appendicular bone because it is part of the upper arm.

A surgically created fistula in one of the extremities of a patient undergoing hemodialysis​ connects: -the trachea and the aorta. -arterial and venous blood flow. -the kidneys with the liver. -the ureters with the urethra.

-arterial and venous blood flow. *A surgically created fistula in one of the extremities of a patient with dialysis connects arterial and venous blood flow.

Your patient suffered a severe electrical burn injury. In your emergency​ care, you should​ always: -assess for an entrance and an exit wound. -administer oxygen by a​ positive-pressure ventilator. -hose the patient down to stop the burning reaction. -pull the patient off the electrical source as soon as possible.

-assess for an entrance and an exit wound. *When providing care to a patient with an electrical burn​ injury, assess the injury for at least two electrical burn​ sites: contact with the energy source and contact with a ground.

Open extremity injury

An extremity injury in which the skin has been broken or torn through from the inside by an injured bone or from the outside by something that has caused a penetrating wound with associated injury to the bone.

You respond to a home where the parents found their​ 12-year-old son unconscious on the floor. A​ half-empty bottle of vodka is next to him. After you assess and protect the​ airway, providing oxygen to the​ patient, you​ should: -treat for shock. -assess for trauma. -monitor vital signs. -transport the patient.

-assess for trauma. *After treating the patient for any airway or breathing​ problems, you should assess for trauma the patient may have incurred because of the intoxication. You would perform the other actions later on.

An example of psychological first aid for a patient at an MCI​ is: -telling the patient that despite how it​ looks, everyone at the scene will be okay. -asking the patient to consider the possibility he is in denial. -directing the patient to begin providing care to less critical patients. -assuring the patient that everything he feels is normal and that responders are doing everything they can.

-assuring the patient that everything he feels is normal and that responders are doing everything they can. *Adequately managing a patient during an MCI may require you to administer​ "psychological first​ aid." This may take the form of talking with a terrified​ parent, child, or witness. You should not attempt to engage in psychoanalysis and should not say things that are untrue in an attempt to calm a patient.​ However, a​ caring, honest demeanor can reassure a​ patient, as will listening to the patient and acknowledging his fears and problems.

A hazardous material incident would be LEAST likely to take​ place: -in a factory -on the highway. -at a school. -along a railroad.

-at a school. *Hazardous material incidents are especially likely to take place at​ factories; along​ railroads; and on​ local, state, and federal highways.

Lock a wheeled stretcher to prevent movement in the​ ambulance: -at the foot. -at the head. -at both ends. -only in an emergency.

-at both ends. *Patient compartments are equipped with a locking device that prevents the wheeled stretcher from moving about while the ambulance is in motion. Failure to fully engage the locking device at both ends of the stretcher can have disastrous consequences once the ambulance is in motion.

Signs of blast lung usually​ present: -at the time of primary assessment or triage. -at the time of secondary assessment or triage. -days after the blast. -hours after the blast.

-at the time of primary assessment or triage. *Signs of blast lung usually present at the time of primary assessment or triage.

If you are neither a strong swimmer nor trained in​ deep-water rescue, you​ should: -avoid any sort of water rescue. -attempt to rescue a patient drowning in 20 feet of water. -attempt any rescue you can if the need is dire. -attempt to rescue a patient drowning in 5 feet of water.

-attempt to rescue a patient drowning in 5 feet of water. *Do not attempt a rescue in which you must enter deep water or swim unless you have been trained to do so and are a very good swimmer. Except for shallow pools and open shallow waters with uniform​ bottoms, the problems faced in water rescue are too great and too dangerous for the poor swimmer or untrained person.

Developmental disorders that​ affect, among other​ things, the ability to​ communicate, report medical​ conditions, self-regulate​ behaviors, and interact with others to get needs met​ are: -bariatrics. -cognitive disabilities. -neuromuscular disorders. -autistic spectrum disorders.

-autistic spectrum disorders. *Autism spectrum disorders​ (ASD) are developmental disorders that​ affect, among other​ things, the ability to​ communicate, report medical​ conditions, self-regulate​ behaviors, and interact with others to get needs met.

The branch of medicine that deals with the causes of obesity as well as its prevention and treatment​ is: -geriatrics. -obstetrics. -bariatrics. -pediatrics.

-bariatrics. *Bariatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with the causes of obesity as well as its prevention and treatment.

As you physically examine a patient who might be in a behavioral​ emergency, you​ should: -be alert for any relevant medical and traumatic conditions. -stop at the first sign that appears to point to a psychiatric cause for the​ patient's behavior. -expect to find clear evidence of mental illness. -make the examination as rapid and abbreviated as possible.

-be alert for any relevant medical and traumatic conditions. *As you physically examine a patient who might be in a behavioral​ emergency, be alert for any medical or traumatic condition that might explain the​ patient's behavior.

Your patient has been sexually assaulted. Law enforcement is on the scene. You​ should: -withhold treatment until law enforcement has left the scene. -be conscious of the​ patient's likely need for personal space. -expose the patient and document your findings. -ask the patient to describe exactly what happened.

-be conscious of the​ patient's likely need for personal space. *The patient may not want to be touched​ unnecessarily, so be sensitive to his or her need for personal space. Explain your examinations and treatments beforehand. Be sensitive to the​ patient's fears and embarrassment. The other choices are not appropriate.

The therapeutic mechanism by which activated charcoal works is​ by: -increasing the motility​ (movement of​ substances) through the gastrointestinal system to expulsion. -binding poisons through​ adsorption, thus preventing poisons from being absorbed by the body. -causing an unpleasant taste and resultant vomiting. -causing the substances in the stomach to solidify into a​ single, solid mass.

-binding poisons through​ adsorption, thus preventing poisons from being absorbed by the body. *Activated charcoal works by providing an increased surface area of highly absorbable​ charcoal, which absorbs the toxic substance.

When​ crushed, the liver and​ spleen: -cause​ muscle, nerve, and tissue damage. -cause contusions on the surface of the skin. -bleed profusely and cause shock. -cause severe inflammation and sepsis.

-bleed profusely and cause shock. *Solid organs such as the liver and spleen normally contain considerable amounts of blood. When​ crushed, they bleed severely and cause shock.

To treat a patient exposed to dry lime​ powder, you​ should: -dilute the effect of the chemical by having the patient drink water. -brush the powder from the​ patient's skin. -neutralize the chemical with the appropriate substance. -soak the affected area with copious amounts of warm water.

-brush the powder from the​ patient's skin. *Brush any dry chemicals or solid toxins from the​ patient's skin, taking extreme care not to abrade the skin or spread the contamination. Contact medical direction to determine whether to flush the contaminated area.

Many radiological substances are​ also: -psychological hazards. -chemical hazards. -mechanical hazards. -thermal hazards.

-chemical hazards. *Many radiological substances are also chemical hazards. This is an area often overlooked by responders who are concentrating on radiation effects.

Cholecystitis pain is often confused​ with: -shock. -chest pain. -GI bleeding. -hernia.

-chest pain. *Pain from cholecystitis is often confused with chest pain and may be difficult to distinguish from cardiac complaints.

Organization for a smaller MCI would​ involve: -command and a triage supervisor. -site operations. -aides to the triage supervisor. -treatment and transportation supervisors.

-command and a triage supervisor. *Organization for a smaller MCI would likely only include command for​ command, transport, and staging and a triage supervisor for​ triage, treatment, and extrication.

A fracture that results in multiple bone pieces at the fracture site is termed​ a: -fracture dislocation. -spiral fracture. -crush fracture. -comminuted fracture.

-comminuted fracture. *A comminuted fracture is a fracture in which the bone is broken in several places.

If a patient in shock is able to maintain​ perfusion, then this​ is: -compensated shock. -physiological shock. -decompensated shock. -irreversible shock.

-compensated shock. *In compensated​ shock, the body senses and responds to a decrease in perfusion.​ Tachycardia, tachypnea, and​ cool, pale skin are early signs of shock.

Rough handling or agitation of a pediatric patient with epiglottitis could lead​ to: -complete airway obstruction. -improved cardiac output. -febrile seizures. -elevated oxygen saturation.

-complete airway obstruction. *Rough handling or agitation of a pediatric patient with suspected epiglottitis could lead to complete airway obstruction due to laryngeal spasm.

Manual cervical stabilization should be provided to all patients with a significant mechanism of injury​ until: -completion of a neuromotor examination. -completion of the spinal clearance protocol. -establishment of spinal tenderness. -completion of a sensory examination.

-completion of the spinal clearance protocol. *Apply manual cervical stabilization until the spinal clearance protocol exam is complete or until mechanical stabilization has been applied.

For a young child with isolated genital​ injuries, you​ should: -challenge the parents directly about the possibility of child abuse. -withhold care until law enforcement arrives. -consider the possibility of abuse and treat the child with sensitivity. -avoid questioning the child about the cause of the injuries so as not to embarrass the child.

-consider the possibility of abuse and treat the child with sensitivity. *This situation requires exceptional diplomacy and gentle inquiry to explore the possibility of sexual abuse.

Your female patient has trauma to the external genitalia. For this type of​ call, you should​ always: -consider the possibility of assault. -direct the patient to document exactly what happened. -fully expose the patient. -notify law enforcement.

-consider the possibility of assault. *Assault is a possibility. Expose the patient only as necessary to provide care.

A​ 35-year-old male is suffering a severe anaphylactic reaction. You have administered one of the​ patient's two epinephrine​ auto-injectors as​ indicated; however, after 10​ minutes, the​ patient's condition has not improved. You should​ NEXT: -inject the second​ auto-injector, but this time try to inject it into a vein. -not administer the second​ auto-injector because two consecutive doses of epinephrine are never indicated. The second one is simply a spare. -consult with medical control and administer the second​ auto-injector. -wait 10 more minutes and then administer the second​ auto-injector.

-consult with medical control and administer the second​ auto-injector. *Some​ patients' anaphylaxis is so severe that they carry two​ auto-injectors. If your protocols allow​ it, consult medical control and administer the second dose.​ Typically, a​ 10-minute window is sufficient to gauge response to the first injection.

To know whether you should administer oxygen to all patients with sickle cell​ anemia, you​ should: -consult with your partner. -consult your local protocols. -use your best judgment. -consult medical direction.

-consult your local protocols. *Some local protocols may direct you to administer supplemental oxygen to all sickle cell patients.

All patients leaving the site of a hazardous materials incident should be​ considered: -stable. -low priority. -cleared for transport. -contaminated.

-contaminated. *All patients leaving the site of the incident should be considered contaminated until proven otherwise. It may be your responsibility as the EMT to assist in guaranteeing that any patient to be transported to a medical facility is thoroughly decontaminated. This is important as a contaminated patient could contaminate and shut down an ambulance or even an emergency room.

A terminal illness is​ often: -easily managed. -swift. -reversible. -costly.

-costly. *The cost of​ end-of-life care can create financial​ problems, compounding the​ patient's and​ family's concerns.

When palpating a fracture site on a​ patient's mid-thigh, you notice a grating sensation. This is known​ as: -bone grind. -thrill. -crepitus. -stridor.

-crepitus. *Crepitus is a grating sensation or sound made when fractured bone ends rub together.

A patient has​ "the bends" following a deep sea dive. The​ patient's condition is likely due​ to: -decompression sickness. -nitrogen narcosis. -severe hypothermia. -compression injury.

-decompression sickness. *Decompression sickness occurs when nitrogen becomes trapped in the​ body's tissues. It can occur as a result of rapid ascent following a deep dive. Symptoms include deep muscle and joint​ pain, a condition that is often called​ "the bends."

The regions on the surface of the body that individually are associated with specific pairs of sensory spinal nerves​ (a single nerve for each side of the​ body) are​ called: -nerve tracts. -vertebral branches. -myotomes. -dermatomes.

-dermatomes. *The sensory regions that are associated with pairs of spinal nerves are the dermatomes.

The layer of skin that is rich with blood​ vessels, nerves, and specialized structures is​ the: -fascia. -epidermis. -subcutaneous. -dermis.

-dermis. *The dermis is the inner​ (second) layer of the skin beneath the epidermis that is rich with​ nerves, vessels, and specialized structures.

Good hand protection for vehicle extrication is BEST achieved​ by: -disposable vinyl or other synthetic gloves underneath either​ firefighter's gloves or leather gloves. -nonlatex examination gloves. -work gloves. -fabric garden gloves.

-disposable vinyl or other synthetic gloves underneath either​ firefighter's gloves or leather gloves. *Because EMTs stick their hands into all sorts of unfriendly​ places, every EMT should have optimal hand protection. Good protection is afforded by wearing disposable vinyl or other synthetic gloves underneath either​ firefighter's gloves or leather gloves. If greater dexterity is​ needed, you can wear​ intermediate-weight leather gloves. Fabric garden or work gloves are too thin to offer adequate protection.

​Depressants, such as​ barbiturates, depress the central nervous system. They are often used to bring on a more relaxed state of mind. Based on​ this, depressants are often​ called: -narcotics. -hallucinogens. -uppers. -downers.

-downers. *Downers are​ depressants, such as​ barbiturates, that depress the central nervous system. They are often used to bring on a more relaxed state of mind.

You are directed to establish a rehab area at a hazmat incident. You know that this area must​ be: -easily accessible to EMS units. -established within the warm zone. -away from the media and the public. -at least a quarter of a mile from the hot zone.

-easily accessible to EMS units. *Rehab must be in the cold zone and easily accessible to EMS.

Patients who are experiencing a heart attack often complain​ of: -diarrhea. -extremity pain. -epigastric pain. -headache.

-epigastric pain. *Epigastric pain is common in patients who are experiencing AMI.

Because pediatric patients are abdominal​ breathers: -their lungs are less easily damaged from trauma. -evaluating their breathing is different than evaluating an adult. -they are less susceptible to fatigue of the muscles involved in respiration. -they are less susceptible to abdominal injury.

-evaluating their breathing is different than evaluating an adult. *Infants and young children are abdominal​ breathers, using their diaphragms for breathing more than adults. Watch the abdomen as well as the chest to evaluate their breathing.

Abdominal pain or discomfort should always be considered an​ emergency: -unless the patient appears to be in compensated shock. -even if signs of shock are not present. -only if signs of shock are present. -only if the patient is in decompensated shock.

-even if signs of shock are not present. *Abdominal pain or discomfort should always be considered an emergency even if signs of shock are not present.

Kidneys​ remove: -blood. -healthy cells. -oxygen. -excessive salts.

-excessive salts. *The kidneys are responsible for the filtration of the blood and the removal of certain waste​ products, excessive​ salts, and excessive fluid from the body.

​Bizarre, aggressive behavior is exhibited by patients​ with: -phobia. -anxiety. -depression. -excited delirium.

-excited delirium. *Patients with excited delirium act in a bizarre and aggressive manner. This behavior is often associated with cocaine or amphetamine use.

Generally when providing emergency care of open​ wounds, the first thing you would do​ is: -clean the wound surface. -expose the wound. -bandage a dressing in place. -control the bleeding.

-expose the wound. *When providing emergency care of open​ wounds, the first thing you would do is expose the wound. Clothing that covers a​ soft-tissue injury must be​ lifted, cut, or split away. For some articles of​ clothing, this is best done with scissors or a seam cutter. Do not attempt to remove clothing in the usual​ manner, which can aggravate existing injuries and cause additional damage and pain. Take care in removing clothing if blood or debris has adhered it to the wound.

When not enough heat is generated to be available to all parts of the​ body, then: -exposed tissues are damaged and body functions reduce or cease. -the body reduces circulation to compensate. -muscular activity in the form of shivering increases. -the body reduces perspiration to compensate.

-exposed tissues are damaged and body functions reduce or cease. *When not enough heat is generated to be available to all parts of the​ body, then exposed tissues are damaged and body functions reduce or cease. Reducing perspiration and circulation and shivering are compensatory measures to avoid tissue damage or impaired function.

You have arrived on the scene of a child with reported difficulty breathing. The patient is a​ four-year-old male who is sitting on the​ floor, putting together a puzzle with his mother. One of the FIRST things you notice is that the child is grunting with each expiration. This finding is part of​ the: -circulation assessment. -mental status assessment. -patient history. -general impression.

-general impression. *If the child is​ grunting, you should suspect that he is having difficulty keeping his lower airway open. This finding is part of the general impression of the patient because it is one of the first things you notice.

During transport of a hypothermic patient who is alert and responding appropriately and that local protocols dictate you may actively​ rewarm, you​ should: -remove the patient from the cold environment. -remove all the​ patient's wet clothing. -wrap the patient in dry blankets. -gently apply heat to the​ patient's body.

-gently apply heat to the​ patient's body. *During transport of a hypothermic patient who is alert and responding appropriately and that local protocols dictate you may actively​ rewarm, you should gently apply heat to the​ patient's body. Removing the patient from the cold​ environment, removing the​ patient's wet​ clothing, and wrapping the patient in dry blankets would all have happened by the time you are transporting the patient.

If a patient whose​ erratic, confused behavior suddenly subsides into calm and​ rationality, the cause for the​ erratic, confused behavior is LEAST​ likely: -hypoxia. -hypoglycemia. -head trauma. -mind-altering substances.

-head trauma. *All of these conditions could cause​ confused, erratic​ behavior, but if the lack of oxygen or low blood sugar level is corrected or the patient metabolizes the​ mind-altering substance, then the negative effects could subside. Effects following from head trauma are unlikely to simply subside.

The most immediate concern for impalements into the head and brain is that there will​ be: -hemorrhage and brain swelling. -an altered level of consciousness. -a very noticeable scar afterward. -infection.

-hemorrhage and brain swelling. *The greatest concern is that there will be hemorrhage and swelling of the brain.

Urticaria is another term​ for: -bronchoconstriction. -severe itching. -hives. -swelling of the face.

-hives. *Urticaria is another term for​ hives:, which are​ red, itchy, possibly raised blotches on the skin. Severe itching is known as pruritus. Swelling is known as edema.

The Emergency Response Guidebook can BEST help you​ determine: -how to avoid contact with hazardous material. -how to identify terrorists. -how to survive following a nuclear blast. -how to neutralize radiological threats.

-how to avoid contact with hazardous material. *One example of using distance to minimize exposure to harm would be avoiding contact by following the recommended guidelines regarding hazardous materials in the current edition of the Emergency Response Guidebook.

Your pediatric patient accidentally ingested a medication that causes widespread vasodilation. This increases the​ patient's risk​ of: -hypothermia. -hyperthermia. -hemorrhage. -hypertension.

-hypothermia. *Vasodilation accelerates the loss of body heat and can lead to hypothermia.

When providing care for substance abuse​ patients, make sure you are safe​ and: -do not provide care to any substance abuse patient not in legal custody. -indicate that law enforcement officers are on their way. -identify yourself as an EMT to the patient and bystanders. -do not provide care to patients who are behaving erratically.

-identify yourself as an EMT to the patient and bystanders. *When providing care for substance abuse​ patients, make sure you are safe and identify yourself as an EMT to the patient and bystanders.

For a​ high-priority, unstable patient with musculoskeletal​ injuries, you​ should: -position the patient on the less injured side and then​ "load and​ go." -splint specific injuries before transport. -apply a cervical collar and then splint specific injuries before transport. -immobilize the whole body on a long spine board and​ "load and​ go."

-immobilize the whole body on a long spine board and​ "load and​ go." *For a​ high-priority, unstable patient with musculoskeletal​ injuries, you should immobilize the whole body on a long spine board and​ "load and​ go." If time and the​ patient's condition​ permit, you may be able to splint a specific injury en route.

A patient who threatens to harm himself or his wife because he is sure she is plotting against him with her​ sister, although both she and her sister deny​ it, is: -in a behavioral emergency. -in a behavioral emergency if he is lying. -certainly lying but not in a behavioral emergency. -possibly telling the truth and behaving normally if so.

-in a behavioral emergency. *This patient is threatening harm to himself or his​ wife, which is not tolerable given the​ circumstances, even if he is correct that his wife and her sister are plotting against him. It​ isn't likely that this patient is telling the​ truth, although he may believe that he is. In any​ case, he is in a behavioral emergency because the threat to cause harm is not warranted.

Pain from appendicitis​ begins: -in the area of the umbilicus and is followed by persistent pain in the right lower quadrant. -in the right lower quadrant and is followed by persistent pain the left lower quadrant. -in the right shoulder and is followed by persistent pain in the umbilicus. -in the area of the right shoulder and is followed by persistent pain in the right lower quadrant.

-in the area of the umbilicus and is followed by persistent pain in the right lower quadrant. *With​ appendicitis, patients feel pain in the area of the umbilicus​ (initially), followed by persistent pain in the right lower quadrant​ (RLQ).

A pediatric patient has extensive burn injuries. Rescuers have applied a wet but sterile burn sheet. You know that this is likely​ to: -decrease the risk of hypothermia. -increase the risk of hypothermia. -alleviate the​ patient's pain. -increase the risk of infection.

-increase the risk of hypothermia. *Moist burn sheets may be needed temporarily to stop the burning process but will increase the risk of hypothermia if left in place.

The relative ease with which the microorganisms involved in a biological agent establish themselves in a host species is that​ agent's: -virulence. -infectivity. -toxicity. -incubation period.

-infectivity. *The infectivity of an agent reflects the relative ease with which the microorganisms involved establish themselves in a host species.

Your​ municipality's water supply has been contaminated by a possible terrorist attack. This poses a possible health danger​ through: -oxidation. -inhalation. -absorption. -ingestion.

-ingestion. *Contamination of the water supply would pose a health risk through ingestion.

A patient with carbon monoxide poisoning was exposed​ by: -ingestion. -inhalation. -injection. -absorption.

-inhalation. *Carbon monoxide is an inhaled poison.

The most effective way to disseminate most CBRNE materials is​ through: -injection. -inhalation. -absorption. -ingestion.

-inhalation. *Inhalation is an effective way to spread injury to a large number of victims. It is easier and more practical than other methods of dissemination.

Greenstick fracture

An incomplete fracture.

Psychological elder abuse is shown by​ actions: -intended to make the patient feel isolated and alone. -that cause the patient to fall. -that make the​ patient's physical environment inhospitable. -that sap the​ patient's financial resources.

-intended to make the patient feel isolated and alone. *Psychological abuse and neglect include​ threats, insults, or ignoring an older person​ ("the silent​ treatment"). Psychological abuse often involves actions designed to make the elderly patient feel isolated and alone.

A bulging fontanelle can be a sign​ of: -epiglottitis. -shock. -hypothermia. -intracranial pressure.

-intracranial pressure. *Fontanelles are soft spots on an​ infant's scalp formed by the joining of​ not-yet-fused bones of the skull. A bulging fontanelle can be a sign of intracranial pressure.

The colon is also known as​ the: -small intestine. -stomach. -large intestine. -gallbladder.

-large intestine. *The large intestine is also called the colon.

When administering epinephrine via​ auto-injector, you should place the tip of the device against​ the: -posterior portion of​ the​ patient's lower arm. -lateral portion of​ the​ patient's thigh. -anterior portion of​ the​ patient's upper arm. -lateral portion of​ the​ patient's neck.

-lateral portion of​ the​ patient's thigh. *The​ auto-injector is simple to use. It is activated by being pressed against the​ patient's thigh. The pressure releases a​ spring-activated plunger, pushing the concealed needle into the thigh muscle and injecting a dose of the drug. The anterolateral portion of the thigh midway between the waist and knee is preferred because it provides the fastest absorption and the highest peak blood concentration of the medication.

Hyperthermia

An increase in body temperature above normal, which is a life-threatening condition in its extreme.

After delivery of the​ placenta, you observe an unusual amount of heavy bleeding. You​ should: -apply the PASG. -pack the vagina with gauze. -ask the mother to stop​ breast-feeding. -massage the uterus.

-massage the uterus. *Uterine massage can stimulate contraction and slow bleeding.​ Breast-feeding may also slow bleeding.

Weakness in an elderly​ patient: -usually is only a sign of advanced age. -may be a sign of cardiac dysrhythmia. -often indicates significant internal bleeding. -is typically treatable in the field.

-may be a sign of cardiac dysrhythmia. *Weakness can be the result of cardiac dysrhythmias. When an​ eighty-year-old's heart is beating 180 times a​ minute, there​ isn't time for the heart to fill between contractions. More commonly in the​ elderly, the heart experiences​ bradycardia, a pulse rate less than 60 per minute.​ Fortunately, either condition can be treated with​ medications, a​ pacemaker, or both.

Two-way communications equipment is required on basic life support ambulances for communication between the EMS​ provider, the​ dispatcher, and: -medical direction. -other units. -police and fire department personnel. -the​ patient's physician.

-medical direction. *Two-way communications equipment is required on basic life support ambulances for communication between the EMS​ provider, the​ dispatcher, and medical direction.

In a hot​ environment, the air being​ inhaled: -is always the same temperature as exhaled air. -is cooled when it is exhaled. -might be warmer than the air being exhaled. -is still much colder than the air being exhaled.

-might be warmer than the air being exhaled. *In a hot​ environment, air being inhaled is​ warm, possibly warmer than the air being exhaled.

Blunt trauma​ is: -generally a matter for police intervention. -associated with stab wounds and gunshot wounds. -more common in rural and suburban areas. -more common in urban areas.

-more common in rural and suburban areas. *Blunt​ trauma, which is more common in rural and suburban​ areas, can be associated with such dangers as bent power​ poles, leaking​ fuel, sharp glass and metal​ edges, and passing traffic.

If resuscitation is​ required, a patient with a suspected spinal​ injury: -can be propped on the right side for drainage of fluids from the mouth. -must remain supine with constant monitoring of the airway and suctioning equipment ready. -can be transported in a sitting position for comfort. -can be propped on the left side for drainage of fluids from the mouth.

-must remain supine with constant monitoring of the airway and suctioning equipment ready. *A patient with a potential spinal injury must remain immobilized on the long spine​ board, with the patient and board together being secured to the stretcher. If resuscitation is​ required, he must remain supine with constant monitoring of the airway and suctioning equipment ready.

Physical contact and eye contact with a patient in a psychiatric emergency should​ be: -prolonged and constant. -natural and necessary for the situation. -direct and frequent unless the patient seems agitated. -avoided unless absolutely necessary.

-natural and necessary for the situation. *Make good eye contact and physical contact when necessary. A patient in a psychiatric emergency will often be​ agitated, and contact with that patient should not be avoided on that account.

Early signs of potential impending violence​ include: -quietly sitting and crying. -refusing to talk or interact with you. -constant talking or rambling. -nervous pacing.

-nervous pacing. *Early signs that a person may have lost control and may become violent include nervous​ pacing, shouting,​ threatening, cursing, throwing​ objects, clenched​ teeth, and clenched fists.

A brain injury is classified as nontraumatic if it​ is: -not attributable to an external cause. -not assessable on the Glasgow Coma Scale. -not permanent. -not serious.

-not attributable to an external cause. *A brain injury is classified as nontraumatic if it is not attributable to an external cause.

You just administered an EpiPen​® to your patient. The patient is improved but is now complaining of chest pain. You​ should: -administer another dose of epinephrine. -administer nitroglycerin. -notify medical direction. -tell the patient that this is normal.

-notify medical direction. *The​ patient's chest pain may be a temporary side effect of the medication or something more serious. Contact medical direction for assistance. You should not administer more epinephrine. Medical control may consider​ nitroglycerin, but this would be rare in a patient who is sick enough to require epinephrine.

Tracheostomy tubes are prone​ to: -deflation. -obstruction. -inflation. -overheating.

-obstruction. *Tracheostomy tubes often become obstructed and require suctioning.

For a pediatric patient run over by a​ car, you would LEAST​ expect: -obvious external damage to the chest and abdomen. -internal chest injuries. -internal abdominal injuries. -Fractures of the extremities.

-obvious external damage to the chest and abdomen. *Although internal chest and abdominal injuries are commonly caused to a pediatric patient run over a​ car, they often are without obvious external damage.

When ventilating a patient who has ingested a​ poison, mouth-to-mouth ventilation is dangerous not only because of the possibility of​ infection, but also​ because: -the​ patient's breath will be toxic. -of possible contact with the ingested substance. -the toxic action of the poison on the patient will become worse. -a poisoned patient will become more hypoxic through this method of ventilation.

-of possible contact with the ingested substance. *When ventilating a patient who has ingested a​ poison, mouth-to-mouth ventilation is dangerous not only because of the possibility of​ infection, but also because of possible contact with the ingested substance on the​ patient's lips, in the​ airway, or in his vomitus.

You park downstream of an accident site on a busy​ four-lane highway. A fire apparatus has been positioned upstream to block two lanes of traffic. You are parked in the rightmost lane. Cones are placed in a line down the center of the​ highway, blocking off two​ lanes, including the lane to your left just outside the​ driver's side door. You may exit the​ vehicle: -only when a spotter signals you. -only if you see no traffic approaching in the side mirror. -only on the​ passenger's side. -on the​ driver's side after checking approaching traffic in the side mirror.

-on the​ driver's side after checking approaching traffic in the side mirror. *Responders who are exiting apparatus are at high risk of being struck by a passing vehicle. They should always exit into the safe​ zone, if​ possible, after checking to be sure that traffic has stopped. Be sure everyone in the responding vehicle is​ communicating, looking out for​ traffic, and being aware of when it is safe to exit the unit. In this​ case, the lane to the left of the vehicle on the​ driver's side is blocked​ off, so it is part of the safe zone.

A patient with a history of alcohol abuse who reports visual and auditory hallucinations is​ reporting: -one of the symptoms of alcohol abuse. -a symptom that indicates head trauma. -a symptom that is unusual for alcohol abuse. -a symptom that indicates abuse of hallucinogenics.

-one of the symptoms of alcohol abuse. *A patient with a history of alcohol abuse who reports visual and auditory hallucinations is reporting one of the symptoms of alcohol abuse. The patient may also have head trauma and may also have abused​ hallucinogenics, but a report of hallucinations​ doesn't certainly indicate either one.

An fracture may be classified​ as: -common or uncommon. -simple or complex. -open or closed. -total or partial.

-open or closed. *A fracture may be classified as​ open, breaking the​ skin, or​ closed, not breaking the skin.

Emergency responders respond to a bomb attack and begin​ rescuing, assessing, and treating the wounded. Responders should be on the alert​ for: -suspicious-looking people. -other explosive devices. -signs that clearly indicate a political motive. -clues to what organization mounted the attack.

-other explosive devices. *Responders should be on the alert for other explosive devices that are likely to be at the scene.

If you are not the primary or​ first-arriving unit to the scene of a highway​ collision, then: -determine the resources needed when the primary unit has sized up the scene. -park or stage your unit near the​ on-ramp. -size up the incident from a distance. -park next to the primary unit for staging.

-park or stage your unit near the​ on-ramp. *If you are not the primary or​ first-arriving unit, stay off the highway. Park or stage your unit near the​ on-ramp until the first unit has sized up the incident and determined the resources needed. You​ don't want to expose people to any more risk than necessary when working on the highway.

You are preparing to transport an elderly patient from his home to the hospital after a fall injury. You offer to lock all the doors for the patient. This is an example​ of: -patient advocacy. -larceny. -exceeding the scope of practice. -unnecessary delay.

-patient advocacy. *Offering to lock the doors of the​ patient's residence is common​ courtesy, good customer​ service, and a form of patient advocacy.

Waste can build up in the body​ when: -the blood volume reduces. -the heart rate decreases. -excretion increases. -perfusion decreases.

-perfusion decreases. *Waste products build up in the body when blood is inadequately circulated and perfusion is low.

When ovulation​ occurs, the fallopian tubes move the​ egg, or​ ovum, toward the uterus with waves of muscular contraction​ called: -urinalysis. -peristalsis. -hydrolysis. -neuralgia.

-peristalsis. *When ovulation​ occurs, the fallopian tubes move the​ egg, or​ ovum, toward the uterus with waves of muscular contraction called peristalsis.

The membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs within it is​ the: -peritoneum. -stomach. -viscera. -abdomen.

-peritoneum. *The peritoneum is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity​ (the parietal​ peritoneum) and covers the organs within it​ (the visceral​ peritoneum).

Pyelonephritis

An infection that begins in the urinary tract and ascends up the ureter into the kidney.

Withholding food or medical care from an elderly person is a form​ of: -physical abuse. -sexual abuse. -financial abuse. -emotional abuse.

-physical abuse. *Withholding food and medical care are examples of physical abuse. Failing to provide necessary personal hygiene may also constitute physical abuse.

An APGAR score of 2 for appearance would​ be: -pale​ extremities, blue trunk. -blue all over -extremities blue. -pink all over.

-pink all over. *An APGAR score of 2 for appearance would be pink all over.

In the case of a large​ evisceration, you​ should: -use layers of bulky dressings moistened with saline. -use layers of occlusive dressing moistened with saline. -use layers of bulky dressings moistened with saline and sealed with a large occlusive dressing. -place layers of bulky dressings over a dressing moistened with saline.

-place layers of bulky dressings over a dressing moistened with saline. *An evisceration occurs when an organ or other​ intra-abdominal tissues are protruding from a large abdominal wound. In cases of large​ eviscerations, maintain warmth by placing layers of bulky dressing over a dressing moistened with saline.

You have just completed administering an EpiPen​® to an anaphylactic​ 22-year-old female. You have successfully injected the medication and withdrawn the syringe. You should​ NEXT: -deliver the EpiPen® to the pharmacy. -turn the EpiPen® over to ALS personnel. -turn the EpiPen® over to the hospital upon arrival. -place the EpiPen® in an appropriate biohazard container.

-place the EpiPen® in an appropriate biohazard container. *The EpiPen​® should be placed in a biohazard container as it technically contains a contaminated sharp. There is no need to deliver it to the​ hospital, the​ pharmacy, or ALS personnel as long as the dose and time are documented on the​ hand-off documentation.

When air is present in the chest​ cavity, the injury is called​ a: -hemothorax. -sucking chest wound. -tension pneumothorax. -pneumothorax.

-pneumothorax. *Air in the chest cavity is a pneumothorax. Blood in the chest cavity is a hemothorax.

Stocking pattern burn marks on a pediatric patient are an indication​ of: -hypotension. -a circulatory disorder. -possible physical abuse. -hypertensive crisis.

-possible physical abuse. *Stocking pattern burns may be an indication that the child is being physically abused. A​ "glove" or​ "stocking" burn mark might be from dipping the child in hot water.

Your pregnant patient is contracting. You have determined that delivery is imminent. You​ should: -prepare to deliver on scene. -determine the​ mother's preference. -transport immediately. -do nothing until ALS personnel arrive.

-prepare to deliver on scene. *If your evaluation of the patient leads you to believe that birth is too near at hand for​ transport, you and your partner should prepare to assist the mother with delivery.​ Remember, as part of the​ preparation, the patient will need emotional support.

Covering a patient in the ambulance does all of the following​ EXCEPT: -maintain body temperature. -ensure privacy. -prevent exposure to the elements. -prevent infection.

-prevent infection. *Covering a patient helps to maintain body​ temperature, prevents exposure to the​ elements, and helps ensure privacy.

Sickled red blood cells are believed to block blood that is trying to exit the corpus​ spongiosum, which for men​ causes: -priapism. -joint pain. -vaso-occlusive crises. -strokes.

-priapism. *Sickled red blood cells are believed to block blood that is trying to exit the corpus​ spongiosum, causing the​ prolonged, painful erection of the penis called priapism.

Venom is a​ toxin: -produced by certain animals. -manufactured by humans. -produced as a byproduct of chemical process. -secreted by plants.

-produced by certain animals. *Venom is a toxin produced by certain animals such as​ snakes, spiders, and some marine life forms.

For a patient with severe​ hypothermia, you: -should avoid both passive and active rewarming until reaching the emergency department. -provide passive rewarming but do not actively rewarm the patient. -provide both passive and active rewarming to the patient. -should actively rewarm the patient as soon as possible.

-provide passive rewarming but do not actively rewarm the patient. *A patient who is unresponsive or not responding appropriately has severe hypothermia. For this​ patient, provide passive rewarming. Do not try to actively rewarm the patient with severe hypothermia. Remove the patient from the​ environment, and protect him from further heat loss. Active rewarming may cause the patient to develop ventricular fibrillation and other complications. Active rewarming can be initiated after arrival at the emergency department in a more monitored setting.

Emergency Medical Dispatchers are trained​ to: -provide prearrival medical instructions. -review EMS encounter forms. -administer advanced life support. -provide medical direction.

-provide prearrival medical instructions. *EMDs can provide prearrival medical instructions to 911 callers.

You are told that a number of victims at a terrorism event have suffered severe physical trauma including soft tissue and musculoskeletal injuries. In addition to this mechanical​ harm, you also​ suspect: -radiological harm. -etiological harm. -psychological harm. -chemical harm.

-psychological harm. *Psychological harm can result from any violent or traumatic event. Terrorist events are designed to create​ fear, invoke​ panic, reduce faith in​ government, and​ (as the name​ indicates) cause terror.

To make up an ambulance​ cot, you would​ FIRST: -raise the cot to a​ high-level position. -remove all unsoiled blankets and pillows. -remove all soiled linen. -clean the mattress surface.

-raise the cot to a​ high-level position. *Raise the stretcher to the​ high-level position if​ possible; this makes the procedure easier. The stretcher should be flat with the side rails lowered and straps unfastened.

Prior to stabilizing the​ vehicle, you​ would: -immobilize and extricate the patient. -disentangle the patient. -gain access to the patient. -recognize and manage hazards.

-recognize and manage hazards. *Prior to stabilizing the​ vehicle, you would recognize and manage hazards.

Nerve pathways from the gallbladder share pathways that sense shoulder pain. This commonly leads​ to: -hemorrhage. -radiating pain. -referred pain. -vomiting.

-referred pain. *Patients with gallbladder problems often have referred right shoulder pain due to the shared nerve pathways. Hemorrhage may cause irritation leading to referred pain but does not in and of itself cause shoulder pain.

Burns involving the airway often lead​ to: -bradycardia. -respiratory compromise. -hypoglycemia. -hypertensive crisis.

-respiratory compromise. *Without an intact​ airway, the patient will be unable to ventilate or oxygenate. The result of this will be cellular hypoxemia and death.

A secondary device​ targets: -the military. -politicians. -communications structures. -responders and patients.

-responders and patients. *A secondary device is intended to be detonated after rescuers have entered the scene. It targets patients and responders on the scene.

The parents of a child who is on an artificial ventilator call EMS for help when the ventilator begins to malfunction. Your primary care to this patient will NOT​ include: -ensuring an open airway. -transporting the patient. -artificially ventilating the patient with a pocket or​ bag-valve mask. -restarting the machine.

-restarting the machine. *Artificial ventilators in the home are becoming more common. Although the parents will be trained in the​ ventilator's use, they will call EMS when there is trouble. Regardless of the​ problem, your emergency care will include maintaining an open​ airway, artificially ventilating with a pocket mask or​ bag-valve mask with​ oxygen, and transporting the patient.

If a patient becomes​ violent, your first action should be​ to: -retreat from the scene if possible. -restrain the patient. -try to calm the patient. -call for additional resources.

-retreat from the scene if possible. *Your first action should be to retreat to safety if possible and then call for help.

If a newborn is not breathing upon​ delivery, your first action should be​ to: -begin​ bag-valve-mask ventilations. -begin chest compressions and ventilations. -rub the​ newborn's back as you dry him or her. -give​ blow-by oxygen.

-rub the​ newborn's back as you dry him or her. *If the baby does not begin to breathe within 30 seconds after​ birth, the EMT should encourage the baby to breathe by rubbing the back or tapping the bottoms of the feet. Do not hold the baby up by his feet and slap his​ bottom!

A​ 22-year-old female patient slipped running down stairs and has injured her right tibia and fibula. You have used an air splint to splint the injury. To test the​ splint, you​ can: -ask the patient is the splint is tight enough without being painful. -drum your fingers briefly on the side of the splint. -gently brush the length of the split with your fingertips. -see if you can cause a slight dent in the plastic with fingertip pressure.

-see if you can cause a slight dent in the plastic with fingertip pressure. *To test an​ air-inflated splint, see if you can cause a slight dent in the plastic with fingertip pressure. Remember to check periodically to see that the pressure in the splint has remained adequate and has not decreased or increased.

You have been called to a nursing home where you find an​ 88-year-old female patient who is confused and combative. The staff states that this is not her normal behavior but that she has been bedridden from a previous stroke. They also report that she has had a recent urinary tract infection from an indwelling catheter. You note that her skin is flushed and​ warm, her pulse is​ 108, and her blood pressure is​ 80/44. You should​ suspect: -anaphylactic shock. -septic shock. -neurogenic shock. -hypovolemic shock.

-septic shock. *A widespread infection from a urinary tract source can lead to profound sepsis.

Traffic flow around an accident site on a​ highway: -should be controlled and slowed. -is unsafe until a safe zone is created. -should only be open to rescue vehicles. -should be prevented entirely during incident response.

-should be controlled and slowed. *It is not always necessary to completely block traffic on a highway with an accident​ site, but traffic should always be controlled and​ slowed, and it should always be considered a hazard.

Ventilating a drowning victim too quickly or forcefully will likely​ cause: -anxiety in the patient. -improved BVM compliance. -significant gastric distention. -increased cardiac output.

-significant gastric distention. *Hyperventilation increases the risk of vomiting due to gastric distention and decreases the effectiveness of CPR. If gastric distention interferes with artificial​ ventilation, place the patient on his left side. With suction immediately​ available, the EMT should place his hand over the epigastric area of the abdomen and apply firm pressure to relieve the distention. This procedure should be done only if the gastric distention interferes with the​ EMT's efforts to artificially ventilate the patient in an effective manner.

Adolescent patients will NOT likely cooperate if​ you: -speak down to them. -are honest with them. -advocate for them. -express empathy.

-speak down to them. *A patronizing or condescending attitude toward adolescent patients will not help to establish rapport with them.

Among the miscellaneous equipment typically required on a basic life support ambulance is​ a: -sphygmomanometer. -infant oxygen mask. -mobile phone. -pediatric stethoscope.

-sphygmomanometer. *A sphygmomanometer is typically among the required miscellaneous equipment on a basic life support ambulance.

Broad general plans designed to achieve desired outcomes​ are: -strategies. -tactics. -targets. -objectives.

-strategies. *Strategies are broad general plans designed to achieve desired outcomes.

Traditional methods of treating shock will NOT be effective​ with: -hypovolemic shock. -anaphylaxis. -supine hypotensive syndrome. -hemorrhagic shock.

-supine hypotensive syndrome. *You MUST get the weight off the inferior vena cava. Without​ this, other typical interventions for shock will not be effective.

Specific operational actions to accomplish assigned tasks​ are: -tactics. -strategies. -proposals. -earmarks.

-tactics. *Tactics are specific operational actions to accomplish assigned tasks.

You arrive at the scene of a potential hazardous materials incident and see several patients lying on the ground next to an overturned truck with what looks like chemicals leaking out of it in all directions. You​ should: -approach cautiously. -call out to the patients to see if any can leave the area of the accident. -take a command position. -immediately act to save the patients.

-take a command position. *When you arrive at a potential incident as an​ EMT, you must restrain your natural impulse to take action. Never assume the scene is safe. After the initial​ patients, EMTs are the most likely to become injured or killed because they tend to quickly react.​ Therefore, assess the situation first. Take a command​ position, and stay a safe distance from the site before you take action.

Knowing what you will do on scene and how that relates to what your partner will do is part​ of: -transport. -trauma. -timing. -teamwork.

-teamwork. *These decisions are made easier when your crew works well together and each member knows what to expect from another. This is called teamwork.

A patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm would most likely complain​ of: -palpitations. -altered mental status -diffuse abdominal pain. -tearing back pain.

-tearing back pain. *Tearing back or abdominal pain is common in patients with AAA.

Helmets worn by EMS providers should​ have: -dark lettering. -subdued colors. -auxiliary lighting capability. -the Star of Life on them.

-the Star of Life on them. *EMS workers should be easily identified by the Star of Life on their helmet.

A hot zone​ is: -an area where personnel and equipment are decontaminated. -immediately identifiable with placards. -an area where the support functions for an incident response are located. -the area immediately surrounding a hazmat incident.

-the area immediately surrounding a hazmat incident. *A hot zone is the area immediately surrounding a hazmat incident. It extends far enough to prevent adverse effects outside the zone.

To see the effect of direct​ force, you would look​ at: -any part of the patient that could have rotated from the impact. -areas adjacent to the point of impact. -all areas of the​ patient's body. -the area of the point of impact.

-the area of the point of impact. *The effect of direct force would be most visible at the area of the point of impact.

For​ location, an Emergency Medical Dispatcher does NOT​ need: -the street name with the direction designator. -the nearest cross street. -the exact route to the location from currently available responders. -the name of the development or subdivision.

-the exact route to the location from currently available responders. *The EMD must ask for the house or building number and the apartment number if any. It is important to ask for the street name with the direction designator​ (e.g., North,​ East), the nearest cross​ street, the name of the development or​ subdivision, and the exact location of the emergency.

The first effects of a bone injury are swelling of soft tissue​ and: -referred pain from the injury to associated muscle and bone groups. -strain of muscles and sprain of ligaments associated with the bone. -tearing of cartilage connected to the bone. -the formation of a blood clot in the area of the fracture.

-the formation of a blood clot in the area of the fracture. *The first effects of a bone injury are swelling of soft tissue and the formation of a blood clot in the area of the fracture. Both the swelling and the clotting are due to the destruction of blood vessels in the periosteum and the bone as well as to loss of blood from adjacent damaged vessels.

To realign an​ extremity, an EMT grasps the distal extremity while a partner places one hand above and one hand below the injury​ site, and​ THEN: -the partner immobilizes the site with a splint before the first EMT creates gentle manual traction in the direction of the long axis of the extremity. -each EMT pulls in a sudden sharp motion away from the site of injury along the long axis of the extremity. -each EMT exerts gentle manual traction on either side of the injured site until the limb snaps into place. -the partner supports the site while the first EMT creates gentle manual traction in the direction of the long axis of the extremity.

-the partner supports the site while the first EMT creates gentle manual traction in the direction of the long axis of the extremity. *To realign an​ extremity, an EMT grasps the distal extremity while a partner places one hand above and one hand below the injury​ site, and then the partner supports the site while the first EMT creates gentle manual traction in the direction of the long axis of the extremity. If the first EMT feels resistance or if it appears that bone ends will come through the​ skin, the EMT should stop realignment and splint the extremity in the position found. If no resistance is​ felt, the EMT should maintain gentle traction until the extremity is properly aligned and splinted.

If your trauma patient had an initial GCS score of 13 and now has a score of​ 10, this implies​ that: -someone miscalculated the first GCS​ score, as the maximum score is 10. -the patient is still stable. -the patient is deteriorating. -the patient is improving.

-the patient is deteriorating. *The GCS is a neurological assessment tool that ranks the​ patient's response numerically. The scores range from 3​ (indicating that the patient has no neurological​ findings) to 15​ (which means that the patient is neurologically​ intact).

A true emergency requiring the emergency mode of ambulance operation is typically defined​ as: -respiratory distress. -any medical condition requiring an EMS call. -any traumatic injury requiring an EMS call. -the possibility of loss of life and limb.

-the possibility of loss of life and limb. *Most states reserve the emergency mode of operation for a true​ emergency, defined as one in which the best information available to you is that loss of life or limb is possible.

Your patient is in active labor and admits to abusing prescription narcotics. You should​ expect: -the possible need for neonatal resuscitation. -an uncomplicated delivery if vital signs are normal. -a more rapid delivery. -the newborn to be tachycardic on delivery.

-the possible need for neonatal resuscitation. *Drug abuse by the mother increases the risk of newborn complications. Narcotics are a​ depressant, and this could affect the newborn.

The renal system is made up​ of: -two​ kidneys, two​ ureters, and two urethra. -two​ kidneys, two​ ureters, and one urethra. -two​ kidneys, two​ urethra, and one ureter. -two kidneys and two ureters in males and two urethra in females.

-two​ kidneys, two​ ureters, and one urethra.

Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA)

An inherited disease in which a genetic defect in the hemoglobin results in abnormal structure of the red blood cells.

A retraction relates​ to: -emotional state. -the work of breathing. -tone and position. -skin color.

-the work of breathing. *A retraction relates to the work of breathing. A retraction is the pulling in of the skin and soft tissue between the ribs when breathing. This is typically a sign of respiratory distress in children.

Recipients of kidney transplants​ have: -their donor kidney in their lower abdomen instead of the retroperitoneal space. -the need to replace their donated kidney in about 20 years. -two kidneys from different donors. -a restoration of normal kidney function within 1 to 2 years.

-their donor kidney in their lower abdomen instead of the retroperitoneal space. *The donor kidney is placed in the lower abdomen.

Knowing whether your patient has a history of alcohol abuse is important​ because: -this is information that is not normally obtained at the hospital. -alcohol abuse is a criminal offense in most states. -there may be a greater safety risk with patients who abuse alcohol. -it changes the manner in which you will manage​ airway, breathing, and circulatory problems.

-there may be a greater safety risk with patients who abuse alcohol. *Knowing the​ patient's history helps you identify any associated safety risks.

A victim is in the water and requires rescue. She is too far to pull to safety. You​ should: -walk her through a simple swim stroke. -throw her something that floats. -tell her to control her breathing. -instruct her to attempt to float on her back.

-throw her something that floats. *Provide the victim something that can be used as a floatation device.

You are treating a​ 42-year-old male assault victim who presents with​ nausea, vomiting, and sharp abdominal pain. While inspecting his​ abdomen, you note redness to his right upper quadrant. Based on your assessment​ findings, the patient is MOST likely suffering from which of the​ following? -traumatic hemorrhage of the spleen -acute appendicitis -trauma to the abdominal aorta -traumatic hemorrhage of the liver

-traumatic hemorrhage of the liver *The liver is a highly vascular solid organ located in the right upper quadrant. Trauma to the liver may cause serious internal hemorrhage. The spleen is also highly vascular but located in the left upper quadrant.

Drivers expect a vehicle operating​ four-way flashers to​ be: -traveling at a very slow speed. -responding to an emergency. -about to make a turn. -easier to pass quickly.

-traveling at a very slow speed. *Four-way flashers and directional signals should not be used as emergency lights. This is very confusing to the public as well as being illegal in some states. Drivers expect a vehicle with​ four-way flashers on to be traveling at a very slow speed. In​ addition, the flashers disrupt the function of the directional signals.

A patient is drunk and refusing treatment or transport. You​ should: -respect the​ patient's wishes but remain on scene to perform as much of a secondary assessment as possible. -call law enforcement to take custody of the patient. -respect the​ patient's wishes and leave the scene. -treat and arrange for transport of the patient as necessary on the basis of implied consent.

-treat and arrange for transport of the patient as necessary on the basis of implied consent. *A patient under the influence of alcohol cannot make an informed refusal of treatment or transport. If the patient refuses treatment or​ transport, you should nevertheless treat and arrange for transport of the patient as necessary on the basis of implied consent. Always contact medical direction before transporting a patient against his will. Document this in your prehospital care report.

The area in which secondary triage takes place at a​ multiple-casualty incident is​ the: -warm zone. -triage area. -treatment area. -transportation area.

-triage area. *The triage area is where secondary triage takes place at a​ multiple-casualty incident.

For maximum visibility at an accident scene at​ night, emergency vehicles​ should: -turn​ red/amber emergency lights on. -turn headlights on. -turn headlights to the brightest setting. -turn​ red/amber emergency lights off.

-turn​ red/amber emergency lights on. *Colored emergency lights should be on and headlights should be off for maximum visibility at night.

A patient who displays​ excitement, increased pulse and breathing​ rates, rapid​ speech, dry​ mouth, dilated​ pupils, and sweating has MOST likely been​ using: -narcotics. -downers. -volatile chemicals. -uppers.

-uppers. *All of these effects are common for patients who abuse uppers. The other types of drugs tend to have more depressive or dissociative effects.

A drainage tube placed into the urinary system to allow the flow of urine out of the body is​ a: -surgically created fistula. -peritoneal catheter -dialyzer. -urinary catheter.

-urinary catheter. *Aggregation of platelets is the​ body's fastest defense against bleeding.

When you are stabilizing an impaled object in the​ head, always: -use bulky and rigid support. -avoid wrapping the dressing around the​ head, as this may increase pressure in the head. -cover both the​ patient's eyes as well. -use a​ pressure-type dressing such as elastic wrap to hold the object in place.

-use bulky and rigid support. *In stabilizing an impaled​ object, you should always use bulky and rigid support.

If you are the first unit on the scene of an accident on the​ highway, you​ should: -set up your staging area on a crossover. -set up a safe area to stage downstream of the incident. -wait in your vehicle for additional units. -use your vehicle to protect the scene.

-use your vehicle to protect the scene. *Use your vehicle to protect the scene. Do not leave the patient loading area exposed to oncoming traffic.

Executing rapid entries into a danger zone to perform rescues is an example​ of: -using time constraints. -identifying the scope of a hazard. -using appropriate shielding. -maximizing distance from the hazard area.

-using time constraints. *Executing rapid entries into a danger zone to perform rescues is an example of using time constraints to minimize exposure.

The female reproductive structure that houses the fetus during development is​ the: -uterus. -ovary. -cervix. -fallopian tube.

-uterus. *The uterus​ (or womb) is a​ muscular, hollow organ located along the midline in most​ women's lower abdominal quadrants. This organ is the intended site for the fertilized egg to implant and develop into a fetus.

Volatile chemicals​ are: -injectable liquids. -vaporized compounds. -powders. -pills.

-vaporized compounds. *Volatile chemicals are vaporized​ compounds, such as cleaning fluid.

The problem of blood vessels dilating in compensation for trauma is primarily related​ to: -inadequate gas exchange. -lost blood volume. -vascular capacity that is too great. -heart failure.

-vascular capacity that is too great. *The problem of blood vessels dilating in compensation for trauma is primarily related to vascular capacity that is too great for the available blood to fill.

Rough handling of a hypothermic patient may lead​ to: -tachycardia. -spontaneous fractures. -hypertension. -ventricular fibrillation.

-ventricular fibrillation. *Rough handling can cause cardiac​ dysrhythmias, especially ventricular fibrillation.

​Dull, achy abdominal pain that is difficult to locate is​ called: -parietal pain. -tearing pain. -visceral pain. -referral pain.

-visceral pain. *Dull, achy, vague abdominal pain that is difficult to locate is called visceral and originates from the internal organs.

The​ "from the​ doorway" impression of the child that is part of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle relies primarily​ on: -percussion. -palpation. -taking of vital signs. -visual assessment.

-visual assessment. *The pediatric assessment triangle​ (PAT) is a method of pediatric assessment from two viewpoints. The first is the general impression formed as you approach the​ child, often referred to as an assessment​ "from the​ doorway." This is primarily a visual​ assessment, although you would also listen for warning signs such as labored breathing.

Field decontamination takes place in​ the: -hot zone. -warm zone. -cold zone. -safe zone.

-warm zone. *Field decontamination takes place in the warm zone.

You have established manual​ in-line cervical spine stabilization of an unconscious trauma patient. You may release manual​ stabilization: -when immobilization has been completed. -when the patient arrives at the hospital emergency department. -when the patient is placed on the backboard. -once a cervical collar has been applied.

-when immobilization has been completed. *Only when the patient is fully immobilized and secured to the backboard can the EMT who is manually holding the​ patient's cervical spine let go.

Patients who have had a successful kidney​ transplant: -will be on medicines to suppress immune function. -will still need dialysis. -will be on medications to stimulate the immune system. -will have two kidneys from different donors.

-will be on medicines to suppress immune function. *Transplant patients will be on immunosuppressive drugs to reduce the risk of rejection.

A patient with an ectopic​ pregnancy: -will be in her third trimester. -will not look pregnant. -will be unwilling to answer questions concerning pregnancy. -will not experience abdominal pain.

-will not look pregnant. *A patient with an ectopic pregnancy will be in her first trimester.

When using the rule of palm to estimate the approximate body surface area burned, the patient's palm equals about what percentage of the body's surface area (BSA)? - 1% - 5% - 3% - 2%

1%

In caring for an amputated​ part, it is important​ to: -wrap the part in sterile gauze and pack it in ice. -wrap the part in sterile gauze and keep it cool. -place the part in ice water. -place the part in milk.

-wrap the part in sterile gauze and keep it cool. *When​ possible, wrap an amputated part in a sterile​ dressing, and secure the dressing with a​ self-adhesive gauze bandage. Wrap or bag the amputated part in a plastic​ bag, and keep it cool by cold packs. Do not immerse the amputated part directly in water or saline. In​ addition, do not let the part come in direct contact with​ ice, or it may freeze.

A newborn has a pink body but blue hands and feet one minute after birth. Which of the following is the CORRECT notation of this​ finding? - "0" for appearance - "1" for appearance - "0" for respiration - ​"1" for respiration

-​ "1" for appearance *Appearance is assessed by looking at the​ newborn's skin color. Good central color with cyanosis of the hands and feet is a score of 1 on a scale from 0 to 2.

Which patient is most likely in acute renal​ failure? - 32-year-old female with polycystic kidney disease - 70-year-old male with multiple medical problems coupled with years of renal insufficiency - 52-year-old male who ingested a toxic dose of aspirin - 57-year-old female with high blood pressure and poorly controlled diabetes

-​ 52-year-old male who ingested a toxic dose of aspirin *Patients who​ shock, toxic​ ingestions, or severe dehydration may suffer from acute renal failure. Aspirin overdose may cause acute renal failure. Chronic renal failure is the result of kidney failure without recovery or due to a combination of genetic conditions such as polycystic kidney disease or poorly controlled medical diseases.

You are on scene with a​ 64-year-old female who appears to have a dialysis shunt on her arm. Based on this​ finding, you know that the patient​ has: - diabetes. - polycystic kidney disease. - acute renal insufficiency. - end-stage renal disease.

-​ end-stage renal disease. *Patients in end stage renal failure have lost the ability to filter blood and remove toxins by way of the kidneys. These patients have​ end-stage renal disease and require some form of dialysis to perform the work of the kidneys.

You are caring for an injured child. The​ child's parent asks​ you, "Will she be​ okay?" What should you tell the​ parent? -"The next hour is​ critical." -"I'm not allowed to​ say." -"Of course she will​ be." -"We are doing everything we can for​ her."

-​"We are doing everything we can for​ her." *Reassure the parent that you are doing everything that can be done.

Which of the following statements regarding​ drug-drug interactions is​ FALSE? -Drug-drug interactions are limited to just prescription drugs. -Patients sometimes forget to tell the doctor or pharmacist about the other medications they are taking. -The likelihood of a​ drug-drug interaction increases when a patient goes to different doctors for different problems and fills prescriptions at different pharmacies. -When two drugs​ interact, there are two​ possibilities: one may block or reduce the effect of the​ other, or one may increase the effect of the other.

-​Drug-drug interactions are limited to just prescription drugs. *​Drug-drug interactions are not limited to just prescription drugs. Prescription medications can have serious interactions with​ over-the-counter drugs, nutrient or herbal​ preparations, and even food. For​ example, grapefruit juice can increase the effects of certain cardiac medications.

What is NOT an important feature for an elderly​ patient's shower to​ have? -Glassed-in enclosure -Handrails -A place for comfortable sitting -A nonslip surface

-​Glassed-in enclosure *A​ walk-in tub or shower that allows comfortable​ seating, has a nonslip​ surface, and uses handrails is safest. It is not important that the enclosure be glassed in.

After​ you've opened the airway of a patient who has inhaled​ poison, the single MOST important treatment you could administer​ is: -dilution. -naloxone. -high-concentration oxygen. -activated charcoal.

-​high-concentration oxygen. *After​ you've opened the airway of a patient who has inhaled​ poison, the single MOST important treatment you could administer is​ high-concentration oxygen.

The recommended single dosage of epinephrine for an infant or child with a severe allergic reaction is how many​ milligrams? - 1.50 mg - 0.30 mg - 0.15 mg - 0.03 mg

0.15 mg

At which of the following intervals should you assess an APGAR score on a​ newborn? - Every 5 minutes for an unstable newborn and every 15 minutes for a stable infant - 5 minutes and 10 minutes after birth - 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth - 1 minute after birth and every 5 minutes thereafter

1 minute and 5 minutes after birth

It can sometimes be difficult to determine whether someone who is showing unusual behavior is having a psychological emergency or is showing an altered level of consciousness due to a physical issue. Which of the following statements are true? 1. Consider patients who are exhibiting crisis or unusual behavior to be having an altered mental status from a nonpsychiatric cause until proven otherwise. 2. Many medical and traumatic conditions are likely to alter a patient's behavior. 3. Lack of oxygen may cause restlessness and confusion, cyanosis (blue or gray skin), and altered mental status. 4. Stroke or inadequate blood to the brain may cause confusion or dizziness and what appears to be erratic behavior. - 1, 2, 3 - 1, 2, 3, 4 - 1, 3, 4 - 1, 2

1, 2, 3, 4

You will frequently be called upon to deal with internal bleeding. Blunt trauma is the leading cause of internal injuries and bleeding. Which of the following are mechanisms of blunt trauma that may cause internal bleeding? 1. Falls 2. Motor vehicle or motorcycle crashes 3. Auto-pedestrian collisions 4. Blast injuries - 1, 2, 3 - 1, 2, 3, 4 - 2, 3 - 1, 4

1, 2, 3, 4

When are the 4 times you as an EMT can pronounce someone dead?

1- an injury not compatible with live 2- rigor mortis 3- 4-

A respiratory rate of less than ________ and greater than ________ in cases of trauma are criteria for immediate transportation to a trauma center according to the CDC physiologic guidelines. - 10; 29 - 5; 45 - 12; 20 - 8; 32

10; 29

A respiratory rate of less than ________ and greater than ________ in cases of trauma are criteria for immediate transportation to a trauma center according to the CDC physiologic guidelines. Selected Answer: 8; 32Answers:8; 325; 45 10; 2912; 20

10; 29

If you are computing a Revised Trauma Score and the​ patient's GCS score is 14 with a respiratory rate of​ 30/min, a blood pressure of 102​ systolic, and a heart rate of​ 104, what is the​ patient's total Revised Trauma​ Score? - 12 - 10 - 11 - 9

11

In using a​ bag-mask device, the proper ventilation rate for a prepubescent child with a pulse​ is: - 24 to 32 times a minute. - 12 to 20 times a minute. - 10 to 12 times a minute. - 40 to 60 times a minute.

12 to 20 times a minute.

A normal heart rate for a newborn​ is: - 80 to 120 beats per minute. - 120 to 160 beats per minute. - 60 to 100 beats per minute. - 160 to 200 beats per minute.

120 to 160 beats per minute.

Which patient would most likely benefit from the administration of activated charcoal? - 45-year-old patient suffering from organophosphate poisoning - 8-year-boy who has a headache from carbon monoxide poisoning - 14-year-old female who overdoses on her grandfather's cardiac medication - 18-year-old patient who is passed out from drinking too much beer

14-year-old female who overdoses on her grandfather's cardiac medication

For which of the following patients should the EMT carefully continue to monitor the patient's ventilatory status throughout treatment and transport due to the greatest risk of respiratory failure? - 34-year-old male who opened the radiator of his car and had hot fluid spray on his chest, resulting in redness and pain in an area about the size of the patient's hand - 28-year-old male who spilled a strong industrial acid on his legs - 17-year-old male with a blistering sunburn on his face - 16-year-old male whose shirt caught on fire, resulting in circumferential burns of his chest

16-year-old male whose shirt caught on fire, resulting in circumferential burns of his chest

Two vehicles have collided just around a curve in the highway. The posted speed limit is 40 mph. Where should the first cone or flare be placed in this​ situation? - On the opposite side of the road from the crashed vehicles - 165 feet before the curve - Around the curve 165 feet past the most forward crashed vehicle - 40 feet before the curve

165 feet before the curve

Your patient has burns to the entire right arm and the anterior chest. What is the estimated surface area​ involved? - 13.5 percent - 16 percent - 9.5 percent - 18 percent

18 percent

According to the rule of nines for infants and young children, the patient's head and neck account for what percentage of the total body surface area? - 13.5% - 18% - 9% - 14%

18%

Your patient is a 40-year-old man who was burned when he spilled gasoline on his pants as he was standing near the pilot light of his hot water heater. He has partial thickness burns from his feet to just above his knees, and circumferentially around both legs. Using the rule of nines, which of the following most accurately represents the extent of body surface area burned? - 18% - 4.5% - 36% - 9%

18%

Stages of labor

1st- Starts with regular contractions and the thinning and gradual dilation of the cervix and ends when the cervix is fully dilated. 2nd- the time from when the baby enters the birth canal until the baby is born. 3rd- begins after the baby is born and lasts until the afterbirth (placenta, umbilical cord, and some tissues from the amniotic sac and the lining of the uterus) is delivered.

The posterior fontanelle is usually completely closed​ by: - 24 months of age. - 2 months of age. - 12 months of age. - 1 month of age.

2 months of age.

Which of the following patients would be considered to be at the greatest risk for suicide? - 35-year-old female who has a child with a serious illness - 22-year-old man who has lost his job and is getting divorced - Married, 30-year-old man who has just learned that his employer is transferring him to a different state - 44-year-old woman who has just recovered from a serious illness

22-year-old man who has lost his job and is getting divorced

Which of the following patients would be considered to be at the greatest risk for suicide? - 35-year-old female who has a child with a serious illness - 22-year-old man who has lost his job and is getting divorced - 44-year-old woman who has just recovered from a serious illness - Married, 30-year-old man who has just learned that his employer is transferring him to a different state

22-year-old man who has lost his job and is getting divorced

You respond to a major automobile collision involving multiple patients. Which of the following patients would receive Priority 1 transport? - 25-year-old with abdominal bruising and signs of shock - 68-year-old with mild respiratory distress and seat belt burns - 45-year-old with no vital signs - 6-year-old with lower leg fracture and normal vital signs

25-year-old with abdominal bruising and signs of shock

A patient-carrying device should have at least ________ straps to hold the patient securely. - 5 - 2 - 3 - 1

3

Assuming your protocol allows the administration of nitroglycerin when certain conditions exist, what is the maximum number of tablets to be administered in the prehospital setting? - 1 - 3 - 4 - 2

3

The possible numerical range for the Glasgow Coma Scale​ is: - 3 to 10. - 0 to 15. - 3 to 15. - 0 to 10.

3 to 15.

Which of the following patients has the greatest likelihood of being cared for in a burn center? - 45-year-old man who has a full thickness burn about 3 inches long by 1/2 inch wide on his posterior arm from backing into a barbecue grill - 16-year-old female who came into contact with a motorcycle exhaust pipe and has a full thickness burn on her leg about 2 inches in diameter - 30-year-old woman who has deep partial thickness burns on her hand and arm as a result of spilling hot cooking oil on herself - 12-year-old male with a superficial partial thickness burn involving his forearm as a result of making a torch by lighting aerosol from a can of hairspray

30-year-old woman who has deep partial thickness burns on her hand and arm as a result of spilling hot cooking oil on herself

Obesity is defined as a body mass index greater than: - 40. - 25. - 35. - 30.

30.

For the Revised Trauma​ Score, up to how many points are assigned to each element of the​ RTS? - 12 - 15 - 4 - 8

4

What is the typical duration of​ pregnancy? - 36 weeks - 44 weeks - 32 weeks - 40 weeks

40 weeks

Approximately how many Americans are currently on some type of dialysis? - 50,000 - 200,000 - 100,000 - 400,000

400,000

Which patient is experiencing visceral pain? - 24-year-old male complaining of severe left flank pain - 45-year-old female complaining of abdominal pain "all over" - 19-year-old female complaining of severe cramps in the lower abdominal quadrants - 28-year-old male with rebound tenderness

45-year-old female complaining of abdominal pain "all over"

Which patient is experiencing visceral pain? -28-year-old male with rebound tenderness -24-year-old male complaining of severe left flank pain -19-year-old female complaining of severe cramps in the lower abdominal quadrants -45-year-old female complaining of abdominal pain "all over"

45-year-old female complaining of abdominal pain "all over"

Which patient is experiencing visceral pain? -28-year-old male with rebound tenderness -45-year-old female complaining of abdominal pain "all over" -19-year-old female complaining of severe cramps in the lower abdominal quadrants -24-year-old male complaining of severe left flank pain

45-year-old female complaining of abdominal pain "all over"

Which patient is in the initial stages of​ shock? - 45-year-old motor vehicle crash victim with​ pale, cool, skin and tachycardia - 52-year-old assault victim with bilaterally dilated pupils and cyanosis - 36-year-old fall victim with absent peripheral pulses - 16-year-old female with a possible traumatic brain injury presenting with altered mental status and low blood pressure

45-year-old motor vehicle crash victim with​ pale, cool, skin and tachycardia

Safety studies have shown that drivers of other vehicles do not usually see or hear ambulances or other emergency vehicles until they are within ________ feet of it. - 50 to 100 - 100 to 150 - 200 to 250 - 150 to 200

50 to 100

Your patient responds to painful stimulus with decorticate posturing​ (arms bent to his​ chest, fists​ clenched, and legs straight​ out), his eyes do not open to​ pain, and he makes incomprehensible sounds when you pinch him. What score would you give him on the Glasgow Coma​ Scale? - 3 - 4 - 6 - 5

6

How many cervical vertebrae are there? - 7 - 12 - 5 - 4

7

When submerged in water, biological death may be delayed if the water temperature is below ________°F. Selected Answer: 70Answers: 7098.63250

70

You are on the scene of a church bus roll-over collision. There are 30 passengers involved. As triage officer, which one of the following patients should you assign the highest priority? Selected Answer: 70-year-old woman who is awake but having difficulty breathing and has absent lung sounds on the right sideAnswers:30-year-old man with multiple lower extremity fractures who is awake, has a strong radial pulse, and is complaining of severe pain 70-year-old woman who is awake but having difficulty breathing and has absent lung sounds on the right sideUnresponsive 9-year-old male with an open skull fracture who is in cardiac arrest35-year-old pregnant woman with a cut on her head, neck pain, and numbness and tingling in her arms

70-year-old woman who is awake but having difficulty breathing and has absent lung sounds on the right side

Approximately what percentage of United States dialysis patients treat themselves at home? - 50% - 25% - 8% - 16%

8%

Which of the following blood glucose levels is considered normal for an adult? -180 mg/dL -80 mg/dL -40 mg/dL -150 mg/dL

80 mg/dL

Which of the following BEST demonstrates a cultural difference that explains apparently unusual​ behavior? -A Filipino patient is agitated and rushes back and forth insisting he is a sun god. -A Venezuelan patient seems cold and is shivering even though the room temperature is warm. -A Saudi Arabian patient is​ confused, doesn't seem to be able to focus her gaze on​ you, and laughs inappropriately. -A Japanese patient accepts the news that he is dying with no apparent emotion.

A Japanese patient accepts the news that he is dying with no apparent emotion.

Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)

A battery-powered mechanical pump implanted in the body to assist a failing left ventricle in pumping blood to the body.

Pulmonary embolism

A blockage in the blood circulation of the lung caused by a blood clot or air bubble.

Which of the following defines​ obesity? - More than​ 10% above ideal body weight - 100 pounds or more above ideal body weight - At least​ 25% above average weight for height - A body mass index of 30 or greater

A body mass index of 30 or greater

Contusion

A bruise.

Air embolism

A bubble of air in the bloodstream.

Pressure dressing

A bulky dressing held in position with a tightly wrapped bandage, which applies pressure to help control bleeding.

Universal dressing

A bulky dressing.

Full thickness burn

A burn in which all the layers of the skin are damaged. There are usually areas that are charred black or areas that are dry and white. AKA third-degree burn.

Partial thickness burn

A burn in which the first layer of skin (epidermis) is burned through and the dermis (second layer) is damaged. Burns of this type cause reddening, blistering, and a mottled appearance. AKS second-degree burn.

Superficial burn

A burn that involves only the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. It is characterized by reddening of the skin and perhaps some swelling. An example is a sunburn. AKA first-degree burn.

Central IV catheter

A catheter surgically inserted for long-term delivery of medications or fluids into the central circulation.

Decontamination

A chemical and/or physical process that reduces or prevents the spread of contamination from persons or equipment; the removal of hazardous substances from employees and their equipment to the extent necessary to preclude foreseeable health effects.

Why would a chemical incident create thermal​ harm? -A chemical reaction produces heat. -A chemical reaction depletes oxygen. -A chemical reaction weakens the elements of a structure. -A chemical reaction produces a corrosive effect.

A chemical reaction produces heat.

Which of the following patients will show the effects of a heat or cold emergency sooner than most other​ patients? -A patient with a history of hypertension -A chronically ill patient -A patient who is 35 years of age -A patient who works outdoors regularly

A chronically ill patient

Narcotics

A class of drugs that affect the nervous system and change many normal body activities. Their legal use is for the relief of pain. Illicit use is to produce an intense state of relaxation.

Preeclampsia

A complication of pregnancy in which the woman retains large amounts of fluid and has hypertension. She may also experience seizures and/or coma during birth, which is very dangerous to the infant.

Placenta previa

A condition in which the placenta is formed in an abnormal location (low in the uterus and close to or over the cervical opening) that will not allow for a normal delivery of the fetus; a cause of excessive prebirth bleeding.

Abruptio placentae

A condition in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall; a cause of prebirth bleeding.

Obesity

A condition of having too much body fat, defined as a body mass index of 30 or greater.

Decompression sickness

A condition resulting from nitrogen trapped in the body's tissues, caused by coming up too quickly from a deep, prolonged dive. A symptom of decompression sickness is "the bends," or deep pain in the muscles and joints.

Laceration

A cut.

Your multisystem trauma patient also has a burn injury. Which of the following destinations is​ recommended? -A burn center -The closest hospital -A designated trauma center -An urgent care center

A designated trauma center

Which of the following assessment findings in a​ head-injured patient MOST likely suggests a worsening​ condition? -A reduction of a pulse rate from 110 to 80 -A deteriorating level of consciousness -Blood pressure of​ 120/84 with a pulse of 68 and respirations of 18 -Complaints of a headache

A deteriorating level of consciousness

Neurogenic shock

A state of shock (hypoperfusion) caused by nerve paralysis that sometimes develops from spinal cord injuries.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and​ Prevention, which of the following statements regarding developmental disability is​ TRUE? -A developmental disability is always a mental impairment. -A developmental disability begins after the age of 22. -A developmental disability causes significant impairment of a​ person's major life activities. -A developmental disability is an acute condition.

A developmental disability causes significant impairment of a​ person's major life activities.

Pacemaker

A device implanted under the skin with wires implanted into the heart to modify the heart rate as needed to maintain an adequate heart rate.

Ventilator

A device that breathes for the patient.

Tourniquet

A device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an extremity.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

A device worn by a patient that blows oxygen or air under constant low pressure through a tube and mask to keep airway passages from collapsing at the end of a breath.

Which of the following statements regarding a disaster plan is​ FALSE? -A disaster plan should be written to address any conceivable incident. -A disaster plan should be​ well-publicized. -A disaster plan should be realistic. -A disaster plan should be rehearsed.

A disaster plan should be written to address any conceivable incident.

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

A distinct pattern of breathing characterized by quickening and deepening respirations followed by a period of apnea.

Urinary Catheter

A drainage tube placed into the urinary system to allow the flow of urine out of the body.

Pressure dressing

A dressing applied tightly to control bleeding.

Which of the following physiological events generally indicates the onset of decompensated​ shock? -A drop in the​ patient's blood pressure -An increase in heart rate -An increase in breathing rate -Pale, cool, and clammy skin

A drop in the​ patient's blood pressure

Which of the following descriptions characterizes an ectopic​ pregnancy? -The fetus presents in the birth canal feet​ down, rather than head down. -A pregnancy that continues past the expected due date -A fertilized ovum is implanted outside the uterine cavity and begins to develop into an embryo. -A​ "hidden" pregnancy, that​ is, one that is not discovered until the mother goes into labor.

A fertilized ovum is implanted outside the uterine cavity and begins to develop into an embryo.

Comminuted fracture

A fracture in which the bone is broken in several places.

Crepitus

A grating sensation or sound made when fractured bone ends rub together.

What is continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis? -A type of dialysis that is performed while walking -A gravity exchange process for peritoneal dialysis in which a bag of dialysis fluid is lowered below the level of an abdominal catheter to fill the abdominal cavity and raised above the level of the abdominal catheter to drain the fluid out -A mechanical process for peritoneal dialysis in which a machine fills and empties the abdominal cavity of dialysis solution -A gravity exchange process for peritoneal dialysis in which a bag of dialysis fluid is raised above the level of an abdominal catheter to fill the abdominal cavity and lowered below the level of the abdominal catheter to drain the fluid out

A gravity exchange process for peritoneal dialysis in which a bag of dialysis fluid is raised above the level of an abdominal catheter to fill the abdominal cavity and lowered below the level of the abdominal catheter to drain the fluid out

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)

A gravity exchange process for peritoneal dialysis in which a bag of dialysis fluid is raised above the level of an abdominal catheter to fill the abdominal cavity and lowered below the level of the abdominal catheter to drain the fluid out.

You respond to the scene of a​ 22-year-old male who was squatting​ "heavy weights" when he experiences sudden and severe lower midabdominal pain. While assessing the​ patient, he denies any radiating​ pain, stating that most of his pain​ "is near his​ groin." Based on these​ findings, what is the patient MOST likely​ suffering? -A hernia -An abdominal evisceration -GI bleeding -Appendicitis

A hernia

Epinephrine

A hormone produced by the body. As a medication, it constricts blood vessels and dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions.

How would you define anemia? -The process by which toxins and excess fluid are removed from the body by a medical system independent of the kidneys -A lack of a normal number of red blood cells in the circulation -The loss of the kidneys' ability to filter the blood and remove toxins and excess fluid from the body -An inherited disease in which a genetic defect in the hemoglobin results in abnormal structure of the red blood cells

A lack of a normal number of red blood cells in the circulation

Parietal pain

A localized, intense pain that arises from the parietal peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity.

Which of the following is MOST likely to cause cardiogenic​ shock? -Taking too much nitroglycerin for chest pain -A drug that induces widespread vascular dilation -A massive MI that impairs the pump function of the heart -A massive pulmonary embolus

A massive MI that impairs the pump function of the heart

Surge capacity

A measurable representation of ability to manage a sudden influx of patients. It is dependent on a well functioning incident management system and the variables of space, supplies, staff, and any special considerations (contaminated or contagious patients, for example). (Source: ACEP, 2011).

Continuous Cycler-Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis (CCPD)

A mechanical process for peritoneal dialysis in which a machine fills and empties the abdominal cavity of dialysis solution.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about a compression​ injury? -A mechanism of injury involving a compression injury is a driver striking his chest on a steering column. -A compression injury may only involve mild contusions to the chest and no other trauma. -In a compression​ injury, bullets,​ knives, pieces of metal or​ glass, steel​ rods, pipes, and various other objects can penetrate the chest wall. -A compression injury may involve massive damage to the chest wall but typically no internal injuries.

A mechanism of injury involving a compression injury is a driver striking his chest on a steering column.

Rule of Palm

A method for estimating the extent of a burn. The palm of the patient's own hand, which equals about 1% of the body's surface area, is compared with the patient's burn to estimate its size.

Neonate

A newly born infant or an infant less than one month old.

Which of the following should make you suspect a possible terrorism​ event? -A multivehicle crash -A nontrauma​ mass-casualty incident -A plane crash -Multiple environmental emergencies at a concert event

A nontrauma​ mass-casualty incident

A CBRNE agent might be involved in which of the following​ incidents? -An old and weakened building collapses. -A roadway becomes pitted and cracked from weather. -A parked vehicle explodes. -A building receives structural damage during a storm.

A parked vehicle explodes.

Ataxic respirations

A pattern of irregular and unpredictable breathing commonly caused by brain injury.

Central neurogenic hyperventilation

A pattern of rapid and deep breathing caused by injury to the brain.

Which person is MOST likely in a behavioral​ emergency? -A person is screaming at someone who just stole his wallet. -A person on a rollercoaster going into its first plunge is screaming. -A person is screaming at someone who just hit him with his bicycle and knocked him down. -A person is holding a balloon in a park and screaming.

A person is holding a balloon in a park and screaming.

Disability

A physical, emotional, behavioral, or cognitive condition that interferes with a person's ability to carry out everyday tasks, such as working or caring for oneself.

If a standard medically approved occlusive dressing is not​ available, what material might be effective in treating an open neck​ wound? -Aluminum foil -Elastic wrap​ (Example: an Ace​ bandage) -A​ water- or​ saline-soaked 4×4 gauze pad -A piece of heavy plastic that is at least two inches larger in diameter than the wound

A piece of heavy plastic that is at least two inches larger in diameter than the wound

Toxin

A poisonous substance secreted by bacteria, plants, or animals

Visceral pain

A poorly localized, dull, or diffuse pain that arises from the abdominal organs, or viscera.

Disaster plan

A predefined set of instructions for a community's emergency responders.

Which of the following patients would MOST likely be triaged to a trauma​ center? -A trauma patient with tachycardia and tachypnea with hypertension -A pregnant multisystem trauma patient -A trauma patient with a long bone fracture -A patient who was injured in a motorcycle accident

A pregnant multisystem trauma patient

Which of the following most likely indicates respiratory failure in a pediatric​ patient? -A pulse of 190 beats per minute -An irregular pulse -A bounding pulse -A pulse of 40 beats per minute

A pulse of 40 beats per minute

Abrasion

A scratch or scrape.

Eclampsia

A severe complication of pregnancy that produces seizures and coma.

Anaphylaxis

A severe of life-threatening allergic reaction in which the blood vessels dilate, causing a drop in blood pressure, and the tissues lining the respiratory system swell, interfering with the airway. AKA Anaphylactic Shock.

Delirium Tremens (DT)

A severe reaction that can be part of alcohol withdrawl, characterized by sweating, trembling, anxiety, and hallucinations. Severe alcohol withdrawal with the DT's can lead to death if untreated.

Traction splint

A splint that applies constant pull along the length of a lower extremity to help stabilize the fractured bone and to reduce muscle spasm in the limb. Traction splints are used primarily on femoral shaft fractures.

What is the definition of multiple trauma? Selected Answer: A trauma in which the patient has more than one serious injury.Answers: A trauma in which the patient has more than one serious injury.A trauma in which there are multiple casualties.Multiple injuries that affect more than one body system.A trauma that requires the response of multiple agencies.

A trauma in which the patient has more than one serious injury.

Urinary catheter

A tube inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine from the bladder.

Feeding tube

A tube used to provide delivery of nutrients to the stomach. A nasogastric feeding tube is inserted through the nose and into the stomach; a gastric feeding tube is surgically implanted through the abdominal wall and into the stomach.

Tension Pneumothorax

A type of pneumothorax in which air that enters the chest cavity is prevented from escaping.

Thrill

A vibration felt on gentle palpation, such as that which typically occurs within an arterial-venous fistula.

Which of the following settings should MOST make the EMT consider the likelihood of a hazardous materials​ incident? -An apartment -A warehouse -A residential house -A car

A warehouse

Which of the following is placed under the skin and functions similarly to an​ AED? -External defibrillator -Shunt -CPAP device -AICD

AICD

To assess skin temperature for a possibly hypothermic patient, the EMT should place the back of his hand against which part of the patient's body? Selected Answer: AbdomenAnswers: AbdomenCheekForeheadInner wrist

Abdomen

What type of injury is LEAST likely in a pediatric patient who falls 5​ feet? -Extremities -Head -Upper neck -Abdominal

Abdominal

You arrive on the scene to find an approximately 60-year-old male patient writhing on the floor. He is complaining of a tearing pain radiating to his lower back. He has absent femoral pulses and has a pulsatile mass just superior to his umbilicus. You suspect which of the following conditions? -Abdominal aortic aneurysm -Acute pancreatitis -Ruptured appendix -Myocardial infarction

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

You arrive on the scene to find an approximately 60-year-old male patient writhing on the floor. He is complaining of a tearing pain radiating to his lower back. He has absent femoral pulses and has a pulsatile mass just superior to his umbilicus. You suspect which of the following conditions? -Ruptured appendix -Acute pancreatitis -Myocardial infarction -Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Zoonotic

Able to move through the animal-human barrier; transmissible from animals to humans.

Which of the following is a sign of severe​ hypothermia? -Tachypnea -Tachycardia -Absence of shivering -Shivering

Absence of shivering

By what route does nitroglycerin spray enter the body? -Absorption -Injection -Inhalation -Ingestion

Absorption

By what route does nitroglycerin spray enter the body? -Ingestion -Injection -Absorption -Inhalation

Absorption

When a substance enters the body through unbroken skin, it has entered the body by which of the following routes? -Injection -Absorption -Consumption -Ingestion

Absorption

Which of the following medications does NOT interfere with the blood-clotting process? -Warfarin -Acetaminophen -Aspirin -Clopidogrel

Acetaminophen

Which of the following communication strategies should be used in dealing with a patient with a behavioral emergency? -Interrupt the patient if he appears to be going off on a tangent about something not concerning the immediate situation. -Show deep sympathy for the patient's predicament and let him know he can't control the things that are happening to him. -Acknowledge the patient's feelings -Stay 2 to 3 inches from the patient at all times to make him feel secure.

Acknowledge the patient's feelings

Which of the following is a trade name for activated charcoal? -Mesquite -Charcoal -Actifed -Actidose

Actidose

Why would an EMT give activated charcoal to a patient who overdosed on the medication Soma? -Activated charcoal coats the intestinal tract, preventing absorption by the body. -Activated charcoal is the antidote to Soma poisoning. -Activated charcoal prevents the patient from vomiting. -Activated charcoal binds to the Soma, preventing absorption by the body.

Activated charcoal binds to the Soma, preventing absorption by the body.

Why would an EMT give activated charcoal to a patient who overdosed on the medication Soma? -Activated charcoal is the antidote to Soma poisoning. -Activated charcoal coats the intestinal tract, preventing absorption by the body. -Activated charcoal prevents the patient from vomiting. -Activated charcoal binds to the Soma, preventing absorption by the body.

Activated charcoal binds to the Soma, preventing absorption by the body.

You are on scene with a​ 47-year-old female patient complaining of​ "stomach pain" but who tells you that she thinks​ she's having a​ "heart attack." She states she has a history of​ "gall stones, high blood​ pressure, and kidney​ stones." What assessment finding would lead you to believe that the patient may be suffering a myocardial​ infarction? -Non-radiating right lower quadrant pain -Right upper quadrant pain unrelieved by position -Flank pain radiating to anterior mid abdomen -Acute epigastric pain

Acute epigastric pain

You are dispatched to a sick call. The patient was just extricated from a bathtub where he was trapped under the shower door for 2 weeks. This 72-year-old male had limited access to water from the bathtub faucet. The patient is complaining of disorientation, nausea, and vomiting. What do you think is the underlying cause for the illness? -End-stage renal disease -Chronic renal failure -Gastrointestinal infection -Acute renal failure

Acute renal failure

Which of the following is NOT part of the treatment for a 15-year-old female who has swallowed drain cleaner? -Maintain the airway. -Administer milk or water. -Call medical control. -Administer activated charcoal.

Administer activated charcoal.

What is the most important treatment for a patient who has inhaled a poison? -Administer activated charcoal. -Administer epinephrine via auto-injector. -Administer high-concentration oxygen. -Administer the correct antidote.

Administer high-concentration oxygen.

What is the most important treatment for a patient who has inhaled a poison? -Administer the correct antidote. -Administer activated charcoal. -Administer high-concentration oxygen. -Administer epinephrine via auto-injector.

Administer high-concentration oxygen.

What is the most important treatment for a patient who has inhaled a poison? -Administer the correct antidote. -Administer high-concentration oxygen. -Administer activated charcoal. -Administer epinephrine via auto-injector.

Administer high-concentration oxygen.

You are called to a residence for a 50-year-old male complaining of difficulty breathing. He is alert and oriented to time, place, and person. The patient presents with hives over the chest, stridor, a swollen tongue, and wheezing in the upper fields. He is breathing 32 times per minute. He is speaking in two- to three-word sentences. What is the best treatment for the patient? -Oxygen at 15 liters per minute by nonrebreather mask -Rapid transport to the nearest facility -Administering epinephrine with consent from medical control -Oxygen at 15 liters per minute by bag-valve mask

Administering epinephrine with consent from medical control

You are called to a residence for a 50-year-old male complaining of difficulty breathing. He is alert and oriented to time, place, and person. The patient presents with hives over the chest, stridor, a swollen tongue, and wheezing in the upper fields. He is breathing 32 times per minute. He is speaking in two- to three-word sentences. What is the best treatment for the patient? -Rapid transport to the nearest facility -Oxygen at 15 liters per minute by nonrebreather mask -Administering epinephrine with consent from medical control -Oxygen at 15 liters per minute by bag-valve mask

Administering epinephrine with consent from medical control

Which of the following actions is the MOST important treatment for a patient suffering from inhaled​ poisoning? -Administer​ high-concentration oxygen as soon as it is safely possible to do so. -Identify the specific poison the patient was exposed to and ensure all​ bottles, containers, or appropriate labels are transported with the patient. -Perform a secondary assessment with vital signs. -Transport the patient via emergency traffic to the nearest appropriate facility.

Administer​ high-concentration oxygen as soon as it is safely possible to do so.

Which age group is most heavily influenced by their peers and what their peers​ think? -Infants -Adolescents -Toddlers -School age

Adolescents

When a poison attaches to the chemical structure of activated charcoal, which of the following BEST describes this mechanism of action? -Adsorption -Absorption -Incorporation -Inactivation

Adsorption

Which of the following is NOT an example of a specialty rescue team? Selected Answer: Advanced cardiac life supportAnswers:Confined space Advanced cardiac life supportHigh angle rescueWater rescue

Advanced cardiac life support

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of hypoperfusion? -Cells are not supplied with nutrients. -Aerobic metabolism will continue in the cell. -Cells are not supplied with oxygen. -Cellular waste products are not removed.

Aerobic metabolism will continue in the cell.

________ patients are at high risk for acquiring the inherited disorder called sickle cell anemia. -Native American -Eastern European -African American -Hispanic

African American

Temporal bone

Bone that forms part of the side of the skull and floor of the cranial cavity. There are right and left temporal bones.

Neurotransmitters are chemicals within the body that transmit the message from the distal end of one neuron (presynaptic neuron) to the proximal end of the next neuron (postsynaptic neuron). While it sounds like a complicated process, it takes only milliseconds. Which one of the following sentences is false? -The receptors on the postsynaptic neuron receive the neurotransmitter. -Neurotransmitters are released from a neuron, then travel across the synapse to the next neuron. -After the impulse is transmitted, the neurotransmitter goes through a process called reuptake, in which the neurotransmitter is returned to the postsynaptic neuron. -This is the mechanism by which the impulse is moved along the nervous system.

After the impulse is transmitted, the neurotransmitter goes through a process called reuptake, in which the neurotransmitter is returned to the postsynaptic neuron.

You have transported a patient to the emergency department and are in the process of cleaning the ambulance while your partner is completing all required paperwork. At what point is the final phase of an ambulance call complete? -As soon as you get back to the station and notify your dispatch center you are in quarters -As soon as your partner completes the patient care report and you are restocking the supplies used during the call -After your partner completes all required paperwork and you have the ambulance completely cleaned and restocked -As soon as you put the stretcher back in the ambulance with a clean sheet and you notify your dispatch center you are available

After your partner completes all required paperwork and you have the ambulance completely cleaned and restocked

You are called to the residence of a 78-year-old widow who lives alone with no children. She was found by neighbors on the floor of the living room. She has fallen and fractured her left humerus. She is disoriented and responds to verbal stimuli only. She has a blood pressure of 78/40 and a pulse of 48. She has a history of high blood pressure and takes medication for it. She also takes medication for high cholesterol and a medication to slow down a fast heart rate. Emergency Medical Responders find the medication bottles in the medicine cabinet and they are empty. Your partner suspects that she accidentally overdosed on her medications. Do you agree or disagree? -Agree. It is obvious that the broken arm is causing the decreased heart rate. -Agree. The vital signs agree with this hypothesis. -Disagree. The vital signs indicate that she has not taken her medication in several days. -Disagree. The patient's vital signs are related to her broken arm.

Agree. The vital signs agree with this hypothesis.

You are called to the residence of a 78-year-old widow who lives alone with no children. She was found by neighbors on the floor of the living room. She has fallen and fractured her left humerus. She is disoriented and responds to verbal stimuli only. She has a blood pressure of 78/40 and a pulse of 48. She has a history of high blood pressure and takes medication for it. She also takes medication for high cholesterol and a medication to slow down a fast heart rate. Emergency Medical Responders find the medication bottles in the medicine cabinet and they are empty. Your partner suspects that she accidentally overdosed on her medications. Do you agree or disagree? -Disagree. The vital signs indicate that she has not taken her medication in several days. -Agree. The vital signs agree with this hypothesis. -Disagree. The patient's vital signs are related to her broken arm. -Agree. It is obvious that the broken arm is causing the decreased heart rate.

Agree. The vital signs agree with this hypothesis.

On arrival at a vehicle collision, you observe a small fire in the engine compartment. A bystander is attempting to smother the fire with a jacket as you approach with an A-B-C extinguisher from your ambulance. Which of the following is the BEST method of extinguishing the fire? Selected Answer: Aim at the base of the fire and use short bursts until the fire is out.Answers:Aim the nozzle to the side of the fire and, with a sweeping motion, push the fire at its base.Sweep the nozzle of the extinguisher left and right using short bursts until you are out of extinguishing agent.Close the hood to contain the fire within the engine compartment. Aim at the base of the fire and use short bursts until the fire is out.

Aim at the base of the fire and use short bursts until the fire is out.

Pneumothorax

Air in the chest cavity.

While assessing a patient with partial thickness burns to his chest and neck, what should be your highest priority (even if there are no symptoms presently)? -Airway -Bleeding -Blood pressure -Hypothermia

Airway

While assessing a patient with partial thickness burns to his chest and neck, what should be your highest priority (even if there are no symptoms presently)? -Blood pressure -Airway -Bleeding -Hypothermia

Airway

Which patient would MOST likely benefit from the administration of activated charcoal? - Unresponsive 28-year-old female who overdosed on sleeping pills - 48-year-old man who attempted suicide by drinking Drano® - Alert 16-year-old female who overdosed on Tylenol® - 28-year-old male who is suffering from food poisoning after eating eggs contaminated with salmonella

Alert 16-year-old female who overdosed on Tylenol®

Which of the following is part of the appearance component of the Pediatric Assessment​ Triangle? -Jaundice -Skin color -Alertness and verbal response -Pupils

Alertness and verbal response

A terrorist incident may have features in common with which of the following types of incidents? Selected Answer: All of theseAnswers:Infectious diseaseMass casualtyHazardous materials All of these

All of these

Anthrax can infect an individual through which of the following routes of exposure? Selected Answer: All of theseAnswers:InhalationSkinIngestion All of these

All of these

Carbon monoxide poisoning should be suspected when a patient has n in an enclosed area and has which of the following signs and/or symptoms? -Headache, dizziness, and nausea -Flu-like symptoms -Vomiting and altered mental status -All of these

All of these

During a power failure, how should the EMT verify adequate ventilations are being administered to an unresponsive patient with a tracheostomy tube using a bag-valve mask? -Observe for improving skin color. -Ensure a good connection between the bag-valve mask and the tracheostomy tube. -Observe for chest rise and fall. -All of these

All of these

In which of the following settings should the EMT be alert to the possibility of hazardous materials emergencies? Selected Answer: All of theseAnswers:Manufacturing industriesFarm service agenciesShipping ports All of these

All of these

In which of the following situations should the mother be transported immediately? Selected Answer: All of theseAnswers:The mother experiences a severe, tearing sensation in her abdomen during labor and the outline of the fetus can be felt through the abdominal wall.The infant's arm is the presenting part.Delivery is not imminent and there is about 500 cc of painless, bright red bleeding. All of these

All of these

The kidney's major function(s) include(s): -maintaining blood volume. -balancing electrolytes. -excreting urea. -All of these

All of these

When documenting the administration of an epinephrine auto-injector, which of the following should be included? -Patient's response to the medication -Site of medication administration -Time the medication was administered -All of these

All of these

Which of the following circumstances may result in hypoperfusion? -There is external bleeding. -Blood vessels are dilated. -The heart is damaged. -All of these

All of these

Which of the following conditions can mimic the signs of alcohol intoxication? -Epilepsy -Head injuries -Diabetes -All of these

All of these

Which of the following effects may occur due to chronic abuse of alcohol? -Abnormal blood sugar levels -Poor nutrition -Potential for gastrointestinal bleeding -All of these

All of these

Which of the following factors suggest that a patient is at risk for suicide? -Recent emotional trauma -Sudden improvement in depression -Alcohol and drug abuse -All of these

All of these

Which of the following injuries requires the use of an occlusive dressing? -Open wound to the chest -Open wound to the neck -Open wound to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding -All of these

All of these

Which of the following injuries requires the use of an occlusive dressing? -Open wound to the neck -Open wound to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding -Open wound to the chest -All of these

All of these

Which of the following is a cause of gynecological emergencies? -Soft-tissue trauma to the external genitalia -Sexual assault -Disorders of the female reproductive organs -All of these

All of these

Which of the following is a complication of bone fractures? -Nerve damage -Swelling -Hemorrhage -All of these

All of these

Which of the following is a concern when caring for the patient with abdominal pain? -Shock -Patient comfort -Airway management -All of these

All of these

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of withdrawal from alcohol? -Seizures -Sweating -Hallucinations -All of these

All of these

Which of the following is an advantage of removing the roof of a vehicle that has sustained major damage in a collision? Selected Answer: All of theseAnswers:It makes the entire interior of the vehicle accessible.The EMT can better access the patients.It creates a large exit through which to remove the patient. All of these

All of these

Which of the following is of concern with a puncture wound? -An object that remains impaled in the body -Hidden internal bleeding with minimal external bleeding -Strong possibility of contamination -All of these

All of these

Which of the following is of concern with a puncture wound? -The object that remains impaled in the body -Strong possibility of contamination -Hidden internal bleeding with minimal external bleeding -All of these

All of these

Stillborn

Born dead.

Which of the following may be a clue that an incident is the result of terrorist violence? Selected Answer: All of theseAnswers:Function of the targetNumber of people presentOccurrence on the anniversary of a significant or symbolic historical event All of these

All of these

Which of the following may be a symptom of a problem with the heart? -Mild chest discomfort -Severe, crushing pain in the chest -Nausea, with or without vomiting -All of these

All of these

Which of the following medical conditions may be the underlying cause of an apparent behavioral emergency? -Mental illness -Stroke -Hypoglycemia -All of these

All of these

Which of the following medical conditions may be the underlying cause of an apparent behavioral emergency? -Mental illness -Stroke -Hypoglycemia -All of these

All of these

Which of the following questions may help the EMT assess a patient with abdominal pain? -Do you have any allergies to foods or medicines? -Do you have any medical problems, such as diabetes or heart problems? -What medications are you taking? -All of these

All of these

Which of the following should increase the EMT's suspicion of internal bleeding? -Penetrating trauma to the chest or abdomen -High-speed motor vehicle collision -Fall from a height three or more times the patient's height -All of these

All of these

Concerning attempted suicide, which of the following statements is true? -All suicide attempts must be taken seriously, even if the method seems insincere. -Truly suicidal patients nearly always leave a note. -Attempted suicide is a matter for law enforcement, not EMS. -There is always an indication that a suicide attempt is imminent.

All suicide attempts must be taken seriously, even if the method seems insincere.

Concerning attempted suicide, which of the following statements is true? -Attempted suicide is a matter for law enforcement, not EMS. -All suicide attempts must be taken seriously, even if the method seems insincere. -Truly suicidal patients nearly always leave a note. -There is always an indication that a suicide attempt is imminent.

All suicide attempts must be taken seriously, even if the method seems insincere.

Which of the following statements about electrical burns is​ TRUE? -You should use a wooden broom handle to move a patient away from the electrical source. -Patients who are in cardiac arrest will not respond to defibrillation. -Even if disconnected from the electrical​ source, the patient can still conduct stored electricity. -All tissues between the entrance and exit wounds will potentially be injured.

All tissues between the entrance and exit wounds will potentially be injured.

Which of the following is a general term for a substance to which the body may have an anaphylactic reaction? -Pathogen -Pyrogen -Allergen -Antibody

Allergen

Which of the following is NOT appropriate in caring for a patient with closed soft-tissue injuries and a significant mechanism of injury? -Splint any swollen, deformed extremities. -Allow the patient to have small sips of water. -Treat for shock if you think there are internal injuries even if the patient's vital signs are normal. -Anticipate vomiting.

Allow the patient to have small sips of water.

You are on a stand-by at a local high school football game. One of the football players comes over to the ambulance and complains that his face feels numb and that he has a burning sensation in his fingers. You notice that the patient's cheeks and fingers are bright red. How should you treat the patient? Selected Answer: Allow the patient to warm up inside the ambulance by passive rewarming measures.Answers:Place the patient inside the ambulance and begin active rewarming measures.Tell the patient that his condition is superficial and allow him to return to the game.Warm the affected areas with gentle rubbing. Allow the patient to warm up inside the ambulance by passive rewarming measures.

Allow the patient to warm up inside the ambulance by passive rewarming measures.

In anticipating the potential damage from a radiological​ attack, what penetrating power do alpha particles​ have? -Alpha particles can penetrate multiple layers of clothing. -Alpha particles can penetrate lead. -Alpha particles have little penetrating ability. -Alpha particles can penetrate the skin.

Alpha particles have little penetrating ability.

Which of the following is an acute​ life-threatening complication that may result from habitual alcohol​ abuse? -Alterations in the ability to maintain a regular blood sugar level -Head injuries -Overall deterioration in​ patient's health leading to cirrhosis of the liver -An increase in alcohol tolerance

Alterations in the ability to maintain a regular blood sugar level

Meconium staining

Amniotic fluid that is greenish or brownish-yellow rather than clear as a result of fetal defecation; an indication of possible maternal or fetal distress during labor.

Which patient is MOST exhibiting unacceptable behavior given the​ situation? -A patient with abdominal pain is guarding his stomach. -An alert patient insists on spitting at your face. -A patient experiencing respiratory failure expresses a feeling of impending doom. -A patient in respiratory distress is in the tripod position and grunting.

An alert patient insists on spitting at your face.

Dermatome

An area of the skin that is innervated by a single spinal nerve.

Which of the following statements is​ FALSE? -Black, tarry stools are one indicator of internal bleeding. -An elderly patient complaining of abdominal pain is probably only suffering from indigestion. -One of the most serious causes of abdominal pain in the elderly is an abdominal aortic aneurysm. -Diverticulitis is a condition in which an outpouching of the intestine provides a sac where food can lodge and cause inflammation and infection.

An elderly patient complaining of abdominal pain is probably only suffering from indigestion.

Allergic reaction

An exaggerated immune response.

Which of the following statements BEST describes primary​ triage? -An assessment of the scene for mechanism of injury -An initial determination of the number of patients involved -A process of setting tactical objectives for the MCI -An initial determination of each​ patient's priority for treatment and transport

An initial determination of each​ patient's priority for treatment and transport

Crush injury

An injury caused when force is transmitted from the body's exterior to its internal structures. Bones can be broken; muscles, nerves, and tissues damaged; and internal organs ruptured, causing internal bleeding.

Open wound

An injury in which the skin is interrupted, exposing the tissue beneath.

Closed extremity injury

An injury to an extremity with no associated opening in the skin.

Closed wound

An internal injury with no open pathway from the outside.

Evisceration

An intestine or other internal organ protruding through a wound in the abdomen.

Sucking chest wound

An open chest wound in which air is "sucked" into the chest cavity.

Puncture wound

An open wound that tears through the skin and destroys underlying tissues. A "penetrating puncture wound" can be shallow or deep. A "perforating puncture wound" has both an entrance and an exit wound.

According to coworkers, your 25-year-old female patient suddenly began acting aggressively and being verbally abusive. She tells you she is "starving" and you notice that she is pale and diaphoretic. Which of the following would be an appropriate general impression? -An underlying physical illness -Alcohol withdrawal -Sudden onset of schizophrenia -Alcoholic intoxication

An underlying physical illness

A 35-year-old female has just eaten lobster and is now complaining of itchy, watery eyes. Her blood pressure is beginning to fall, but she denies difficulty breathing. Which of the following best describes her condition? -Anaphylaxis -Shock -Dyspnea -Mild allergy

Anaphylaxis

A 35-year-old female has just eaten lobster and is now complaining of itchy, watery eyes. Her blood pressure is beginning to fall, but she denies difficulty breathing. Which of the following best describes her condition? -Dyspnea -Anaphylaxis -Shock -Mild allergy

Anaphylaxis

What is another name for a severe allergic reaction? -Psychosomatic reaction -Dermatitis -Asthma -Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis

You have responded to a park where you find a 23-year-old female sitting on a bench near a running trail. She states that she has been running for the past 30 minutes, and all of a sudden she cannot catch her breath. She states that this has never happened before and she usually runs 5 miles a day. Your assessment reveals that she is flushed, her pulse is fast and weak, her respirations are fast and she is wheezing, and she has hives on her arms and chest. She is most likely suffering from which of the following? -Hyperventilation syndrome -Heat stroke -Anaphylaxis -Allergic reaction

Anaphylaxis

What does the immune system use to fight off invasion by foreign substances in the​ body? -Allergens -Antibodies -Mucus -Capillaries

Antibodies

Multiple trauma and multisystem trauma patients are situations in which the EMT is expected to perform which of the following? -Respond above and beyond the call of duty. -Anticipate and treat problems with a greater level of complexity than usual. -Practice outside the scope of practice in order to provide the greatest good. -Provide the best quality care possible, including definitive care on-scene.

Anticipate and treat problems with a greater level of complexity than usual.

According to CDC trauma triage​ guidelines, what is or are a special patient or system consideration other than​ age, burns, and​ pregnancy? -Medication use -Belligerent behavior -Anticoagulants and bleeding disorders -Clinical depression

Anticoagulants and bleeding disorders

Which of the following is a substance that will neutralize a poison or its effects? -Deactivator -Antevert -Antidote -Curative

Antidote

Fracture

Any break in a bone.

Occlusive dressing

Any dressing that forms an airtight seal.

Dressing

Any material (preferably sterile) used to cover a wound that will help control bleeding and prevent additional contamination.

Bandage

Any material used to hold a dressing in place.

Multiple-Casualty Incident (MCI)

Any medical or trauma incident involving multiple patients.

Premature infant

Any newborn weighing less that 5 1/2 pounds or born before the 37th week of pregnancy.

Hazardous material

Any substance or material in a form that poses an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce or kept in storage at a warehouse, port, depot, or railroad facility.

Poison

Any substance that can harm the body by altering cell structure or functions.

Which of the following traumatic chest injuries may result in massive, often fatal internal hemorrhage? -Aortic dissection -Cardiac tamponade -Hemopneumothorax -Hemothorax

Aortic dissection

Which of the following refers to difficulty in speaking or understanding speech as a result of a stroke? -Ataxia -Aphasia -Ischemia -Hemiparesis

Aphasia

When assessing the​ neonate, you would use the APGAR score to rate which of the following​ findings? -Aptitude, priority,​ growth, appearance, and respiratory rate -Apnea, pulselessness,​ gap, apoxia, and respiratory arrest -Appearance, pulse,​ grimace, activity, and respiratory effort -Airway, pulse​ oximetry, general​ evaluation, assessment, and resting pulse

Appearance, pulse,​ grimace, activity, and respiratory effort

In a patient with uncontrolled hemorrhage due to a traumatic​ amputation, which of the following interventions is likely to be MOST​ effective? -Elevation of the extremity -Application of direct pressure -Application of pressure points -Application of a tourniquet

Application of a tourniquet

You are treating a​ 43-year-old female who was hunting with a pistol. When she sat down in the​ outhouse, her gun went off and created a large hole in her right​ femur, which is now severely spurting blood. What is the MOST appropriate method of bleeding control for this injury if direct pressure​ fails? -Application of ice on the wound -Looking for a pressure point to apply -Direct pressure and elevation -Application of a tourniquet

Application of a tourniquet

Active rewarming

Application of an external heat source to rewarm the body of a hypothermic patient.

Your patient is a 25-year-old man who picked up an iron skillet with a very hot handle. He has a reddened area with blisters across the palm of his hand. Which of the following must be avoided in the prehospital management of this wound? -Keeping the site clean -Application of antibiotic ointment -Application of a dry, sterile dressing -Elevation of the wound above the level of the heart

Application of antibiotic ointment

Central rewarming

Application of heat to the lateral chest, neck, armpits, and groin of a hypothermic patient.

Your patient is a 35-year-old female who spilled a cup of hot coffee on herself. She has an area about twice the size of the palm of her hand on her right thigh that is red and painful, but without blisters. When caring for this injury in the prehospital setting, which of the following is appropriate? -Apply a dry sterile dressing. -Apply a plastic bag full of ice to the skin. -Apply an antibiotic ointment. -Apply a lotion containing a topical anesthetic and aloe vera.

Apply a dry sterile dressing.

In caring for a 27-year-old male who has a large laceration on his anterior forearm, you have noticed that your pressure dressing has become saturated with blood. Which of the following should you do next? -Remove the saturated dressings and apply a large trauma dressing. -Apply additional dressing material over the top of the original dressing and bandage it in place. -Apply an ice pack over the original dressing. -Apply a tourniquet.

Apply additional dressing material over the top of the original dressing and bandage it in place.

You are treating a patient who was stabbed in the right side of the anterior chest wall. He has shortness of​ breath, weakness, and rapid breathing. Aside from administering​ oxygen, what is the MOST appropriate treatment for this​ patient? -Bind the ribs together with wide tape. -Apply an occlusive dressing on the chest​ wall, and tape the dressing on three sides. -Tape a bulky gauze dressing to the chest. -Lay the patient in the prone position to minimize chest movement.

Apply an occlusive dressing on the chest​ wall, and tape the dressing on three sides.

Which of the following is acceptable when actively rewarming a hypothermic patient? Selected Answer: Applying humidified oxygenAnswers:Encouraging the patient to exercise Applying humidified oxygenWarming the patient as quickly as possibleGiving coffee or brandy to drink

Applying humidified oxygen

Your patient is a 60-year-old male who is complaining of severe epigastric abdominal pain and difficulty breathing. He is pale, sweaty, and pleads with you, "Don't let me die, I think I'm going to die." Which of the following measures is NOT part of your initial treatment of this patient? -Applying the defibrillator pads to his chest -Determining whether you should assist the patient in taking nitroglycerin -Giving 15 lpm of oxygen by nonrebreather mask -Placing the patient in a position of comfort

Applying the defibrillator pads to his chest

What question should you ask to determine if your female patient is experiencing an ectopic​ pregnancy? -How many times have you been​ pregnant? -Are you sexually​ active? -What form of birth control do you​ use? -Have you ever had a​ miscarriage?

Are you sexually​ active?

Hot zone

Area immediately surrounding a hazmat incident; extends far enough to prevent adverse effects outside the zone.

Warm zone

Area where personnel and equipment decontamination and hot zone support take place; it includes control points for the access corridor and thus assists in reducing the spread of contamination.

Cold zone

Area where the Incident Command post and support functions are located.

At what body temperature does shivering typically​ occur? -Above 101 degrees Fahrenheit -Below 74 degrees Fahrenheit -Around 96 degrees Fahrenheit -Around 79 degrees Fahrenheit

Around 96 degrees Fahrenheit

You respond to a 32-year-old male who fell 20 feet off a ladder. He is responsive to painful stimuli. He has snoring respirations at 20 a minute with decent chest rise and fall. He has a broken femur, a broken wrist, and a lacerated radial artery that is bleeding profusely. Which of these injuries is the highest priority? Selected Answer: Arterial bleedAnswers:Snoring respirationsBroken wristFemur fracture Arterial bleed

Arterial bleed

Which of the following occurs when gases leave a damaged lung in a diving accident and enter the bloodstream? Selected Answer: Arterial gas embolismAnswers:Arterial blood gasesHyperbaric arterial injury Arterial gas embolismArterial thrombosis

Arterial gas embolism

Which of the following vessels contain blood under the highest amount of pressure? -Capillaries -Arteries -Veins -Venules

Arteries

Which of the following vessels has the thickest muscular walls that allow constriction and dilation? -Arteries -Lymphatic vessels -Veins -Capillaries

Arteries

Which of the following statements is​ TRUE? -Arteries carry blood from the heart. -Arteries have valves that prevent backflow of blood. -Arteries carry only​ oxygen-rich blood. -Arteries lack a middle layer of smooth muscle.

Arteries carry blood from the heart.

At which point should you complete your patient care report (PCR)? -At the end of your shift -En route to the hospital -As soon as you arrive at the hospital -As soon as you are free from patient duties

As soon as you are free from patient duties

You are on the scene of a pediatric patient who is on a specialized home monitoring system. This situation was not specifically addressed in your EMT class and your EMT partner has not encountered this situation, either. What is an advisable course of action? -Ask the parent or caregiver what has been done in the past to correct the situation. -Request an advanced life support ambulance crew to respond for assistance. -Contact medical control and ask to speak to a specialist for advice. -Load the patient and rapidly transport the patient to the closest hospital for evaluation.

Ask the parent or caregiver what has been done in the past to correct the situation.

Which of the following is included in the primary assessment of a conscious patient suffering from anaphylactic shock? -Looking for hives and swelling -Assessing whether the patient is able to speak without difficulty -Finding out how the patient was exposed to the substance to which she is allergic -Determining whether the patient's systolic blood pressure is over 100 mmHg

Assessing whether the patient is able to speak without difficulty

When transporting a patient who you believe to be having a behavioral emergency as the result of a medical​ emergency, what is your FIRST​ concern? -Assessment of the​ airway, breathing, and circulation -Performing a detailed secondary examination -Collecting a thorough history -Transporting the patient to the nearest ED

Assessment of the​ airway, breathing, and circulation

You are transporting a 41-year-old female suffering from severe anaphylaxis. Her respiratory rate is 42 per minute, she is cyanotic, and she has a decreased level of responsiveness. Which of the following is the highest priority of care for this patient? -Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask. -Elevate the patient's head. -Search for an epinephrine auto-injector. -Transport rapidly.

Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.

Your patient is a 66-year-old female who has regained a pulse after a shock with an AED; however, she remains unresponsive and is not breathing adequately. Which of the following should be done next? -Apply a nonrebreather mask with high-concentration oxygen and keep reassessing the pulse. -Assist ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device and supplemental oxygen and anticipate that the patient may go back into cardiac arrest. -Deliver a fourth shock to improve the patient's respiratory status. -Remove the AED and assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen, and keep re-assessing the pulse.

Assist ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device and supplemental oxygen and anticipate that the patient may go back into cardiac arrest.

If a​ patient-carrying device has a fourth​ strap, then this would typically be positioned​ where? -At hip or waist level -Across the upper extremities -Across the lower extremities -At chest level

At chest level

Once you have established with reasonable certainty that your patient is suffering from a behavioral emergency, which of the following is the best course of action? -Begin intense individual counseling with the patient. -There is no need to assess for medical conditions if the patient does not have a history of past medical problems. -Attempt to determine if there is a possible physical cause for the patient's behavior. -Establish the best way to restrain the patient before he has the opportunity to become violent.

Attempt to determine if there is a possible physical cause for the patient's behavior.

Which of the following trauma triage criteria would justify transportation to a trauma center based on mechanism of injury alone? -Auto versus pedestrian -Vehicle crash-generated telemetry data -Vehicle rollover -Intrusion into the occupant area greater than 8 inches

Auto versus pedestrian

Which of the following trauma triage criteria would justify transportation to a trauma center based on mechanism of injury alone? Selected Answer: Auto versus pedestrianAnswers: Auto versus pedestrianVehicle rolloverIntrusion into the occupant area greater than 8 inchesVehicle crash-generated telemetry data

Auto versus pedestrian

Which of the following is NOT essential equipment on an ambulance? -Pediatric oxygen administration devices -Portable suction unit -Portable oxygen tanks -Automatic transport ventilator

Automatic transport ventilator

A way of identifying the seriousness of a burn is by its degree. Which of the following statements is​ TRUE? -A superficial burn is also called a​ second-degree burn. -A​ full-thickness burn is also known as a​ third-degree burn. -A​ first-degree burn is the most serious and the deepest. -A​ second-degree burn is characterized by​ red, dry, smooth skin.

A​ full-thickness burn is also known as a​ third-degree burn.

Compensated Shock

When the patient is developing shock but the body is still able to maintain perfusion.

You arrive on scene to a home for a patient with altered mental status. He is calm and talkative at​ first, but as you start to talk to family​ members, he becomes belligerent and hostile. What should you do​ NEXT? -Back away from the scene and call for police to be dispatched to the scene. -Try to get the family to calmly restrain the patient so that he does not hurt himself or others. -Tell the patient that if he does not calm​ down, you will have him arrested. -Calmly place your hands on the​ patient's shoulders to try to relax him.

Back away from the scene and call for police to be dispatched to the scene.

Peritonitis

Bacterial infection within the peritoneal cavity.

Which of the following must be assessed on a hazmat team member before he or she enters the hot​ zone? -Allergies -Task assignment -Baseline vitals -Height and weight

Baseline vitals

Which of the following findings is LEAST likely in a patient with nontraumatic brain​ injury? -Altered level of consciousness -Slurred speech -Unequal pupils -Battle's sign

Battle's sign

When dealing with a psychiatric emergency, which one of the following would generally be inappropriate behavior on your part? -Be as hurried as you can. It is extremely important to resolve the call and get the patient to the hospital as soon as possible. -Stay alert for sudden changes in behavior. -Act in a calm manner, giving the patient time to gain control of his emotions. -Let the patient know that you are listening to what he is saying, and explain things to the patient honestly.

Be as hurried as you can. It is extremely important to resolve the call and get the patient to the hospital as soon as possible.

Why is activated charcoal best administered in an opaque container and through a​ straw? -Because if activated charcoal is​ spilled, it is toxic and permanently stains clothing and skin -Because of the unpalatable nature of the slurry -So that the patient cannot know how close she or he is to consuming the entire dose -Because activated charcoal is light sensitive

Because of the unpalatable nature of the slurry

Full immobilization of a trauma patient, including placing a cervical collar and securing the patient to a backboard, should take place at which of the following points in time? -Before the primary assessment -En route to the hospital -After checking for cervical range of motion -Before moving the patient to the ambulance

Before moving the patient to the ambulance

When a person acts in a manner that is unacceptable to himself or those around him, this would be considered which of the following? -Psychotic episode -Mental illness -Psychosomatic reaction -Behavioral emergency

Behavioral emergency

A patient with an abdominal injury will likely want to keep the legs in what position to reduce​ pain? -Elevated -Crossed -Straight -Bent

Bent

Which of the following scenarios is an anatomical criterion for transporting a motor vehicle collision patient to a trauma​ center? -Unresponsiveness -Hypotension -Death of another occupant -Bilateral femur fractures

Bilateral femur fractures

Which of the following situations is MOST likely when a woman who is experiencing labor pain states that she needs to go to the bathroom to move her​ bowels? -She is in early labor with adequate time for transport. -She is in false labor​ (Braxton-Hicks contractions). -Birth is imminent. -The bag of waters is about to break.

Birth is imminent.

Excited Delirium

Bizarre and/or aggressive behavior, shouting, paranoia, panic, violence toward others, insensitivity to pain, unexpected physical strength, and hyperthermia, usually associated with cocaine or amphetamine use. AKA Agitated Delirium

What clinical finding is MOST suggestive of an inhaled poison? -Altered mental status -Black-colored sputum -Tachypnea -Swollen tongue

Black-colored sputum

Venous bleeding

Bleeding from a vein, which is characterized by dark red or maroon blood and a steady, easy-to-control flow.

Arterial bleeding

Bleeding from an artery, which is characterized by bright red blood that is rapid, profuse, and difficult to control.

Capillary bleeding

Bleeding from capillaries, which is characterized by a slow, oozing flow of blood.

Hemorrhage

Bleeding, especially severe bleeding.

If you do not have a commercial tourniquet available, what common device found on the ambulance can be used as a substitute? -Ice packs tied in place with triangle bandage -Air or vacuum splint -Blood pressure cuff -Use a rope tie-down to make a tourniquet

Blood pressure cuff

If you do not have a commercial tourniquet available, what common device found on the ambulance can be used as a substitute? -Use a rope tie-down to make a tourniquet -Blood pressure cuff -Air or vacuum splint -Ice packs tied in place with triangle bandage

Blood pressure cuff

Which of the following descriptions BEST characterizes deep​ frostbite? -Vasoconstriction and decreasing circulation develop. -Body tissues becomes frozen. -The​ body's core temperature drops below 95 degrees Fahrenheit. -The epidermis turns red from exposure to the cold.

Body tissues becomes frozen.

Which of the following describes a breech presentation? Selected Answer: Both The infant presents buttocks first and The infant presents with both feet firstAnswers:The infant presents buttocks first.The infant presents with both feet first.The infant presents face first. Both The infant presents buttocks first and The infant presents with both feet first

Both The infant presents buttocks first and The infant presents with both feet first

Which of the following types of drugs may induce sleep or stupor? -:Tranquilizers -Narcotics -Hallucinogens -Both Tranquilizers and Narcotics

Both Tranquilizers and Narcotics

Which of the following types of drugs may induce sleep or stupor? -Tranquilizers -Narcotics -Hallucinogens -Both Tranquilizers and Narcotics

Both Tranquilizers and Narcotics

During severe​ bleeding, which of the following structures is most sensitive to hypoxia from blood​ loss? -Lungs -Skeletal muscle -Brain -Heart muscle

Brain

Which of the following is NOT part of the circulatory system? -Blood -Heart -Blood vessels -Brain

Brain

Respiration

Breathing. During respiration, body heat is lost as warm air is exhaled from the body.

Strategies

Broad general plans designed to achieve desired outcomes.

Which of the following statements about insect bites and stings is​ TRUE? -Most insect bites lead to systemic complications. -Ant bites often transmit Lyme disease. -Black widow bites typically cause delayed reactions after several hours. -Brown recluse bites are usually painless.

Brown recluse bites are usually painless.

Your patient is a 40-year-old male who has been exposed to a dry chemical powder and is complaining of severe pain on both of his hands, the site of the contact. He is working in an illegal chemical manufacturing plant and there is no decontamination shower on site. Which of the following would be the BEST way to manage this situation? -Have the fire department connect to a hydrant and spray down the patient from head to toe. -Brush away as much powder as possible and then pour a bottle of sterile saline solution over his hands. -Brush away the powder and bandage the hands in a position of function. -Brush away as much of the powder as possible and then have the patient hold his hands under running water from a faucet or regular garden hose.

Brush away as much of the powder as possible and then have the patient hold his hands under running water from a faucet or regular garden hose.

What is the FIRST step in removing dry chemicals from the​ body? -Vacuum off excess material. -Neutralize the chemical with vinegar. -Brush off the excess material. -Pour water on the body.

Brush off the excess material.

Your patient has sustained a chemical burn to her hands from dry lime. How is this treated in the​ field? -Flush the patient immediately with water. -Use only sterile water to flush the patient. -Brush off the powder before using water to flush. -Use baby oil to flush the injury.

Brush off the powder before using water to flush.

You assess a 35-year-old female patient with a chemical burn to her right forearm and hand. As you assess the burn, you notice a white powder on the burn. What should be your next step? -Brush the powder off the patient's arm and hand, and then flush with copious amounts of water. -Brush off the powder, bandage the arm, and transport the patient to the closest trauma center. -Flush the arm and hand with copious amounts of water. -Transport the patient immediately to the closest burn center.

Brush the powder off the patient's arm and hand, and then flush with copious amounts of water.

You assess a 35-year-old female patient with a chemical burn to her right forearm and hand. As you assess the burn, you notice a white powder on the burn. What should be your next step? -Transport the patient immediately to the closest burn center. -Brush off the powder, bandage the arm, and transport the patient to the closest trauma center. -Brush the powder off the patient's arm and hand, and then flush with copious amounts of water. -Flush the arm and hand with copious amounts of water.

Brush the powder off the patient's arm and hand, and then flush with copious amounts of water.

Which of the following statements is​ TRUE? -Any blow to the chest that fractures the ribs and sternum is a compression injury. -Bullet wounds are a type of penetrating trauma and involve both internal and external injuries. -Blunt trauma involves various objects penetrating the chest wall. -A compression injury is when a twisting effect damages the ribs.

Bullet wounds are a type of penetrating trauma and involve both internal and external injuries.

How does the vascular system control temperature​ regulation? -By expanding or narrowing the blood vessels -By dilating blood vessels in the periphery of the body to conserve heat -By gathering heat from the surface of the body and delivering it to the core -By increasing blood flow to the thermoregulatory center in the brain

By expanding or narrowing the blood vessels

The manner in which someone acts is known​ as: -bipolar disorder. -schizophrenia. -phobia. -behavior.

behavior.

Which of the following is a​ 24-hour resource operated by the American Chemistry​ Council? -MSDS -CHEMTRANS -CHEMTREC -HAZTECH

CHEMTREC

________ is the response agency, established in Washington, DC, as a service of the Chemical Manufacturers Association that can provide either you or your dispatcher with information about the hazardous material and contact the shipper to provide you with information about the material. Selected Answer: CHEMTRECAnswers: CHEMTRECOSHAHAZMARTEPA

CHEMTREC

Hazard Classification System

CLASS 1- EXPLOSIVES CLASS 2—GASES CLASS 3—FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS CLASS 4—FLAMMABLE SOLIDS; SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS; AND DANGEROUS-WHEN-WET MATERIALS CLASS 5—OXIDIZERS AND ORGANIC PEROXIDES CLASS 6—TOXIC MATERIALS AND INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES CLASS 7—RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS CLASS 8—CORROSIVE MATERIALS CLASS 9—MISCELLANEOUS DANGEROUS GOODS

Which of the following is the BEST course of action for the EMT to take when caring for a patient with an AICD who goes into cardiac arrest? -CPR should be started, but the AED should not be used while on-scene or transporting the patient. -The AED should be applied and used, but CPR should not be started while on-scene or transporting the patient. -CPR and an AED should be used as indicated while on-scene and transporting the patient. -No action beyond transport is required since the patient already has an implanted defibrillator.

CPR and an AED should be used as indicated while on-scene and transporting the patient.

You have just arrived on the scene of an agricultural business and see three men coming out of a building, choking and holding their heads. One of the men tells you there are two workers still inside. What should you do next? -Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and check on the status of the two workers inside the building. -Call for properly trained assistance and stay a safe distance away from the scene. -Evaluate the three men and administer high-concentration oxygen, then help them get a safe distance away from the scene. -Get the assistance of the men who made it out of the building to prevent delay in finding the workers inside.

Call for properly trained assistance and stay a safe distance away from the scene.

You have just arrived on the scene of an agricultural business and see three men coming out of a building, choking and holding their heads. One of the men tells you there are two workers still inside. What should you do next? -Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and check on the status of the two workers inside the building. -Call for properly trained assistance and stay a safe distance away from the scene. -Get the assistance of the men who made it out of the building to prevent delay in finding the workers inside. -Evaluate the three men and administer high-concentration oxygen, then help them get a safe distance away from the scene.

Call for properly trained assistance and stay a safe distance away from the scene.

Which of the following blood vessels CANNOT stop bleeding by constricting? -Arterioles -Capillaries -Arteries -Venules

Capillaries

Your patient is a 6-year-old child who has fallen down while running on a sidewalk. She has abrasions on both knees and the palms of both hands, which are oozing blood. This is an example of bleeding from which of the following types of vessels? -Arteries -Lymphatic vessels -Veins -Capillaries

Capillaries

Your patient is a 6-year-old child who has fallen down while running on a sidewalk. She has abrasions on both knees and the palms of both hands, which are oozing blood. This is an example of bleeding from which of the following types of vessels? -Capillaries -Lymphatic vessels -Arteries -Veins

Capillaries

Which of the following is the result of histamine and other chemicals in the body during anaphylaxis? -Capillaries become leaky, bronchoconstriction occurs, and swelling appears in areas around the vocal cords. -Urticaria occurs due to fluid being shunted from the skin, causing dehydration of tissue. -Blood vessels constrict, capillaries become leaky, and bronchoconstriction occurs. -Bronchodilation occurs, blood vessels dilate, and swelling appears in areas around the vocal cords.

Capillaries become leaky, bronchoconstriction occurs, and swelling appears in areas around the vocal cords.

Which of the following is NOT one of the actions necessary to ready an ambulance for its​ engine-on inspection? -Set the parking brake and put the transmission in park. -Check the level of the fluids. -Pull the ambulance from quarters if engine exhaust fumes will be a problem. -Have your partner chock the wheels.

Check the level of the fluids.

Which of the following is the result of histamine and other chemicals in the body during anaphylaxis? -Urticaria occurs due to fluid being shunted from the skin, causing dehydration of tissue. -Capillaries become leaky, bronchoconstriction occurs, and swelling appears in areas around the vocal cords. -Bronchodilation occurs, blood vessels dilate, and swelling appears in areas around the vocal cords. -Blood vessels constrict, capillaries become leaky, and bronchoconstriction occurs.

Capillaries become leaky, bronchoconstriction occurs, and swelling appears in areas around the vocal cords.

You arrive on scene to an​ 8-year-old male patient who fell while skating. He is responsive but lying down on the pavement. As you assess the​ patient, you notice abrasions with​ self-controlled bleeding located on both his knees. Based on your​ assessment, what type of external bleeding is​ this? -Capillary -​Non-significant -Venous -Arterial

Capillary

Which of the following is the cause of the black residue found in a patient's mouth and nose following smoke inhalation? -Carbon monoxide -Carbon -Cyanide -Tar

Carbon

Which of the following is the cause of the black residue found in a patient's mouth and nose following smoke inhalation? -Tar -Carbon monoxide -Carbon -Cyanide

Carbon

In which of the following ways does cardiac arrest in children differ from cardiac arrest in adults? -Cardiac arrest in adults is more likely to be due to respiratory failure. -Ventricular fibrillation is common in children. -Cardiac arrest in children is more likely to be due to respiratory failure. -Ventricular fibrillation is not common in adults.

Cardiac arrest in children is more likely to be due to respiratory failure.

Which of the following is the general term used to refer to a problem with the heart? -Myocardial infarction -Congestive heart failure -Cardiac compromise -Cardiac dysrhythmia

Cardiac compromise

You are dispatched to an industrial plant for a burn. You arrive and find a 60-year-old male who came in contact with a broken steam line and appears to have partial thickness burns on both hands and arms. He is lying on the ground and coworkers are gently spraying him with water from a nearby hose. What should you do? -Because of his age, immediately put him in your ambulance and transport him to a burn center. -Call for air transport and continue to pour water on the burns until transport arrives. -Care for the burn and do a complete patient assessment, including cervical spine precautions. -Before doing treatment, call the local burn center for instruction.

Care for the burn and do a complete patient assessment, including cervical spine precautions.

Convection

Carrying away of heat by currents of air, water, or other gases or liquids.

Which of the following allows for smooth movement of bone surfaces against one another at joints? -Smooth muscle -Peritoneum -Ligaments -Cartilage

Cartilage

Which of the following may be a source of ignition when an ambulance is parked off the roadway in a field of dried grass? Selected Answer: Catalytic converterAnswers:Mobile radioLeaking coolant Catalytic converterBattery

Catalytic converter

Which of the following is the immediate toxic effect of alcohol? -Damage to the liver -Central nervous system depression -Irreversible damage to the kidneys -Central nervous system (CNS) stimulation

Central nervous system depression

What separates the lower aspect of the uterus from the​ vagina? -Endometrium -Fundus -Ovary -Cervix

Cervix

Your patient is an 11-year-old male who has a swollen, painful, and angulated right lower arm after falling from his bicycle onto his hands. Which of the following should be considered in the immobilization of his injured extremity? -Check pulse, movement, and sensation distal to the injury before and after splinting. -Use an upper extremity traction splint. -Do not attempt to realign the extremity before splinting. -Immobilize from the shoulder to the wrist.

Check pulse, movement, and sensation distal to the injury before and after splinting.

Your patient is an 11-year-old male who has a swollen, painful, and angulated right lower arm after falling from his bicycle onto his hands. Which of the following should be considered in the immobilization of his injured extremity? -Check pulse, movement, and sensation distal to the injury before and after splinting. -Use an upper extremity traction splint. -Immobilize from the shoulder to the wrist. -Do not attempt to realign the extremity before splinting.

Check pulse, movement, and sensation distal to the injury before and after splinting.

In addition to​ biological, nuclear,​ radiological, and​ explosive, which of the following is a recognized category of weapons of mass​ destruction? -Microscopic -Flammable -Chemical -Physical

Chemical

Which of the following is LEAST often seen in carbon monoxide poisoning? -Confusion -Cherry red lips -Headache -Nausea

Cherry red lips

Which of the following CANNOT be provided effectively while a drowning victim is still in the​ water? -Chest compressions -Bleeding control -Rescue breathing -Spinal precautions

Chest compressions

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of stroke? -Seizure -Chest pain -Sudden impairment of vision -Vomiting

Chest pain

You suspect that your patient is suffering from angina pectoris. What signs or symptoms would you expect to see with this condition? -Chest pain that is not relieved with nitroglycerin -Chest pain that radiates to the leg -Chest pain that is not relieved with rest -Chest pain that is relieved with nitroglycerin

Chest pain that is relieved with nitroglycerin

Water chill

Chilling caused by conduction of heat from the body when the body or clothing is wet.

Wind chill

Chilling caused by convection of heat from the body in the presence of air currents.

What is a condition that is likely to have a clear past history of similar​ complaints? -Cholecystitis -Trauma to the abdomen -Ectopic pregnancy -GI bleeding from aspirin use

Cholecystitis

You are called to a residential neighborhood at 12:30 A.M. Your patient has just finished eating a super-sized meal of deep fried fish. He is now complaining of a "crampy" pain in the right upper quadrant and has had two episodes of nausea and vomiting with a green emesis. What condition do you suspect that your patient is experiencing? -Intestinal obstruction -Appendicitis -Cholecystitis -Peptic ulcer

Cholecystitis

Flammable​ solids, substances that are dangerous when​ wet, and spontaneously combustible materials​ are: -Class 4 materials. -Class 3 materials. -Class 1 materials. -Class 2 materials.

Class 4 materials.

Which of the following would be atypical for either an allergic or an anaphylactic​ reaction? -Increased heart rate -Hives -Decreased blood pressure -Clear, unblemished skin

Clear, unblemished skin

In which of the following areas at a hazmat incident are normal​ triage, stabilization, and treatment​ performed? -Cold zone -Command post -Warm zone -Temperate zone

Cold zone

Which of the following is NOT an acceptable way of attempting to identify a hazardous material? Selected Answer: Collecting a sample of the material for laboratory analysisAnswers:Using binoculars to obtain information from the placard on a containerAsking the driver of the tractor-trailer truck involved in the incident Collecting a sample of the material for laboratory analysisChecking the material safety data sheet

Collecting a sample of the material for laboratory analysis

Triage tag

Color-coded tag indicating the priority group to which a patient has been assigned.

Which of the following is a principle of effective Incident Command? -Command is most effective when one person is responsible for not more than 6 other people. -The command location must not be revealed to anyone on the scene. -Police, fire, and EMS must establish separate command locations. -None of these

Command is most effective when one person is responsible for not more than 6 other people.

Single incident command

Command organization in which a single agency controls all resources and operations.

Unified command

Command organization in which several agencies work independently but cooperatively.

You are on an EMS standby for a boxing tournament. During one of the matches, one of the female boxers delivers a forcible uppercut to the chest of her opponent, who falls to the ground. The match is declared over on the basis of a TKO. However, the opponent fails to arise following a 1 to 2 minute interval. EMS is summoned to the ring. You find the patient pulseless and breathing agonal gasps. You suspect which of the following traumatic conditions? -Cardiac tamponade -Aortic dissection -Tension pneumothorax -Commotio cordis

Commotio cordis

Which of the following is appropriate in the examination of a painful, swollen extremity of a conscious patient? -Comparing the injured side to the uninjured side -Asking the patient to see if he can bear weight on the extremity -Gently attempting to flex the mid-portion of the bone to check for angulation -Seeing if you can elicit crepitus on palpation

Comparing the injured side to the uninjured side

Your patient is a 17-year-old male who is spitting and coughing after swallowing some gasoline while siphoning from a gas tank. Which of the following should you do first? -Insert a Combitube or another blind insertion device, if you are trained to do so. -Have the patient drink a glass of milk. -Administer syrup of ipecac. -Contact medical control.

Contact medical control.

One of the more serious conditions that EMTs are confronted with would occur as follows:A fracture or crush injury causes bleeding and swelling within the extremity. Pressure and swelling caused by the bleeding within the muscle compartment become so great that the body can no longer perfuse the tissues against the pressure. Cellular damage occurs and causes additional swelling. Blood flow to the area is lost. The limb itself may be lost if the pressure is not relieved. What is this condition called? -Perfusing syndrome -Compartment syndrome -Crushing syndrome -Fracture syndrome

Compartment syndrome

You arrive on scene to a private residence where you find a​ 56-year-old female patient sitting in her living room complaining of​ pain, paresthesia, and pressure in her lower right leg. She states that a few days ago she slipped on her way downstairs and has had pain in her leg ever​ since, but she has not been to the doctor. During your​ examination, you note that her right lower leg is pale and pulseless. You see swelling and palpate hardness compared with the uninjured left lower leg. Based on these​ findings, the patient is MOST likely experiencing which of the​ conditions? -Possible sprain of her right ankle -Deep vein thrombosis -Compartment syndrome -Muscle strain of the gastrocnemius

Compartment syndrome

Which of the following is a classification of the severity of shock? -Uncompensated -Compensated -Non-compensated -Consumption

Compensated

Which of the following actions is taken after arriving at the receiving hospital​ facility? -Report back in service as soon as you reach the receiving facility. -Ask about the​ patient's treatment plan in​ life-threatening emergencies. -Leave the ED as soon as you have turned your patient over to the staff so that you are available for another call. -Complete your written report and leave a copy at the emergency department before you go.

Complete your written report and leave a copy at the emergency department before you go.

What type of access is required when you must use specialized tools to gain access to a patient in a​ vehicle? -Assisted -Complex -Simple -Utility

Complex

You have arrived at the scene of a patient with​ psychiatric/behavior problems. The scene has been declared​ safe, and you have explained to the patient why you are there. What should be your NEXT​ step? -Prepare for​ transport, with the plan of completing your assessment en route to the hospital. -Obtain a history from the patient. -Obtain the​ patient's vital signs. -Conduct a primary assessment of the patient.

Conduct a primary assessment of the patient.

A patient who is lying on cold ground is losing the most amount of heat by what mechanism? Selected Answer: ConductionAnswers: ConductionShiveringConvectionRadiation

Conduction

Which of the following mechanisms causes the body to lose​ heat? -Water chill -Air chill -Perspiration -Conduction

Conduction

Your patient is immersed in cold water. Which of the following will cause the FASTEST loss of body​ heat? -Evaporation -Radiation -Convection -Conduction

Conduction

You respond to the scene of a 56-year-old obese female complaining of respiratory distress. She states that she has been feeling weak and a "little sick" for the past two days but the respiratory distress has been getting progressively worse for the past several hours. She states she has "heart problems," suffers from high blood pressure, and takes a "water pill." She is afebrile and has coarse crackles (rales) bilaterally. What is most likely the cause of her respiratory distress? -Pneumonia -Aortic aneurysm -Influenza -Congestive heart failure

Congestive heart failure

Your pediatric patient is showing signs and symptoms of hypothermia. Which of the following should be done FIRST after getting the patient out of the cold​ environment? -Contact medical direction. -Complete the patient care report. -Confirm the​ patient's axillary temperature. -Conserve the​ patient's body heat.

Conserve the​ patient's body heat.

What effect does epinephrine have on the blood​ vessels? -Perfusion -Dilation. -Distension. -Constriction

Constriction

You are dispatched to the scene of a construction site where a​ 33-year-old male has been impaled with a piece of rebar to his right anterior chest near the clavicle. The rebar is too long to allow transport of the patient. The patient is alert and seated on the ground. How should you manage this​ injury? -Contact medical control and ensure someone stabilizes the object while it is gently cut to the desired length. -Stabilize the rebar and transport the patient. -Summon a surgeon to the scene to manage this situation. -Immediately remove the rebar in a single motion.

Contact medical control and ensure someone stabilizes the object while it is gently cut to the desired length.

You are on the scene of a 40-year-old male patient who is anaphylactic and still unresponsive following a single epinephrine injection. You had inserted an oral airway and administered oxygen at 15 liters per minute by bag-valve mask and your partner found diminished lung sounds. After the epinephrine administration your partner reassesses lung sounds and tells you that the patient is now wheezing loudly in all fields. What is the next action you should perform? -Discontinue bagging the patient. -Contact medical control and request to administer another dose of epinephrine. -Hyperventilate the patient. -Place the patient on a nonrebreather mask.

Contact medical control and request to administer another dose of epinephrine.

You are on the scene of a 40-year-old male patient who is anaphylactic and still unresponsive following a single epinephrine injection. You had inserted an oral airway and administered oxygen at 15 liters per minute by bag-valve mask and your partner found diminished lung sounds. After the epinephrine administration your partner reassesses lung sounds and tells you that the patient is now wheezing loudly in all fields. What is the next action you should perform? -Place the patient on a nonrebreather mask. -Hyperventilate the patient. -Contact medical control and request to administer another dose of epinephrine. -Discontinue bagging the patient.

Contact medical control and request to administer another dose of epinephrine.

Your patient is a 17-year-old male who is spitting and coughing after swallowing some gasoline while siphoning from a gas tank. Which of the following should you do first? -Have the patient drink a glass of milk. -Contact medical control. -Insert a Combitube or another blind insertion device, if you are trained to do so. -Administer syrup of ipecac.

Contact medical control.

Your patient is a 17-year-old male who is spitting and coughing after swallowing some gasoline while siphoning from a gas tank. Which of the following should you do first? -Insert a Combitube or another blind insertion device, if you are trained to do so. -Contact medical control. -Have the patient drink a glass of milk. -Administer syrup of ipecac.

Contact medical control.

Contamination

Contact with or presence of a material (contaminant) that is present where it does not belong and that is somehow harmful to persons, animals, or the environment.

You are on the scene of a 65-year-old female patient in cardiac arrest. CPR is in progress and the AED has been applied. The AED does not advise shock. What is your next intervention? -Insert a Combitube. -Stop CPR and place the patient in the recovery position. -Continue CPR. -Replace the malfunctioning AED.

Continue CPR.

Which of the following MUST be done during patient​ transport? -Continuous monitoring of the patient -Confirmation of your field impression -Completion of the patient care report -Communication with medical direction

Continuous monitoring of the patient

When assessing a patient for a possible stroke, which of the following three functions should be tested by the EMT? -Control of facial muscles, ability to speak, and ability to hold both arms in an extended position for 10 seconds -Ability to walk, ability to hold both arms in an extended position for 10 seconds, and ability to name common objects -Memory, ability to speak, and ability to track movement with the eyes -Ability to walk, control of facial muscles, and balance

Control of facial muscles, ability to speak, and ability to hold both arms in an extended position for 10 seconds

While other patients are waiting for​ triage, what is an appropriate treatment measure that can be performed during the ongoing triage​ process? -Controlling severe bleeding -Placing a patient on a backboard -Applying a cervical collar -Performing​ bag-valve mask ventilations

Controlling severe bleeding

Autonomic nervous system

Controls involuntary functions.

Which of the following is NOT an open tissue injury? -Avulsion -Abrasion -Evisceration -Contusion

Contusion

Local cooling

Cooling or freezing of particular (local) parts of the body.

Which of the following is a poisonous snake native to the United​ States? -Copperhead -Rat snake -Corn snake -Garter snake

Copperhead

Which of the following types of snake is NOT a pit viper? Selected Answer: Coral snakeAnswers:CopperheadWater moccasin Coral snakeRattlesnake

Coral snake

Which of the following medications is a blood​ thinner? -Cardizem -Lasix -Atenolol -Coumadin

Coumadin

You are treating a​ 64-year-old female patient complaining of weakness and abdominal pain. You find the patient​ pale, cool, and​ diaphoretic, leaning against the wall adjacent to her toilet. You note the presence of​ bright, red blood in the toilet. Based on these​ findings, what treatment option will improve the​ body's ability to​ clot? -Place the patient on​ high-flow oxygen via​ non-rebreather. -Cover the patient in a blanket to prevent hypothermia. -Transport the patient to the most appropriate facility as soon as possible. -Request Advanced Life Support assistance so that intravenous fluids can be infused to replace lost blood volume.

Cover the patient in a blanket to prevent hypothermia.

Passive rewarming

Covering a hypothermic patient and taking other steps to prevent further heat loss and help the body rewarm itself.

A patient has​ partial-thickness burns over 35 percent of her​ body, including both feet. Which of the following classifications does this​ patient's burns fall​ under? -Critical -Minor -Superficial -Moderate

Critical

Which of the following is NOT a sign of the potential need for neonatal​ resuscitation? -Labor induced by drug use -No prior prenatal care -Crowning -History of placenta previa

Crowning

Which of the following would most likely lead to hypovolemic​ shock? -Crush injury to the abdomen -Open fracture of the hand -Subdural hematoma -Crush injury to the foot

Crush injury to the abdomen

Which of the following does NOT indicate that a patient may be about to become violent? -Loud voice and rapid pacing -Profane language -Tense body posture or clenched fists -Crying

Crying

Which of the following chemical agents prohibits the use of oxygen in the cells? -Nerve agents -Blister agents -Cyanide -All of these

Cyanide

What type of posturing is this?

Decerebrate posturing

Which of the following is a transport decision for a multisystem trauma​ patient? -Deciding to manage some injuries en route to the hospital -Deciding what to do when there is disagreement on patient care -Deciding on a hospital destination -Deciding how long to spend on scene

Deciding on a hospital destination

Which of the following tasks must be accomplished before a patient can leave the warm​ zone? -A complete physical examination and history -Packaging for transport -Decontamination -Debriefing about the nature of the exposure

Decontamination

What type of posturing is this?

Decorticate posturing

Your patient is a 35-year-old female with abdominal pain. Which of the following findings CANNOT be attributed to the patient experiencing pain? -Slight increase in blood pressure -Decreased level of consciousness -Shallow respirations -Increased heart rate

Decreased level of consciousness

Of the following adjustments to the vascular​ system, which will contribute the most to increased perfusion to the​ core? -Decreased vascular diameter -Increased blood volume -Increased oxygen consumption -Decreased heart rate

Decreased vascular diameter

Which of the following is a component of​ Cushing's reflex? -Repetitive questioning -Kussmaul respirations -Decreasing pulse rate -Posturing

Decreasing pulse rate

During vehicle​ extrications, what is the CORRECT order of​ operations? -Disentangling patients before preparing for rescues -Disentangling patients before stabilizing the vehicles -Disentangling patients before sizing up the situation -Disentangling patients before immobilizing and extricating them

Disentangling patients before immobilizing and extricating them

You respond to the county jail for a 48-year-old inmate arrested two days ago for public intoxication. Guards state the patient is a known alcoholic and "frequent flier." The guards state that for several hours the patient was "acting crazy" and seeing "bugs on the walls." The patient then began seizing and they called for an ambulance. You notice the patient is no longer seizing, diaphoretic, or confused. What condition do you suspect? -Delirium tremens -Acute episode of paranoid schizophrenia -Alcohol poisoning -LSD abuse

Delirium tremens

You respond to the county jail for a 48-year-old inmate arrested two days ago for public intoxication. Guards state the patient is a known alcoholic and "frequent flier." The guards state that for several hours the patient was "acting crazy" and seeing "bugs on the walls." The patient then began seizing and they called for an ambulance. You notice the patient is no longer seizing, diaphoretic, or confused. What condition do you suspect? -Delirium tremens -Acute episode of paranoid schizophrenia -LSD abuse -Alcohol poisoning

Delirium tremens

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an example of which of the following types of drugs? -Volatile spirit -Depressant -Cannabis -Stimulant

Depressant

Downers

Depressants, such as barbiturates, that depress the central nervous system, which are often used to bring on a more relaxed state of mind.

Multiple devices

Destructive devices, such as bombs, including both those used in the initial attack and those placed to be activated after an initial attack and timed to injure emergency responders and others who rush in to help care for those targeted by an initial attack. See also secondary devices.

Secondary devices

Destructive devices, such as bombs, placed to be activated after an initial attack and timed to injure emergency responders and others who rush in to help care for those targeted by an initial attack

Which of the following is the main focus of the EMT's assessment and history taking of the patient with abdominal pain? -Determining the possible need for immediate surgery -Determining the presence of shock -Determining the cause of the pain -Determining if the patient meets criteria to refuse treatment and transport

Determining the presence of shock

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

Developmental disorders that affect, among other things, the ability to communicate, report medical conditions, self-regulate behaviors, and interact with others.

Which of the following is a common cause of chronic renal​ failure? -Massive multiple system trauma -Blocked urinary catheter -Crush injuries -Diabetes

Diabetes

You are called to a residence for a patient with special medical challenges with a device that does not appear to be functioning correctly. What question for family members would be LEAST​ helpful? -Has this problem ever occurred​ before? If​ so, what fixed​ it? -Have you been taught how to fix this​ problem? -Did you cause this​ problem? -Have you tried to fix the​ problem? If​ so, what​ happened?

Did you cause this​ problem?

Which of the following occurs to blood vessels during an anaphylactic reaction? -Constriction -Spasm -No change -Dilation

Dilation

Which of the following occurs to blood vessels during an anaphylactic reaction? -Dilation -Constriction -Spasm -No change

Dilation

Which of the following is the underlying cause of neurogenic shock? -Failure of the heart to adequately pump blood -Extreme emotional response to paralysis -Dilation of blood vessels -Blood loss from damaged spinal blood vessels

Dilation of blood vessels

You suspect that your patient has a tension pneumothorax. During patient​ assessment, which of the following findings would MOST lead to this​ suspicion? -Jugular venous​ distention; signs of​ shock, narrowed pulse pressure -Diminished or absent lung sounds on side affected by​ trauma; jugular venous​ distention; signs of shock -Patient's neck and face a darker color than the rest of the​ body; bulging​ eyes; jugular venous distention -Tearing chest​ pain; signs of​ shock, unequal pulse and blood pressure between right and left arms

Diminished or absent lung sounds on side affected by​ trauma; jugular venous​ distention; signs of shock

Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries should initially be controlled with which one of the following techniques? -Running cold water over the wound -Direct pressure -Elevation of the injured part -Application of an ice pack or chemical cold pack

Direct pressure

Which method is the LEAST invasive and can control bleeding in MOST​ cases? -Tourniquets -Hemostatic agents -Direct pressure -Elevation

Direct pressure

You respond to the scene of a dialysis clinic where you presented with a​ 64-year-old male patient with blood soaked bandages noted around his right arm at the site of his​ A-V fistula. How should you manage this​ patient's hemorrhage? -Direct pressure on the​ A-V fistula with elevation. -Immediately place a tourniquet directly on the​ A-V fistula. -Immediately place the patient on​ high-flow oxygen, and then treat the hemorrhage. -Place tourniquet as close to the​ A-V fistula as possible.

Direct pressure on the​ A-V fistula with elevation.

Your patient is a 33-year-old man who has a gunshot wound to his right leg and has active, steady, dark red bleeding. He is awake, pale, and diaphoretic. He has a strong radial pulse of 112 per minute, a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure of 122/82 mmHg. He has no other injuries or complaints. Which of the following is the BEST sequence of steps in the management of this patient? -High-concentration oxygen, tourniquet, PASG, and elevation of the extremity -High-concentration oxygen, elevation of the extremity, and application of ice -Direct pressure, high-concentration oxygen, and splinting the leg -Cervical spine immobilization, high-concentration oxygen, direct pressure, and pressure point compression

Direct pressure, high-concentration oxygen, and splinting the leg

Which of the following outlines the​ steps, in order of​ preference, for controlling​ bleeding? -Elevation, pressure​ points, and direct pressure -Direct​ pressure, use of hemostatic​ agents, and tourniquet application -Tourniquets, direct​ pressure, and pressure points -Pressure​ points, direct​ pressure, and elevation

Direct​ pressure, use of hemostatic​ agents, and tourniquet application

What is the process that removes the biological (etiological) contamination hazards as it destroys microorganisms and their toxins? Selected Answer: EmulsificationAnswers: DisinfectionEmulsificationDilutionAbsorption

Disinfection

You arrive on scene to the local park where you are presented with a​ 20-year-old male complaining of severe left shoulder pain. The patient states he fell on the ground and immediately felt a sharp pain in the shoulder. As you evaluate the​ shoulder, you note that the left shoulder sits lower than the right. He has intact distal​ pulse, motor, and sensory​ function, but his shoulder is locked in place and he cannot move it without severe pain. Based on the assessment​ findings, the patient is MOST likely suffering from which of the​ following? -Compartment syndrome -Dislocation -Shoulder strain -Distal humerus fracture

Dislocation

You are dispatched to a motor vehicle crash on a rural mountain highway. You have a patient who was unconscious on arrival, had a seizure, and is currently awake but combative. You suspect he may have a head injury. What is considered the BEST approach regarding transport of this patient? -Transport to a local community hospital approximately 15 minutes away via ground. -Dispatch the medical helicopter to meet your unit at the community hospital. -Dispatch and await the medical helicopter, which is 20 minutes away. -Begin transport to the trauma center on the ground, which is 1.5 hours' driving time.

Dispatch and await the medical helicopter, which is 20 minutes away.

You are dispatched to a motor vehicle crash on a rural mountain highway. You have a patient who was unconscious on arrival, had a seizure, and is currently awake but combative. You suspect he may have a head injury. What is considered the BEST approach regarding transport of this patient? Selected Answer: Dispatch and await the medical helicopter, which is 20 minutes away.Answers:Transport to a local community hospital approximately 15 minutes away via ground. Dispatch and await the medical helicopter, which is 20 minutes away.Begin transport to the trauma center on the ground, which is 1.5 hours' driving time.Dispatch the medical helicopter to meet your unit at the community hospital.

Dispatch and await the medical helicopter, which is 20 minutes away.

When a patient is acting irrationally and​ uncooperatively, which of the following is the MOST effective approach toward gaining the​ patient's trust and​ cooperation? -Being general and nondescript in your expectations of the patient -Telling the patient what he or she wants to​ hear, even though it may not be the truth -Making sure other people are around as you interact with the patient -Displaying a​ calm, confident demeanor

Displaying a​ calm, confident demeanor

Which of the following is the GREATEST likely hazard at any highway accident​ scene? -Wreckage of vehicles -Additional response vehicles -Distracted drivers in oncoming traffic -Undeclared hazardous materials

Distracted drivers in oncoming traffic

Your patient attempted suicide by hanging. What type of spinal injury is MOST​ likely? -Hyperextension injury -Hyperflexion injury -Compression injury -Distraction injury

Distraction injury

Supine hypotensive syndrome

Dizziness and a drop in blood pressure caused when the mother is in a supine position and the weight of the uterus, infant, placenta, and amniotic fluid compress the inferior vena cava, reducing return of blood to the heart and cardiac output.

Upon examining the​ patient's auto-injector, you notice that the contents are yellow and contain particulate matter. What should you​ do? -Do not administer the​ auto-injector and seek an alternative source for epinephrine. -Administer the​ epinephrine; this is normal. -The drug has increased in​ concentration; administer only half the usual dosage. -Because the​ auto-injector is​ sealed, discoloration is impossible.

Do not administer the​ auto-injector and seek an alternative source for epinephrine.

Which of the following statements should you use as a guideline in managing patients with a local cold​ injury? -If the patient must walk to get to​ help, first thaw an affected lower extremity. -Immediately thaw the affected​ extremity, even if rescue conditions may lead it to be refrozen. -Do not​ re-expose the patient to cold. -Gently massage the affected part to break down ice crystals in the tissues.

Do not​ re-expose the patient to cold.

When obtaining the history of a​ 25-year-old patient in​ labor, which of the following questions would you likely ask AFTER asking about when the labor pains​ started? -Is this your first​ pregnancy? -What is your expected due​ date? -Have you seen a doctor regarding your​ pregnancy? -Do you feel the urge to​ push?

Do you feel the urge to​ push?

Which of the following actions should you take if you suspect that your patient on a feeding tube is a victim of child​ abuse? -Tell the caregiver that you are obligated by law to contact law enforcement and that the caregiver needs to stay on the scene until law enforcement arrives. -Do your best to get the patient out of the​ environment, and report your suspicions according to the requirements of your​ jurisdiction, at a minimum to the receiving physician. -Contact medical direction to report your suspicions and request direction about contacting law enforcement. -Request a social services​ follow-up visit for after the child has been discharged from the hospital.

Do your best to get the patient out of the​ environment, and report your suspicions according to the requirements of your​ jurisdiction, at a minimum to the receiving physician.

Which of the following is the LEAST important question in obtaining the history of a seizure patient in the prehospital setting? -What was the patient doing before the seizure? -Does the patient have a family history of seizures? -Did the patient lose control of his bladder? -How did the patient behave during the seizure?

Does the patient have a family history of seizures?

Barbiturates may be referred to as which of the following? -Uppers -Downers -Meth -Acid

Downers

Which of the following is often a precipitating factor in adolescent and adult​ drowning? -Suicide attempts -Cardiac dysrhythmias -Drug or alcohol use -Seizures

Drug or alcohol use

You respond with the police to a domestic violence call where the wife has sustained superficial injuries. The police inform you that the husband is in custody and may be having a reaction to a drug such as PCP​ (phencyclidine). He is speaking rapidly and appears nervous. The police ask you to check him out before they take him away. What should be your greatest safety concern regarding this​ patient? -His excited state may result in a heart attack or similar medical problem. -He will likely attempt to evade arrest by running​ away, posing a threat to others. -His condition may involve a chemical contamination that poses a safety threat to all near him. -Drug-induced reactions can be unpredictable and may result in sudden violence.

Drug-induced reactions can be unpredictable and may result in sudden violence.

You have delivered a​ 34-week gestation infant who is active and crying. Which of the following actions is the highest priority for this​ infant? -Drying the infant thoroughly and wrapping him or her in warm​ blankets, covering the head -Applying​ high-concentration oxygen by a pediatric nonrebreather mask -Allowing the mother to breastfeed the infant -Suctioning the mouth and nose with a bulb syringe

Drying the infant thoroughly and wrapping him or her in warm​ blankets, covering the head

Which of the following BEST describes when positive pressure is applied to the patient's airway using a CPAP machine? -During both inhalation and exhalation -During exhalation only -Between inhalation and exhalation -During inhalation only

During both inhalation and exhalation

Which of the following is TRUE regarding decompensated​ shock? -Decompensated shock is​ reversible, whereas compensated shock is not. -Compensated shock is shock that carries the ultimate costs to the body. -During decompensated​ shock, the body can no longer compensate adequately. -The amount of oxygen availability to the tissues is greater during decompensated shock.

During decompensated​ shock, the body can no longer compensate adequately.

You are treating a 16-year-old skateboarder who has fallen at the skate park. She has an angulated left forearm that she has in a guarded position. When do you splint this injury? -During the primary exam -Immediately -En route to the hospital -During the secondary exam

During the secondary exam

What do elderly patients often fear about going to the​ hospital? -Problems with their insurance -Not getting a private room -Dying in the hospital -A long wait

Dying in the hospital

When log-rolling a patient with a suspected spinal injury, which of the following EMTs directs the move? Selected Answer: EMT at the head of the patientAnswers:EMT at the heaviest portion of the patientEMT with the most seniority EMT at the head of the patientEMT with the highest level of training

EMT at the head of the patient

Hand signals or preprinted index cards may be effective means of communicating with patients with what type of injury from a​ blast? -Abdominal -Ear -Lung -Brain

Ear

Which intervention is proven to be the most effective is obtaining a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in a cardiac arrest patient? -Combitube -Early CPR -Early defibrillation -High-concentration oxygen by bag-valve mask

Early defibrillation

Which of the following BEST describes the EMT's intended role in the ideal provision of emergency cardiac care? -Early defibrillation -Early advanced cardiac life support -Early notification -Early CPR

Early defibrillation

Which of the following statements about shock in infants and children is the MOST​ accurate? -Hypovolemia from head trauma does not occur in children. -Wait for signs of hypotensive shock to clearly develop before treating a child for shock. -Definitive care for children with shock takes places in the prehospital environment. -Early signs of shock can be subtle in children.

Early signs of shock can be subtle in children.

You are examining a 24-year-old female patient with lower quadrant abdominal pain. What is the MOST lethal possibility? -Ectopic pregnancy -Mittelschmerz -Pelvic inflammatory disease -Cholecystitis

Ectopic pregnancy

You are examining a 24-year-old female patient with lower quadrant abdominal pain. What is the MOST lethal possibility? -Pelvic inflammatory disease -Cholecystitis -Mittelschmerz -Ectopic pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy

When caring for an elderly​ patient, it is important to remember​ that: -Nearly all elderly patients have hearing or vision impairments. -The average elderly patient has no medical history and takes no medications. -Elderly patients are usually confused. -Elderly patients should be addressed directly and with respect.

Elderly patients should be addressed directly and with respect.

Which of the following is the LEAST effective method of controlling bleeding? -Elevation -Direct pressure -Tourniquet -Hemostatic agent

Elevation

The medical acronym EMD stands for which of the following? -Emergency Medical Director -Emergency Medical Doctor -Emergency Medical Dispatch -Emergency Medical Driver

Emergency Medical Dispatch

Which of the following should immediately increase your suspicion of a hazardous materials​ incident? -Smoke coming from the driver area of a vehicle involved in a​ head-on collision -An​ out-of-control wildfire in a wooded area -Emergency site at a factory -Fire that starts on the lowest level of a residential structure

Emergency site at a factory

You are assessing a patient with a behavioral disorder who appears to be slightly agitated. Which of the following can you do to help calm the​ patient's anxiety and avoid​ escalation? -Put your hands on the​ patient's shoulders and restrain her. -Show your commitment to the​ patient's care by moving as quickly as possible. -Encourage the patient to voice what is bothering her. -Retreat to the ambulance and depart the scene.

Encourage the patient to voice what is bothering her.

You have responded to a call about a "psychiatric patient" to find a 24-year-old woman talking to herself in her home. She is rocking back and forth and you can see from a distance that she is perspiring profusely. You also see an empty medication bottle on the floor. She does not acknowledge your presence. When you attempt to speak to her, she continues to talk to herself as if you were not there. Which of the following should be included in your actions at the scene? -Look through the house with your partner to try to find some clues to the patient's problem. -Distract her so your partner can look around the house. -Shake the patient's shoulder to check for responsiveness to physical stimuli. -Ensure that law enforcement is responding and wait for their arrival.

Ensure that law enforcement is responding and wait for their arrival.

You have responded to a call about a "psychiatric patient" to find a 24-year-old woman talking to herself in her home. She is rocking back and forth and you can see from a distance that she is perspiring profusely. You also see an empty medication bottle on the floor. She does not acknowledge your presence. When you attempt to speak to her, she continues to talk to herself as if you were not there. Which of the following should be included in your actions at the scene? -Shake the patient's shoulder to check for responsiveness to physical stimuli. -Look through the house with your partner to try to find some clues to the patient's problem. -Distract her so your partner can look around the house. -Ensure that law enforcement is responding and wait for their arrival.

Ensure that law enforcement is responding and wait for their arrival.

What kind of cranial hematoma is this?

Epidural hematoma

Which of the following statements about epinephrine is​ TRUE? -Epinephrine is a hormone produced by the body. -EMTs are not trained to use the epinephrine​ auto-injector. -Epinephrine is indicated for moderate allergic reactions. -Epinephrine will slow the heart rate.

Epinephrine is a hormone produced by the body.

Which of the following occurs when the body perspires or gets​ wet? -Convection -Evaporation -Respiration -Conduction

Evaporation

Which of the following is TRUE about elder​ abuse? -EMTs are liable if they report suspected abuse and are wrong. -Signs of elder abuse are usually obvious. -Every injury of an elderly patient must be evaluated for possible abuse and neglect. -EMTs must report suspected abuse to their supervisor but not to law enforcement.

Every injury of an elderly patient must be evaluated for possible abuse and neglect.

Most state statutes allow an emergency vehicle operator to do which of the following on emergency calls? -Drive around lowered cross-arms at a railroad crossing -Pass a stopped school bus with its red flashers on -Be exempt from liability in the event of a collision -Exceed posted speed limits if life and property are not endangered

Exceed posted speed limits if life and property are not endangered

Which of the following is allowed of EMTs driving an emergency ambulance in MOST​ states? -Driving without due regard if the patient is critical -Exceeding the posted speed limit -Speeding through school zone -Proceeding through a red light without slowing

Exceeding the posted speed limit

Which of the following is a common physiological reaction to a nerve​ agent? -Pupillary dilation -Tachycardia -Hypertension -Excessive salivation

Excessive salivation

A patient who has abused "uppers" will display which of the following signs and symptoms? -Constricted pupils, hypotension, and blurred vision -Dilated pupils, excessive salivation, and food cravings -Slurred speech, constricted pupils, and frequent urination -Excessive talkativeness, dilated pupils, and dry mouth

Excessive talkativeness, dilated pupils, and dry mouth

A patient who has abused "uppers" will display which of the following signs and symptoms? -Slurred speech, constricted pupils, and frequent urination -Constricted pupils, hypotension, and blurred vision -Dilated pupils, excessive salivation, and food cravings -Excessive talkativeness, dilated pupils, and dry mouth

Excessive talkativeness, dilated pupils, and dry mouth

Dissemination of a weapon of mass destruction is particularly important to consider for all of the following CBRNE materials EXCEPT which​ one? -Chemical -Radiological/Nuclear -Explosive -Biological

Explosive

Which of the following is NOT a​ TRACEM-P harm? -Thermal -Exposure -Radiological -Chemical

Exposure

Induced abortion

Expulsion of a fetus as a result of deliberate actions taken to stop the pregnancy.

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of musculoskeletal injury? -Extensive force -Direct force -Indirect force -Twisting or rotational forces

Extensive force

In a hypothermic patient the coldest blood is found in what part of the patient's body? Selected Answer: ExtremitiesAnswers:Heart and lungsHeadIntestines Extremities

Extremities

You are en route to the trauma center with a patient who was injured when he was thrown from a horse. You suspect multiple trauma injuries including a closed head injury. You will monitor his mental status using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) per your protocols. Which of the following will you check? Selected Answer: Eye-opening, motor response, and verbal responseAnswers:Verbal responses, motor skills, and mental statusMotor response, verbal response, and attentivenessSpeech patterns, motor patterns, and mental status Eye-opening, motor response, and verbal response

Eye-opening, motor response, and verbal response

Which of the following is MOST likely to have associated spinal​ injury? -Extremity trauma -Abdominal injury -Burn injury -Facial trauma

Facial trauma

Your patient is a 25-year-old female with a history of diabetes. She is confused, agitated, and verbally abusive to you, and she is very sweaty. Although she refuses to give a history of the present illness, you should suspect which of the following as the likely cause of the patient's presentation? -Failure to take her insulin -Excessive intake of foods high in sugar, such as soda or candy -Failure to intake sufficient sugar -A nondiabetic-related problem, such as a head injury or mental illness

Failure to intake sufficient sugar

What contributes MOST to the acutely serious complications from​ end-stage renal​ disease? -Consumption of foods that should be avoided -Use of medications that should be avoided -Failure to control hypertension adequately -Failure to make regularly scheduled dialysis appointments

Failure to make regularly scheduled dialysis appointments

Which of the following is a common cause of seizures in young children but NOT in​ adults? -Fever -Oxygen deficiency -Hypoglycemia -Meningitis

Fever

Which of the following is the BEST protection for an EMT's upper body during an extrication operation? Selected Answer: Firefighting turnout coatAnswers:Thick wool coatThick fireproof blanket draped around the shoulders Firefighting turnout coatNylon jacket with asbestos lining

Firefighting turnout coat

You are on scene with a​ 45-year-male who lacerated his hands while working in his garage. The bleeding is dark red and has a steady flow. What is the best way to manage this​ patient's hemorrhage? -Elevation of the extremities -Splinting the limb and applying a cold pack -Firmly bandaging a dressing in place -Tourniquet application proximal to the injury site

Firmly bandaging a dressing in place

No minimum training hours are required for which level of​ training? -Hazardous Materials Technician -First Responder Operations -Hazardous Materials Specialist -First Responder Awareness

First Responder Awareness

Who is a secondary device intended to​ target? -Politicians -Random passersby -First responders -Personnel in infrastructure roles

First responders

Which of the following is required to be a part of the​ on-board, permanently mounted equipment in a basic life support​ ambulance? -Sterile burn sheets -AED -Fixed suction unit -Backboard

Fixed suction unit

Based on the following presentations of patient injuries, which one would be considered MOST severe, justifying immediate transportation to a trauma center? Selected Answer: Flail chestAnswers: Flail chestOpen (compound) midshaft femur fractureMidline cervical spine painClosed head injury

Flail chest

Rule of Nines (ADULT)

For an adult, each of the following areas represents 9% of the body surface: the head and neck, each upper extremity, the chest, the abdomen, the upper back, the lower back and buttocks, the front of each lower extremity, and the back of each lower extremity. The remaining 1% is assigned to the genital region.

Rule of Nines (CHILD/INFANT)

For an infant or child, the percentages are modified so that 18% is assigned to the head, 14% to each lower extremity.

Angulated fracture

Fracture in which the broken bone segments are at an angle to each other.

Flail chest

Fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allows for free movement of the fractured segment.

You are caring for a 27-year-old male who has a puncture wound to the right upper chest. The patient was stabbed with a serrated steak knife by his ex-girlfriend. You have placed an occlusive dressing to the site and began emergent transport to the closest trauma center. However, while en route the patient begins to complain of increasing shortness of breath. You notice a decrease in ventilatory volume and an increase in thoracic diameter. Which of the following options would be the best step to perform next? -Begin providing CPR to the patient. -Free a corner or edge of the dressing and have the patient exhale to release pressure buildup. And re-seal the wound. -Call dispatch for an ALS intercept en route to the hospital. -Begin providing BVM-assisted ventilations to the patient.

Free a corner or edge of the dressing and have the patient exhale to release pressure buildup. And re-seal the wound.

You are caring for a 27-year-old male who has a puncture wound to the right upper chest. The patient was stabbed with a serrated steak knife by his ex-girlfriend. You have placed an occlusive dressing to the site and began emergent transport to the closest trauma center. However, while en route the patient begins to complain of increasing shortness of breath. You notice a decrease in ventilatory volume and an increase in thoracic diameter. Which of the following options would be the best step to perform next? -Free a corner or edge of the dressing and have the patient exhale to release pressure buildup. And re-seal the wound. -Call dispatch for an ALS intercept en route to the hospital. -Begin providing CPR to the patient. -Begin providing BVM-assisted ventilations to the patient.

Free a corner or edge of the dressing and have the patient exhale to release pressure buildup. And re-seal the wound.

You are called to the home of a young female who is reported to be agitated and threatening her family members. The police are in the kitchen interviewing the family​ members, and the patient is lying on the couch in the living​ room, face down with her hands under the pillow on which her head is resting. How should you​ proceed? -Sit on the couch next to the​ patient, and gently begin interacting with her. -Remove the​ patient's hands from underneath the pillow before interacting with her. -From a safe​ distance, ask the patient to sit up or move to another​ chair, and ask one of the police officers to accompany you. -Kneel down next to the patient while trying to coax her to sit up.

From a safe​ distance, ask the patient to sit up or move to another​ chair, and ask one of the police officers to accompany you.

You are called to the scene of a local night club for a 21-year-old female patient who is bradycardic and in respiratory arrest. The patient's airway is patent and the chest easily rises with bag-valve-mask ventilation. The patient's friends state the patient had only one or two drinks when she suddenly complained of dizziness and "seeing things." Her friends state that she then passed out, started twitching like she was seizing, and then stopped. Her friends adamantly state that she does not do drugs. What situation do you suspect? -Cocaine overdose -GHB overdose -Alcohol overdose -Anaphylactic reaction to the alcoholic drink

GHB overdose

You are called to the scene of a local night club for a 21-year-old female patient who is bradycardic and in respiratory arrest. The patient's airway is patent and the chest easily rises with bag-valve-mask ventilation. The patient's friends state the patient had only one or two drinks when she suddenly complained of dizziness and "seeing things." Her friends state that she then passed out, started twitching like she was seizing, and then stopped. Her friends adamantly state that she does not do drugs. What situation do you suspect? -GHB overdose -Anaphylactic reaction to the alcoholic drink -Alcohol overdose -Cocaine overdose

GHB overdose

Your patient complains of right shoulder pain. She denies trauma. Which of the following is most​ likely? -Food poisoning -Appendicitis -Gallbladder problems -Intestinal obstruction

Gallbladder problems

Which of the following types of radiation is the MOST penetrating type of​ radiation, able to travel very long​ distances, and against which an effective shielding is​ lead? -Neutron -Alpha -Beta -Gamma

Gamma

Air embolism

Gas bubble in the bloodstream. The plural is air emboli. The more accurate term is arterial gas embolism (AGE).

Hypothermia

Generalized cooling that reduces body temperature below normal, which is a life-threatening condition in its extreme.

What is more characteristic of anaphylaxis than a less severe allergic​ reaction? -Swelling -Itching -Wheezing -Generalized pallor

Generalized pallor

Your patient is a 37-year-old man who tripped while walking down a hill and now has a painful, deformed right leg. Your assessment reveals that the foot is cold and mottled in appearance. You cannot detect a pulse in the foot or ankle. Which of the following is the BEST course of action? -Gently attempt to straighten the leg to regain a pulse before splinting. -Transport rapidly to the nearest trauma center. -Explain to the patient that, because you cannot detect circulation in his foot, his leg will most likely have to be amputated above the site of the injury. -Splint the leg in the position in which it was found and transport without delay.

Gently attempt to straighten the leg to regain a pulse before splinting.

Your patient is a 37-year-old man who tripped while walking down a hill and now has a painful, deformed right leg. Your assessment reveals that the foot is cold and mottled in appearance. You cannot detect a pulse in the foot or ankle. Which of the following is the BEST course of action? -Splint the leg in the position in which it was found and transport without delay. -Transport rapidly to the nearest trauma center. -Gently attempt to straighten the leg to regain a pulse before splinting. -Explain to the patient that, because you cannot detect circulation in his foot, his leg will most likely have to be amputated above the site of the injury.

Gently attempt to straighten the leg to regain a pulse before splinting.

Which of the following is the best way to assist a patient with special challenges who you suspect is being​ abused? -Get the patient out of the environment. -Notify your supervisor. -Wait on scene for law enforcement to arrive. -Confront the suspected abuser.

Get the patient out of the environment.

What is the most important part of treatment for a patient suffering from an absorbed poison​ exposure? -Contact Poison Control and identify the specific treatment algorithm for this patient. -Remove all clothing. -Transport the patient to the most appropriate facility. -Get the poison off the skin or out of the eye.

Get the poison off the skin or out of the eye.

You are caring for an unresponsive hypothermic patient who was found outdoors. Once you have determined the scene is​ safe, which of the following is your first​ priority? -Getting the patient out of the cold environment -Opening the​ patient's airway -Removing wet clothing from the patient -Assessing the​ patient's core temperature

Getting the patient out of the cold environment

When a patient with a behavioral disorder refuses care and​ transport, what would be your BEST course of​ action? -Strike a bargain with the​ patient: Tell the patient that he or she can ride up front and blow the siren if the patient agrees to go with you. -Give the patient an honest explanation as to why care and transportation are important while contacting medical direction. -With the​ patient's first​ refusal, pack up your equipment and leave the scene immediately. -Transport the patient anyway. He or she is suffering from dissociation from reality and will not know the difference.

Give the patient an honest explanation as to why care and transportation are important while contacting medical direction.

What is part of a suicide​ plan? -Saying that a current problem seems insurmountable -Talking about not being able to go on -Expressing feelings of depression -Giving away personal possessions

Giving away personal possessions

Which of the following pieces of equipment is optional basic​ equipment? -Cervical collar -Glucose meter -Obstetrical kit -Pulse oximeter with pediatric and adult probes

Glucose meter

Your patient is a conscious 4-year-old female who has ingested a medication prescribed for her grandfather. To determine appropriate treatment, which of the following information is NOT necessary to provide to medical control? -Patient's weight and the amount of medication taken -Any home remedies attempted by the patient's family -Patient's vital signs and the time the medication was taken -Grandfather's name and the name of the physician who prescribed the medication

Grandfather's name and the name of the physician who prescribed the medication

Which of the following is NOT one of the three corners of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle​ (PAT)? -Appearance -Circulation to skin -Work of breathing -Grimace

Grimace

When assessing a pediatric​ patient's breathing, which of the following statements is​ FALSE? -Grunting at the end of expiration is a normal sign. -Listen for​ stridor, crowing, or other noisy respirations. -Watch for nasal flaring when the patient inhales. -There should be equal movement on both sides of the​ patient's chest.

Grunting at the end of expiration is a normal sign.

For which of the following wounds should the EMT apply an absorbent dressing moistened with sterile saline and then cover it with an occlusive dressing? -Gunshot wound (GSW) to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding -The stump of an amputated extremity -Stab wound to the chest -Laceration to the neck

Gunshot wound (GSW) to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding

The drug ecstasy is classified as what type of drug? -Barbiturate -Hallucinogen -Depressant -Tranquilizer

Hallucinogen

The drug ecstasy is classified as what type of drug? -Depressant -Hallucinogen -Barbiturate -Tranquilizer

Hallucinogen

Where could you find the phalange bones? -Skull and neck -Hands and feet -Lower extremities -Upper extremities

Hands and feet

Bones

Hard but flexible living structures that provide support for the body and protection to vital organs.

The term poison is BEST described as any substance that can do which of the following? -Deactivate nerve transmission -Depress the body's respirations -Increase cellular activity -Harm the body

Harm the body

Your patient is a 15-year-old female who has n diagnosed with a personality disorder. She has no history of violent behavior. The staff at her residential care facility wants her to be transported for evaluation of a possible urinary tract infection. Which of the following is the BEST way to handle this situation? -Ask that the patient be given a tranquilizer injection prior to transport. -Refuse to transport the patient without a police escort. -Have a female EMT attend to the patient. -Transport the patient, but do not speak to her or perform an assessment.

Have a female EMT attend to the patient.

Your patient is a 15-year-old female who has n diagnosed with a personality disorder. She has no history of violent behavior. The staff at her residential care facility wants her to be transported for evaluation of a possible urinary tract infection. Which of the following is the BEST way to handle this situation? -Refuse to transport the patient without a police escort. -Ask that the patient be given a tranquilizer injection prior to transport. -Have a female EMT attend to the patient. -Transport the patient, but do not speak to her or perform an assessment.

Have a female EMT attend to the patient.

Your patient is a 15-year-old female who has n diagnosed with a personality disorder. She has no history of violent behavior. The staff at her residential care facility wants her to be transported for evaluation of a possible urinary tract infection. Which of the following is the BEST way to handle this situation? -Transport the patient, but do not speak to her or perform an assessment. -Refuse to transport the patient without a police escort. -Ask that the patient be given a tranquilizer injection prior to transport. -Have a female EMT attend to the patient.

Have a female EMT attend to the patient.

Your patient is a 3-year-old male with a stoma who has swallowed a household cleaner. Medical direction gives you an order for milk to dilute the stomach contents. Which of the following is the correct way of carrying out this order? -Have the patient drink a glass of milk while you plug the stoma to prevent leakage. -Refuse the order and explain why. -Administer one glass of milk through the stoma. -Have the patient drink one glass of milk.

Have the patient drink one glass of milk.

A man is spending a day fishing in an area where temperatures are over 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Which of the following conditions would be MOST likely to increase his risk of a​ heat-related emergency? -Feeling a light but hot breeze -Having a few beers while fishing -Drinking a quart of sports drink every two hours -Wearing a​ light-colored shirt and shorts

Having a few beers while fishing

Which of the following is NOT recommended when controlling epistaxis? -Placing the unconscious patient in the recovery position -Keeping the patient calm and quiet -Pinching the nostrils together -Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose

Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose

To command activities at a hazardous materials incident​ site, the minimum level of training necessary​ is: -Hazardous Materials Technician. -First Responder Operations. -Hazardous Materials Specialist. -First Responder Awareness.

Hazardous Materials Specialist.

When using a short spine immobilization device, which part of the body is secured last? -Head -Arms -Torso -Legs

Head

Which of the following is the threshold for beginning chest compressions in a​ newborn? -SpO2 ​< 80% one minute after birth -Respiratory rate​ < 60 per minute -Heart rate​ <100 per minute -Heart rate​ < 60 per minute

Heart rate​ < 60 per minute

A​ 41-year-old man was found in the back yard by a neighbor. The weather is hot and​ humid, and the patient had been doing yard work all day. The​ patient's skin is​ red, hot, and​ moist, and his clothes show signs of heavy perspiration. He is not alert but responds to verbal stimuli. Which of the following​ heat-related emergencies should you MOST​ suspect? -Heat stroke -Transient ischemic attack -Hypothermia -Heat cramps

Heat stroke

A​ 72-year-old woman lives in an apartment without air conditioning. There is currently a severe heat wave with high humidity. The​ woman's neighbor finds her responsive only to pain and with​ hot, red, dry skin. What assessment finding would you LEAST suspect with this​ patient? -Rapid, shallow breathing -Dilated pupils -Full and rapid pulse -Heavy perspiration

Heavy perspiration

Once you encounter uncontrolled bleeding from an AV fistula, which of the following methods would you consider using to control bleeding in addition to direct pressure and elevation? -Hemostatic dressings -Tourniquet -Pressure points -Internal wound management

Hemostatic dressings

The detection of a bulging mass through the belly button that is not pulsating should make the EMT suspicious that the patient may be suffering from which of the following? -Hernia -Abdominal aortic aneurysm -Gastroenteritis -Ulcer

Hernia

The detection of a bulging mass through the belly button that is not pulsating should make the EMT suspicious that the patient may be suffering from which of the following? -Ulcer -Hernia -Gastroenteritis -Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Hernia

Your patient is a 23-year-old male who is unresponsive in the restroom of a bar. His respirations are slow and shallow, he has a heart rate of 50 beats per minute, he is sweating profusely, and he has constricted pupils. Which of the following substances is MOST likely responsible for the patient's condition? -LSD -Heroin -Ecstasy -PCP

Heroin

Which of the following is the MOST important means of managing a patient who has inhaled a poison, after the airway has been established? -Monitoring pulse oximetry -Hyperventilation -High concentrations of oxygen -Administering a specific antidote

High concentrations of oxygen

In most cases, which of the following is the correct way to provide initial management of a suspected cervical spine injury? Selected Answer: Hold the patient's head still in a neutral, "eyes forward" position.Answers:Maintain the patient's head and neck in the position they are found. Hold the patient's head still in a neutral, "eyes forward" position.Gently apply pressure to the top of the patient's head.Provide approximately 15 pounds of upward cervical traction.

Hold the patient's head still in a neutral, "eyes forward" position.

What is NOT part of the cardiovascular system? -Hormones -Arteries -Veins -Venules

Hormones

Which of the following combinations of findings makes a patient with a potential​ heat-related emergency the HIGHEST priority for​ transport? -Cool skin and a weak pulse -Profuse perspiration and pale skin -Moist skin and muscle cramps -Hot skin and altered mental status

Hot skin and altered mental status

Which of the following does a physician NOT take into consideration when writing a prescription for a patient to obtain an epinephrine auto-injector? -Patient's medical history -How far the patient lives from medical attention -Severity of previous allergic reactions -Patient's known allergies

How far the patient lives from medical attention

Which of the following fluids is NOT checked by an EMT? -Coolant -Transmission -Oil -Hydraulic

Hydraulic

Which of the following describes the condition of having an abnormally high body temperature? Selected Answer: HyperthermiaAnswers: HyperthermiaSeptic shockHeat shockHyperdynamic state

Hyperthermia

Shock is the circulatory system's failure to provide sufficient blood and oxygen to all the body's tissues. Which of the answers is NOT a major type of shock? -Hypervolemic -Cardiogenic -Hypovolemic -Hemorrhagic

Hypervolemic

Shock is the circulatory system's failure to provide sufficient blood and oxygen to all the body's tissues. Which of the answers is NOT a major type of shock? -Hypovolemic -Hemorrhagic -Hypervolemic -Cardiogenic

Hypervolemic

Which of the following is another name for describing the condition of shock? -Hypoperfusion -Hypotension -Hemorrhage -Internal bleeding

Hypoperfusion

Neurogenic Shock

Hypoperfusion due to nerve paralysis (sometimes caused by spinal cord injuries) resulting in the dilation of blood vessels that increases the volume of the circulatory system beyond the point where it can be filled.

A patient with an electrical injury is LEAST likely to present with which of the following signs and​ symptoms? -Visual difficulties -Restlessness or irritability -Muscle tenderness -Hypotension

Hypotension

In a​ water-related accident, which of the following is LEAST likely to lead to an airway​ obstruction? -Foreign matter in the airway -Water in the lungs -Hypothermia -Swollen tissues in the neck

Hypothermia

A​ 49-year-old male patient was injured with a chain saw while cutting down a tree. He sustained a​ deep, jagged laceration to his left thigh. On​ arrival, you find him to be conscious but breathing​ rapidly, with a rapid pulse and​ cold, clammy skin. What type of shock would you suspect that he is​ in? -Cardiogenic shock -Anaphylactic shock -Hypovolemic shock -Neurogenic shock

Hypovolemic shock

In trauma​ patients, which form of shock is the most​ common? -Cardiogenic shock -Hypovolemic shock -Neurogenic shock -Septic shock

Hypovolemic shock

Which of the following may cause a patient to exhibit abnormal behavior? -Gastroenteritis -Snakebites -Hypoxia -Allergic reaction

Hypoxia

Which of the following is NOT true concerning a patient's reaction to toxic gas exposure? -Signs and symptoms may be delayed. -If the patient is treated immediately, there will be no long-term effects. -The patient may present without respiratory difficulty. -Signs and symptoms may be immediate and severe.

If the patient is treated immediately, there will be no long-term effects.

Which of these statements about the general nature of state laws that govern emergency ambulance operations is​ TRUE? -You must use red lights and siren any time you are responding to a call. -Most states allow an exemption for reckless driving performed while responding to an emergency. -In an​ emergency, saving the​ patient's life overrides all other considerations. -If you do not exercise due regard for the safety of​ others, you are liable for the consequences.

If you do not exercise due regard for the safety of​ others, you are liable for the consequences.

When deciding where to transport a patient who is in hypovolemic shock or who has the potential for developing hypovolemic shock, which of the following is the MOST important service to be provided by the receiving hospital? -Immediate surgical capabilities -Availability of a chaplain -Critical-care nursing -Rehabilitation services

Immediate surgical capabilities

What is the rationale for some EMS systems employing​ "selective use of spine​ immobilization" by some EMS​ systems? -The spine can be effectively​ "cleared" in the field by prehospital providers. -Selective use of spinal immobilization increases health care costs. -Immobilization of some patients may not be beneficial based on mechanism of injury and assessment findings. -Providing spinal immobilization on patients wastes valuable time on scene.

Immobilization of some patients may not be beneficial based on mechanism of injury and assessment findings.

It is characteristic of a disaster plan to be all of the following EXCEPT which​ one? -Predefined -Impractical -Efficient -Specific

Impractical

Which of the following is the MOST reliable indication of improvement in a patient with anaphylaxis who was treated with an epinephrine​ auto-injector? -Increased sweating -Decrease in blood pressure -Improvement of breathing difficulty -Persistent tachycardia

Improvement of breathing difficulty

Hematoma

In a head injury, a collection of blood within the skull or brain.

Distinguishing between a knee dislocation and a patella dislocation can sometimes be difficult. Which of the following statements is NOT true? -In a patellar dislocation, the knee will be stuck in flexion but the knee cap will not be displaced. -You should always check for a distal pulse. -In a knee dislocation, the tibia is forced anteriorly or posteriorly in relation to the distal femur. -The lack of a distal pulse could be a signal of a real emergency.

In a patellar dislocation, the knee will be stuck in flexion but the knee cap will not be displaced.

How will a patient with difficulty breathing but no possibility of a spinal injury likely prefer to be​ transported? -In a seated position -Supine -In a lateral recumbent position -In Trendelenburg position

In a seated position

Contusion

In brain injuries, a bruised brain caused when the force of a blow to the head is great enough to rupture blood vessels.

Laceration

In brain injuries, a cut to the brain.

There are general rules that apply to all types of splinting. Which of the following is NOT a general rule of splinting? -Expose the injury. -Align long-bone injuries to anatomical position. -Assess distal CSM. -In order to avoid loss of use of a limb, it is important to splint before moving, even if the patient is unstable.

In order to avoid loss of use of a limb, it is important to splint before moving, even if the patient is unstable.

What is the difference between sickle cell anemia and sickle cell​ trait? -The disease is present in both​ cases, but symptoms appear only in sickle cell anemia. -In sickle cell​ trait, the disease is present but only with mild​ symptoms; in sickle cell​ anemia, the disease could be fatal. -Nothing, the two conditions are exactly the same. -In sickle cell​ anemia, the patient has the​ disease; in sickle cell​ trait, the patient carries the gene for the disease.

In sickle cell​ anemia, the patient has the​ disease; in sickle cell​ trait, the patient carries the gene for the disease.

Positional Asphyxia

Inadequate breathing or respiratory arrest caused by a body position that restricts breathing.

If an EMS unit is the first to respond to a​ multiple-casualty incident, which role does the most senior EMT​ assume? -Incident commander -Section coordinator -Scene leader -Ground chief

Incident commander

As pressure within the cranium increases, which of the following is the result? -Increased blood pressure, decreased pulse -Decreased blood pressure, increased pulse -Increased blood pressure, increased pulse -Decreased blood pressure, decreased pulse

Increased blood pressure, decreased pulse

Which of the following is NOT an indication that epinephrine is helping the anaphylaxis patient's condition? -Increased blood pressure -Increased heart rate -Increased dyspnea -Both Increased heart rate and Increased dyspnea

Increased dyspnea

Your​ 55-year-old female patient is suffering from a rupturing abdominal aortic aneurysm and is entering into the decompensating stage of shock. What finding would not be an indicator of decompensated shock in this​ patient? -Falling blood pressure -Cyanosis -Increased heart rate -Dilated pupils

Increased heart rate

Which of the following is caused by a histamine release during an allergic​ reaction? -Drying and reduction of mucus in the bronchi of the lungs -Bronchodilation -Increased leakage of fluids from blood vessels -Vasoconstriction

Increased leakage of fluids from blood vessels

Your patient is a 12-year-old female who fell onto her outstretched hands while rollerblading. She has a deformity of her forearm, about 2 inches proximal to her wrist. This injury is a result of which of the following mechanisms? -Indirect force -Sudden acceleration -Direct force -Twisting motion

Indirect force

What type of poison is​ swallowed? -Injected -Inhaled -Absorbed -Ingested

Ingested

By which route are IV drugs​ abused? -Absorption -Injection -Inhalation -Ingestion

Injection

Compartment Syndrome

Injury caused when tissues such as blood vessels and nerves are constricted within a space as from swelling or from a tight dressing or cast.

You are on the scene of a 22-year-old female patient who is unresponsive. The patient's mother states that she is deathly allergic to peanuts and accidentally ate stir fry cooked in peanut oil. The patient is unresponsive with agonal respirations at 6 per minute. What is your first action? -Insert an oral airway and apply oxygen at 15 liters per minute by nonrebreather mask. -Perform a complete assessment and confirm that the patient is actually in anaphylaxis. -Administer epinephrine with medical control consent. -Insert an oral airway and apply oxygen at 15 liters per minute by bag-valve mask.

Insert an oral airway and apply oxygen at 15 liters per minute by bag-valve mask.

Your patient is a 16-year-old male who was ejected from an all-terrain vehicle and struck his head on a large rock. He was not wearing a helmet. He is unresponsive with shallow, irregular respirations; a blood pressure of 170/110 mmHg; and a heart rate of 50 beats per minute. Which of the following interventions would be MOST appropriate? Selected Answer: Insert an oropharyngeal airway and ventilate via bag-valve mask at 20 breaths per minute.Answers:Insert an oropharyngeal airway (OPA) and ventilate via bag-valve mask (BVM) at 30 breaths per minute.Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and give oxygen by nonrebreather mask (NRB) at 15 lpm. Insert an oropharyngeal airway and ventilate via bag-valve mask at 20 breaths per minute.Insert an oropharyngeal airway and give oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 lpm.

Insert an oropharyngeal airway and ventilate via bag-valve mask at 20 breaths per minute.

Which of the following actions is part of the​ engine-off ambulance inspection and can be performed in​ quarters? -Check the headlights. -Test the parking brake. -Inspect the body of the vehicle. -Check​ dash-mounted gauges for proper operation.

Inspect the body of the vehicle.

What is the BEST option an EMT has when encountering poor BVM compliance when attempting to ventilate a patient? -Address ventilation en route to the hospital or ALS intercept. -Begin chest compressions. -Involve two people in the procedure. -Place the patient on supplemental oxygen.

Involve two people in the procedure.

Braxton-Hicks contractions

Irregular prelabor contractions of the uterus.

End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

Irreversible renal failure to the extent that the kidneys can no longer provide adequate filtration and fluid balance to sustain life; survival with ESRD usually requires dialysis.

Which of the following is NOT the purpose of making airway management the highest priority of patient care when managing the patient in shock? -It allows for oxygenation of the lungs. -It allows for improved elimination of carbon dioxide. -It minimizes the chances of aspiration of blood or vomit. -It allows the bronchoconstriction of the smaller airways to be reversed.

It allows the bronchoconstriction of the smaller airways to be reversed.

Which of the following statements regarding syrup of ipecac is NOT true? -It has an immediate action. -It causes emesis in all patients with a single dose. -It can cause a patient to aspirate stomach contents into the lungs. -It removes only about one-third of stomach contents.

It has an immediate action.

What is the purpose of the Rule of Nines for burn​ injuries? -It helps to determine the age of the burn. -It helps to determine the extent of the surface area burned. -It helps to determine the depth of the burn. -It helps to determine the need for oxygen.

It helps to determine the extent of the surface area burned.

Which of the following is an action of insulin? -It increases the circulating level of glucose in the blood. -It blocks the uptake of sugar by the body's cells. -It increases the transfer of sugar from the stomach and small intestine to the bloodstream. -It increases the movement of sugar from the bloodstream to the cell.

It increases the movement of sugar from the bloodstream to the cell.

You are assessing a​ 20-month-old child with a reported history of 36 hours of fever and coughing. The child is upset and​ crying, but you do not notice tears. What is the significance of the lack of​ tears? -The child is not really upset but is crying to get attention. -It is a sign that the child is suffering from severe dehydration. -It is an expected sign of an upper respiratory infection. -Crying without tears is a normal finding in children of this age.

It is a sign that the child is suffering from severe dehydration.

Regarding activated charcoal, which of the following is NOT true? -It can reduce the amount of poison absorbed by the gastrointestinal system. -It does not work on all poisons. -Ingestion of strong acids or alkalis is a contraindication to its use. -It is an antidote to many poisons.

It is an antidote to many poisons.

Which of the following statements is NOT true when you are on-scene and treating a patient that appears to be in shock? -The patient should be promptly put on high-concentration oxygen. -Prompt transportation is a very high priority. -It is important to spend on-scene time to be sure you have corrected and dealt with any of the causes of the shock so that it does not get worse. This is more important than rapid transport. -Airway management is of top priority.

It is important to spend on-scene time to be sure you have corrected and dealt with any of the causes of the shock so that it does not get worse. This is more important than rapid transport.

Which of the following statements about SIDS is​ TRUE? -The cause of SIDS is typically improper care. -It is not well understood why SIDS occurs. -SIDS primarily affects neonates and occurs in fewer than​ 1,000 cases per year. -The EMT must diagnose SIDS in every case of an infant death.

It is not well understood why SIDS occurs.

Which of the following is TRUE about excited​ delirium? -It is often associated with cocaine or amphetamine use. -The patient is usually hypersensitive to pain. -It is often associated with alcohol withdrawal. -The patient often has a history of dementia.

It is often associated with cocaine or amphetamine use.

Which one of the following statements is NOT true? -Almost 10% of the population of adult Americans has a mood disorder such as depression. -In any given year, 26.2% of adult Americans suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder. -Just over 20% of the population of adult Americans has anxiety or panic issues. -It is very unusual for an EMT to be called for a psychiatric emergency.

It is very unusual for an EMT to be called for a psychiatric emergency.

Which one of the following statements is NOT true? -In any given year, 26.2% of adult Americans suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder. -It is very unusual for an EMT to be called for a psychiatric emergency. -Just over 20% of the population of adult Americans has anxiety or panic issues. -Almost 10% of the population of adult Americans has a mood disorder such as depression.

It is very unusual for an EMT to be called for a psychiatric emergency.

Which of the following is the role of glucose in the body? -It assists the pancreas in the manufacture of insulin. -It allows the body to use insulin. -It provides energy for brain cells and other cells in the body. -It is an essential building block for body tissues, such as muscle and bone.

It provides energy for brain cells and other cells in the body.

Which of the following BEST describes the benefit of a three-sided occlusive dressing over a four-sided occlusive dressing for an open chest wound? -It allows easy access for re-examination of the wound en route to the hospital. -It reduces the chances of developing a tension pneumothorax. -It prevents the development of a hemothorax by allowing blood to escape. -It eliminates the need to continue monitoring the patient's respiratory status.

It reduces the chances of developing a tension pneumothorax.

Which of the following is the beneficial action of nitroglycerin in some cardiac emergencies? -It slows down the heart. -It increases the strength with which the ventricles contract. -It dilates only the coronary arteries. -It relaxes blood vessels throughout the body.

It relaxes blood vessels throughout the body.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of splinting an injury to bones and connective tissues? -It may prevent a closed injury from becoming an open injury. -It reduces pain. -It prevents neurological damage due to movement of bone ends or fragments. -It restricts blood flow to the site of the injury to prevent swelling.

It restricts blood flow to the site of the injury to prevent swelling.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of splinting an injury to bones and connective tissues? -It reduces pain. -It prevents neurological damage due to movement of bone ends or fragments. -It may prevent a closed injury from becoming an open injury. -It restricts blood flow to the site of the injury to prevent swelling.

It restricts blood flow to the site of the injury to prevent swelling.

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the proper transport of an avulsed ear? -It should be labeled with the patient's name, as well as the date and time it was bagged. -It should not be immersed in cooled water or saline. -It should be kept as cool as possible. -It should be in a dry sterile dressing.

It should be in a dry sterile dressing.

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning a pelvic wrap? -It can be used if the pelvis shows deformity. -It should not be used unless the patient shows signs of shock. -It can be used if the pelvis shows instability. -You can consider its use based on mechanism of injury (MOI).

It should not be used unless the patient shows signs of shock.

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning a pelvic wrap? -It should not be used unless the patient shows signs of shock. -It can be used if the pelvis shows deformity. -You can consider its use based on mechanism of injury (MOI). -It can be used if the pelvis shows instability.

It should not be used unless the patient shows signs of shock.

Which of the following BEST describes the function of blood? -It clots, flows, transports, protects, and excretes on a daily basis. -It transports gases along with nutrients, aids in excretion, and provides protection and regulation. -It flows from the heart with the vital gases and nutrients to maintain lack of perfusion. -It is a life-giving liquid that supports all the body's functions to maintain hypoperfusion.

It transports gases along with nutrients, aids in excretion, and provides protection and regulation.

Which of the following statements regarding behavioral emergencies is NOT true? -Differences in culture may initially appear to be abnormal behaviors to the EMT. -Apparent behavioral emergencies may be due to an underlying medical cause. -Patients experiencing a behavioral emergency are not always dangerous to themselves or others. -It would be unusual to find a person with schizophrenia outside a mental health facility.

It would be unusual to find a person with schizophrenia outside a mental health facility.

Which of the following statements regarding behavioral emergencies is NOT true? -Patients experiencing a behavioral emergency are not always dangerous to themselves or others. -It would be unusual to find a person with schizophrenia outside a mental health facility. -Apparent behavioral emergencies may be due to an underlying medical cause. -Differences in culture may initially appear to be abnormal behaviors to the EMT.

It would be unusual to find a person with schizophrenia outside a mental health facility.

What is your FIRST priority for a patient with massive facial​ trauma? -Preventing permanent scarring -Keeping the airway open -Bandaging all open injuries -Protecting the​ patient's privacy

Keeping the airway open

Of all the transplantable​ organs, which is MOST commonly​ transplanted? -Liver -Lungs -Heart -Kidneys

Kidneys

Which of the following organs is located in the retroperitoneal space? -Liver -Stomach -Uterus -Kidneys

Kidneys

Which of the following BEST describes an open chest wall​ injury? -Knife wound to the left anterior chest -A patient with pericardial tamponade following a blow to the chest from a baseball bat -Blunt trauma to the sternum during a sporting event -A patient trapped under a car

Knife wound to the left anterior chest

You arrive on scene to an assault. Law enforcement has secured the scene. Your patient is a​ 23-year-old male with a blood soaked shirt. The patient states that the assailant​ "slashed at him with a box​ opener." You expose the chest and note a jagged cut on his left anterior chest with​ steady, dark red hemorrhaging. Based on this assessment​ finding, the wound is MOST likely which of the​ following? -Abrasion -Laceration -Contusion -Avulsion

Laceration

Which of the following is classified as an open head injury? -Contusion without a skull fracture -Laceration with a skull fracture -Laceration without a skull fracture -Both Contusion without a skull fracture and Laceration with a skull fracture

Laceration with a skull fracture

Anemia

Lack of a normal number of red blood cells in the circulation.

The characteristics of a rehab area include all of the following EXCEPT which​ one? -Large enough to accommodate a single crew -Free from exhaust fumes -Located in the cold zone -Easily accessible to EMS units

Large enough to accommodate a single crew

Who is responsible for perimeter control at a terrorism​ incident? -FEMA personnel -Fire department personnel -Law enforcement personnel -EMS personnel

Law enforcement personnel

What should responders do with any clothing that is worn in the warm or hot zones of a hazardous​ incident? -Leave it at the scene. -Red bag the​ items, and place them in regular hospital biohazard containers. -Change into scrubs on arriving at the hospital and place the clothing in hospital laundry. -On returning to​ station, remove the clothing and launder it in hot water for two cycles.

Leave it at the scene.

Your patient is a 32-year-old man with a fish hook that has perforated his hand between the thumb and index finger. Which of the following is the best way to manage the situation in the prehospital setting? -Apply a pressure dressing over the hook. -Pull the hook out from the same direction in which it entered the hand. -Push the hook through the wound to avoid further damage from the barbed end. -Leave the hook in place and try not to disturb it.

Leave the hook in place and try not to disturb it.

Your patient is a 40-year-old female who has n experiencing abdominal pain and vomiting for 2 days. She is now responsive to verbal stimulus; has cool, dry skin; a heart rate of 116; respirations of 24; and a blood pressure of 100/70. Which of the following is the BEST position for transporting this patient? -Sitting up at a 90-degree angle -Sitting up at a 45-degree angle -Supine with the knees bent -Left lateral recumbent with the legs bent

Left lateral recumbent with the legs bent

Your patient is a 40-year-old female who has n experiencing abdominal pain and vomiting for 2 days. She is now responsive to verbal stimulus; has cool, dry skin; a heart rate of 116; respirations of 24; and a blood pressure of 100/70. Which of the following is the BEST position for transporting this patient? -Supine with the knees bent -Sitting up at a 90-degree angle -Sitting up at a 45-degree angle -Left lateral recumbent with the legs bent

Left lateral recumbent with the legs bent

Which element of the musculoskeletal system belongs to the lower extremities of the appendicular​ skeleton? -Skull -Ribs -Legs -Arms

Legs

Upon arrival at the scene of a motor vehicle collision, you find a vehicle that is on fire. The fire is confined to the engine compartment and the hood is tightly closed. Of the following, which is the BEST course of action? Selected Answer: Let the fire burn and concentrate on extricating the patient.Answers:Discharge a dry chemical fire extinguisher onto the patient's clothing to protect him from the fire. Let the fire burn and concentrate on extricating the patient.Use a long-handled pry-bar to open the hood and put out the fire with a fire extinguisher.Wet the interior of the vehicle to keep the fire from spreading.

Let the fire burn and concentrate on extricating the patient.

You are at the scene of a motor vehicle collision in which a single vehicle has collided with a tree. You note that the driver's side air bag has deployed. Which of the following is recommended by air bag manufacturers? Selected Answer: Lift the air bag and inspect the steering wheel for damage.Answers:Use a portable fan to ventilate the car to remove the powder from the air bag.Sharply strike the front bumper to make sure the second air bag has deployed. Lift the air bag and inspect the steering wheel for damage.Cut away the fabric portion of the air bag to get it out of the way.

Lift the air bag and inspect the steering wheel for damage.

Which of the following structures connect bone ends, making joints more stable? -Cartilage -Ligaments -Tendons -Periosteum

Ligaments

What organ in the abdomen is MOST commonly injured by blunt trauma and can bleed profusely enough to threaten the​ patient's life? -Stomach -Kidneys -Liver -Spleen

Liver

Which of the following is a solid abdominal​ organ? -Liver -Stomach -Gallbladder -Appendix

Liver

Which of the following is a vascular organ in the abdomen that can produce blood loss quickly enough to result in life-threatening hemorrhage following high mechanism of injury blunt trauma? -Intestines -Liver -Pancreas -Kidneys

Liver

You arrive on scene to a​ 34-year-old male gunshot victim lying in his living room​ disoriented, pale,​ cool, and diaphoretic with shallow respirations. You note blood on his shirt at the chest and​ abdomen, and the puncture wound appears to be through the chest. What is your FIRST priority in treating this​ patient? -Use an emergency move to place the patient on the cot and transfer to the ambulance. -Locate the gunshot wound on the chest and place your gloved hand over the injury. -Locate the gunshot wound on the chest and retrieve an occlusive dressing from your responder bag. -Administer​ high-flow oxygen via a​ non-rebreather mask.

Locate the gunshot wound on the chest and place your gloved hand over the injury.

Which of the following is included in emergency care of a patient with a​ heat-related emergency who has​ moist, pale-to-normal​ skin? -Loosening or removing clothing to cool the patient -Placing the patient in​ Fowler's position -Giving the patient water for nausea or cramps -Immersing the patient in a tub of cold water with ice

Loosening or removing clothing to cool the patient

Renal Failure

Loss of the kidney's ability to filter the blood and remove toxins and excess fluid from the body.

Coagulopathy

Loss of the normal ability to form a blood clot with internal or external bleeding.

Which of the following is NOT a typical indication of congestive heart failure (CHF)? -Low blood pressure -Wet sounding breath sounds -Productive cough -Increased heart rate

Low blood pressure

Which of the following changes commonly occurs in the cardiovascular system during anaphylaxis? -Low blood pressure due to bradycardia -Low blood pressure due to vasodilation -High blood pressure due to tachycardia -High blood pressure due to vasoconstriction

Low blood pressure due to vasodilation

Which of the following is a common medical cause for behavioral changes in a​ patient? -High blood sugar -Low blood sugar -Slow heart rate -Rapid capillary refill

Low blood sugar

Which of the following disinfectants or procedures would be appropriate for cleaning and killing germs on ambulance floors and​ walls? -Sterilization -High level -Low level -Intermediate level

Low level

If your crew is the first to arrive on the scene of a major​ MCI, what will be a major aspect of your scene​ size-up? -Make an initial scene report to the communications center. -Prevent uncoordinated or undirected activity at the scene. -Make a sweep to determine what needs must be met. -Control​ on-scene communication as help arrives.

Make a sweep to determine what needs must be met.

You are dispatched to a suicide attempt. You arrive to find a 16-year-old, who is extremely agitated and pacing up and down in the living room of his house. Apparently, he had threatened to go out, get a gun, and shoot himself. The parents called it in as an attempted suicide. The scene is safe and there are apparently no weapons accessible to the patient. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate in caring for this patient? -Do not isolate yourself from your partner or other sources of help. -Always be on the watch for weapons. -Do not take any action that may be considered threatening by the patient. To do so may bring about hostile behavior directed against you or others. -Make certain the patient gets between you and the door. The patient should always feel he has an escape route.

Make certain the patient gets between you and the door. The patient should always feel he has an escape route.

Which of the following is acceptable when managing the patient with a behavioral or psychiatric emergency? -Allow family members to confront the patient about his behavior. -Make supportive statements such as, "That must have been very hard for you." -Go along with the patient's hallucinations or false beliefs. -Sit as close to the patient as you can to reassure him that you will not abandon him.

Make supportive statements such as, "That must have been very hard for you."

Which of the following is acceptable when managing the patient with a behavioral or psychiatric emergency? -Allow family members to confront the patient about his behavior. -Sit as close to the patient as you can to reassure him that you will not abandon him. -Go along with the patient's hallucinations or false beliefs. -Make supportive statements such as, "That must have been very hard for you."

Make supportive statements such as, "That must have been very hard for you."

You are called to the scene of an attempted suicide. You arrive to find a 25-year-old man sitting on the sofa who apparently cut his wrists. Family members have bandaged them, and there does not appear to be any bleeding risk at this time. The scene is secure. Which action would you NOT take in treating this patient? -Contact the receiving hospital and report on current mental status and other essential information. -As soon as possible, perform a history and physical exam and provide emergency care on the wrist, if necessary. -Make sure you take charge of the situation. Let the patient know that what he has done is wrong. Tell him he is coming with you whether he likes it or not. Do not worry about gaining the patient's confidence. Take charge. The patient must know that you are the boss. -Perform a detailed physical exam only if it is safe and you suspect the patient may have an injury.

Make sure you take charge of the situation. Let the patient know that what he has done is wrong. Tell him he is coming with you whether he likes it or not. Do not worry about gaining the patient's confidence. Take charge. The patient must know that you are the boss.

You are called to the scene of an attempted suicide. You arrive to find a 25-year-old man sitting on the sofa who apparently cut his wrists. Family members have bandaged them, and there does not appear to be any bleeding risk at this time. The scene is secure. Which action would you NOT take in treating this patient? -Contact the receiving hospital and report on current mental status and other essential information. -As soon as possible, perform a history and physical exam and provide emergency care on the wrist, if necessary. -Make sure you take charge of the situation. Let the patient know that what he has done is wrong. Tell him he is coming with you whether he likes it or not. Do not worry about gaining the patient's confidence. Take charge. The patient must know that you are the boss. -Perform a detailed physical exam only if it is safe and you suspect the patient may have an injury.

Make sure you take charge of the situation. Let the patient know that what he has done is wrong. Tell him he is coming with you whether he likes it or not. Do not worry about gaining the patient's confidence. Take charge. The patient must know that you are the boss.

You have been called to the local jail for a patient who has made several superficial lacerations on the wrists. The patient has been disarmed but is still threatening to commit suicide. What should you​ do? -Try to convince the patient that suicide is not the answer. -Avoid visual or verbal contact with the patient. -Make the lacerations on the​ patient's wrists your primary concern. -Tell the patient that you are not trained in suicide counseling.

Make the lacerations on the​ patient's wrists your primary concern.

Which of the following is a vague symptom that should be taken​ seriously? -Chest pain -Malaise -Headache -Chills

Malaise

Which of the following is a strategy to maintain an occlusive dressing to bloody or diaphoretic skin? -Wrap the dressing circumferentially with gauze. -Do not use adhesive tape. -Manually maintain pressure. -Do not use occlusive dressings in this case.

Manually maintain pressure.

What is a primary problem when treating musculoskeletal injuries? -All musculoskeletal injuries are life threatening due to the bone bleeding, leading to hypoperfusion. -Most musculoskeletal injuries are simply splinted and not a life threat to the patient. -Many musculoskeletal injuries have a grotesque appearance, and the EMT cannot be distracted from life-threatening conditions by a deformed limb. -Splints do not adequately fit the patient's extremities and must be modified with padding to ensure immobilization.

Many musculoskeletal injuries have a grotesque appearance, and the EMT cannot be distracted from life-threatening conditions by a deformed limb.

Which statement below is NOT true about seizures? -The most common seizure that EMTs are likely to be called on is a tonic-clonic seizure. -Many seizures are followed by an aura. -A generalized seizure affects the entire brain. -A partial seizure affects one part, or one side, of the brain.

Many seizures are followed by an aura.

As you inspect the perineum of a woman in labor to check for​ crowning, the water breaks. You note that it is colored a​ pea-green. What does that finding​ indicate? -Meconium staining -Preterm labor -Stillbirth -Multiple birth

Meconium staining

When auscultating the lateral lung fields of an​ infant, what is the preferred​ position? -Apical -Mid-axillary -Posterior -Inferior

Mid-axillary

You are assessing a​ 47-year-old female involved in a​ single-car rollover motor vehicle collision. Which of the following findings would MOST likely signify a high risk of spinal​ injury? -Midline spinal pain -The mechanism of injury -Pain along both flanks -Lateral neck pain

Midline spinal pain

Concussion

Mild closed head injury without detectable damage to the brain. Complete recovery is usually expected but effects may linger for weeks, months, or even years.

Hallucinogens

Mind-affecting or mind-altering drugs that act on the central nervous system to produce excitement and distortion of perceptions.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about​ self-protection at a radiological​ event? -Minimizing time in the affected area will reduce the potential for injury. -Longer exposure increases the​ body's defense mechanisms. -Every person reacts differently to​ radiation, and duration of exposure is not a factor. -Injury from radiation is​ immediate, and duration is not a factor.

Minimizing time in the affected area will reduce the potential for injury.

On assessment of the midsection of a 32-year-old male who was struck by a car, you find an abdominal evisceration with several loops of his large intestine exposed. The abdomen appears to have a clean-cut laceration and the bleeding is controlled. Which of the following is the BEST approach toward managing the exposed intestines? -Gently replace the intestines after moistening with sterile saline solution. -Moisten a sterile dressing with saline solution and cover the abdominal contents. -Leave the abdominal contents in the place in which they were found and transport immediately. -Cover the abdomen with an occlusive dressing of aluminum foil.

Moisten a sterile dressing with saline solution and cover the abdominal contents.

Which of the following is of greatest concern for the EMT in the prehospital care of a woman with vaginal bleeding? -Finding out if the patient is currently sexually active -Monitoring for hypovolemic shock -Preventing infection -Obtaining a thorough gynecological history

Monitoring for hypovolemic shock

Multiple trauma

More than one serious injury.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about insect bites and​ stings? -Most insect bites and stings are considered minor unless the patient has an allergic reaction. -The possibility of death or crippling injury from a scorpion bite is extremely high. -Most people who are stung by an insect develop an anaphylactic reaction. -Twenty percent of the population will have an allergic reaction to insect stings and bites.

Most insect bites and stings are considered minor unless the patient has an allergic reaction.

Which of the following statements is true regarding helicopter transport? -Pressure changes do not affect equipment such as PASG, ET tubes, and so on. -Patient care is seldom affected during the flight. -Most treatment should be done prior to loading the patient. -Helicopter transport is relatively inexpensive.

Most treatment should be done prior to loading the patient.

Which of the following is the HIGHEST priority in managing a patient with a​ heat-related emergency? -Remove as much of the​ patient's clothing as possible. -Mist the patient with water and fan the patient. -Apply​ high-flow oxygen by nonrebreather mask. -Move the patient to a cool environment.

Move the patient to a cool environment.

If a​ hearing-impaired patient is having difficulty understanding you while you are seated behind the patient in the​ ambulance, which of the following actions is​ recommended? -Call the receiving facility to arrange for a sign language interpreter. -Proceed directly to the physical assessment. -Shout. -Move to where the patient can see your face.

Move to where the patient can see your face.

Paradoxical motion

Movement of ribs in a flail segment that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest cavity.

Which of the following techniques in caring for a patient with a stress reaction is LEAST helpful in managing the​ situation? -Moving through your assessment quickly to ease the​ patient's tension -Displaying a​ genuine, empathetic approach to the​ patient's concerns -Gaining the​ patient's full attention by speaking to him or her in a calm voice -Having the patient take​ deep, slow breaths to help induce calm

Moving through your assessment quickly to ease the​ patient's tension

How frequently does the majority of peritoneal dialysis require treatment? -Multiple treatments a day -Once a week -Once a day -Three to five times a week

Multiple treatments a day

How frequently does the majority of peritoneal dialysis require treatment? -Once a week -Multiple treatments a day -Once a day -Three to five times a week

Multiple treatments a day

Strain

Muscle injury resulting from overstretching or overexertion of the muscle.

Which of the following is NOT a cause of parietal pain? -Inflammation -Muscle spasm -Infection -Bleeding into the abdominal cavity

Muscle spasm

Chemical cold packs are carried on the ambulance for treatment of which of the following? -Snake bites -Seizures -Musculoskeletal injuries -Abdominal pain

Musculoskeletal injuries

Which warning placard is​ diamond-shaped and divided into four smaller​ diamonds? -DOT hazard label -Material data safety sheet​ (MSDS) -UN Globally Harmonized System -NFPA 704 System

NFPA 704 System

Some states use the standard of which of the following organizations for their​ ambulances? -NAEMSE -NFPA standards -AAA -NREMT

NFPA standards

Which of the following is NOT used to stabilize a vehicle involved in a​ collision? -Cribbing -Nader pin -Strut -Step chock

Nader pin

Which of the following are you MOST likely to administer for a narcotic overdose​ patient? -Morphine -Naloxone -Activated charcoal -Syrup of Ipecac

Naloxone

OxyContin is an example of which of the following types of drugs? -Antidepressant -Narcotic -Barbiturate -Appetite suppressant

Narcotic

A​ 15-year-old male has hives and GI distress after ingesting eggs. Medical control has ordered administration of an epinephrine​ auto-injector: Which of the following findings would be an expected side effect of this​ drug? -Nausea -Excessive hunger -Muscle cramps -Drowsiness

Nausea

Which of the following is a common sign and symptom in poisonings of all types? -Nausea and vomiting -Headache and diaphoresis -Pain and diaphoresis -Dizziness and palpitations

Nausea and vomiting

You are called by law enforcement to evaluate a toddler who was found alone in an apartment. Neighbors state that the child is often left home alone. What form of abuse is​ this? -Psychological abuse -Physical abuse -Neglect -Emotional abuse

Neglect

Which of the following conditions increases the risk of​ diabetes, heart​ attack, stroke, and sleep​ apnea? -Hyperthyroid -Obesity -Cerebral palsy -Osteoporosis

Obesity

Which of the following statements is true when talking about neurogenic shock? -Neurogenic shock is the result of the blood vessels decreasing in size. -Neurogenic shock is caused by the blood vessels overfilling with blood, causing leaking into the nerves. -Neurogenic shock is sometimes caused by spinal injuries. -Neurogenic shock is very common in the field.

Neurogenic shock is sometimes caused by spinal injuries.

Which of the following describes the proper position of the patient's head for spinal immobilization? -The "sniffing" position -Chin tilted upward for airway maintenance -Neutral, in-line "eyes forward" position -Stabilized in position found

Neutral, in-line "eyes forward" position

As an​ infant's head emerges during a normal​ delivery, few secretions are present. As the​ infant's body is​ delivered, the infant begins to cry normally. Which of the following statements BEST describes the proper care of the​ infant's airway? -Use mechanical suction with a soft suction catheter to clear the​ infant's nose and mouth of secretions. -No intervention is needed for the airway. Clamp and cut the​ cord, and warm and dry the infant. -To allow all secretions to​ drain, hold the infant with the head lower than the feet for several seconds before drying and warming the infant and cutting the umbilical cord. -Use a bulb syringe to suction first the​ infant's mouth, then the nose.

No intervention is needed for the airway. Clamp and cut the​ cord, and warm and dry the infant.

A 36-year-old male was accidentally shot with a nail gun into the chest. You see the nail, which protrudes about 2 to 3 centimeters from the thorax, when you visualize the injury site. Under which of the following circumstances should you remove the nail from the injury site? -Bleeding from the patient's wound is minimal. -The patient develops a tension pneumothorax. -The patient begins to complain of shortness of breath. -None of these

None of these

A 36-year-old male was accidentally shot with a nail gun into the head. You see the nail, which protrudes about 2 to 3 centimeters from the skull, when you visualize the injury site. Under which of the following circumstances should you remove the nail from the injury site? -Bleeding from the patient's wound is minimal. -The patient develops excessive intracranial pressure (ICP). -The patient begins to complain of shortness of breath. -None of these

None of these

A 36-year-old man has accidentally shot a nail into his thigh while using a nail gun. Under which of the following circumstances should the EMT remove the nail from the injury site? -The nail is less than 2 inches in length. -The patient's distal pulse, motor function, and sensation are intact. -Bleeding from the wound is minimal. -None of these

None of these

Which of the following is a good choice for preventing further injury to a patient during auto extrication? Selected Answer: None of theseAnswers:Disposable blanketSheetPlacing your body over the top of the patient None of these

None of these

Which of the following people is allowed to continue providing patient care when the patient is to be "cleared" for delivery of a shock via the defibrillator? -The EMT performing bag-valve-mask ventilations -The provider who is ventilating the patient, so long as the patient has been intubated by a paramedic so the provider does not directly touch the patient -Anyone in contact with the patient below the level of the patient's knees -None of these

None of these

Your patient was unconscious for an extended period of time as a result of severe hypoglycemia. What is your primary concern for this​ patient? -Nontraumatic brain injury -Malnutrition -Dehydration -Memory loss

Nontraumatic brain injury

In treating open wounds to the neck or​ abdomen, which type of dressing is​ preferred? -Pressure dressing -Occlusive dressing -Universal dressing -Hemostatic dressing

Occlusive dressing

pediatric

Of or pertaining to a patient who has yet to reach puberty.

Which of the following is typical of angina pectoris? -Does not respond to nitroglycerin -Often subsides with rest -Does not present following stress -Lasts 10 to 30 seconds

Often subsides with rest

Your pregnant patient is in the third trimester. You have ruled out possible cervical spine injury. How should you transport the​ patient? -Supine -On her left side -In the Trendelenburg position -Prone

On her left side

You are treating a 38-year-old female patient with abdominal distress. The patient's vital signs are stable and you are getting ready to transport. What is the BEST position to transport the patient? -Left lateral -Trendelenburg -Right lateral -On side with knees bent

On side with knees bent

If you must try to pull a victim in the water to safety with your​ hand, how should you be​ positioned? -Seated with legs crossed -Bent forward about 45 degrees -Standing erect -On your stomach

On your stomach

You are on scene to a​ 31-year-old female with bleeding from the medial aspect of her right upper arm. Emergency medical responders on scene applied a tourniquet. As you inspect the​ wound, you decide that a tourniquet is unnecessary. What are the proper steps for removing the​ tourniquet? -Elevate the extremity and remove the tourniquet quickly. -Once a tourniquet has been​ placed, you should remove it within 30 minutes. -Once a tourniquet has been​ placed, you should not remove it unless approved by medical direction. -Lower the extremity and remove the tourniquet slowly.

Once a tourniquet has been​ placed, you should not remove it unless approved by medical direction.

Exchange

One cycle of filling and draining the peritoneal cavity in peritoneal dialysis.

In what position should the patient complaining of severe abdominal pain be placed if there are no signs or symptoms of shock? -One of comfort -Left lateral recumbent -Supine with feet elevated -Semi-Fowler with knees bent

One of comfort

In what position should the patient complaining of severe abdominal pain be placed if there are no signs or symptoms of shock? -Semi-Fowler with knees bent -Left lateral recumbent -Supine with feet elevated -One of comfort

One of comfort

In what position should the patient complaining of severe abdominal pain be placed if there are no signs or symptoms of shock? -Semi-Fowler with knees bent -Supine with feet elevated -One of comfort -Left lateral recumbent

One of comfort

In what position should the patient complaining of severe abdominal pain be placed if there are no signs or symptoms of shock? -Supine with feet elevated -Left lateral recumbent -Semi-Fowler with knees bent -One of comfort

One of comfort

Multisystem trauma

One or more injuries that affect more than one body system.

When is the transfer of care at the receiving hospital​ completed? -Only when a report has been given and an equal or higher medical authority has accepted patient care -Once the patient has been transferred to a hospital bed -After completion of the hospital admissions process -As soon as the patient is physically on the​ hospital's property

Only when a report has been given and an equal or higher medical authority has accepted patient care

Which of the following BEST describes an evisceration? -Epidermis that is scraped away by a rough surface -Flap of skin that is partially or completely torn away from the underlying tissue -Open wound of the abdomen from which organs protrude -Accumulation of blood beneath the skin, resulting in swelling

Open wound of the abdomen from which organs protrude

You are assigned to the triage unit at an​ MCI, and you are going from patient to​ patient, assigning triage categories. Which of the following interventions is acceptable in this phase of the​ process? -Performing​ bag-valve mask ventilations -Splinting fractures -Performing spinal immobilization -Opening the airway

Opening the airway

Which of the following is NOT an OTTO​ sign? -Timing of the event -Operational use -Type of event -Occupancy or location

Operational use

You are treating a patient with signs and symptoms of a myocardial infarction (MI). What is the most important drug you should administer? -Aspirin -Oxygen -Albuterol -Epinephrine auto-injector (Epi-Pen®)

Oxygen

When transporting a patient who is morbidly obese to the hospital, it is important to monitor which of the following vital signs? -Pulse rate -Blood glucose level -Blood pressure -Oxygen saturation

Oxygen saturation

You are treating a patient in his​ mid-50s who is complaining of acute abdominal distress. When should you consider the use of oxygen​ therapy? -Oxygen is appropriate for any patient with abdominal pain. -Oxygen should not be administered until you consult medical direction. -Oxygen therapy is appropriate if there are signs of hypoxia. -Oxygen therapy is inappropriate for patients with abdominal pain

Oxygen therapy is appropriate if there are signs of hypoxia.

You are on-scene with a 48-year-old unresponsive male patient. Bystanders state he complained of chest pain and then suddenly collapsed. Vital signs are blood pressure 68/42, pulse 36, and respiratory rate 3. He is unresponsive to painful stimuli. After performing the primary assessment and treating all life threats, what is your next intervention? -Package the patient for rapid transport. -Administer high-concentration oxygen at 15 lpm by bag-valve mask. -Apply the AED. -Insert an oral airway.

Package the patient for rapid transport.

Weaponization

Packaging or producing a material, such as a chemical, biological, or radiological agent, so that it can be used as a weapon; for example, by dissemination in a bomb detonation or as an aerosol sprayed over an area or introduced into a ventilation system.

Referred pain

Pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates.

Your patient is a 27-year-old male who has been involved in a motorcycle collision in which he was not wearing a helmet. He does not respond when you speak to him, but he makes incomprehensible sounds when you press your knuckles on his sternum. Which of the following BEST describes his level of consciousness? -Verbal -Alert -Unresponsive -Painful

Painful

Patients with a history of chronic sickle cell anemia (SCA) may present with which of the following signs and symptoms? -Pale appearance and dyspnea on exertion -Flushed appearance and shortness of breath -Yellowing of the skin and dyspnea on exertion -Bluish discoloration of the skin and shortness of breath

Pale appearance and dyspnea on exertion

You are assessing a​ 34-year-old female patient complaining of right lower quadrant pain. What is the proper technique to assess her​ abdomen? -Press into the left upper quadrant with the palm of your hands. -Palpate deeply in order to thoroughly evaluate abnormalities in the abdomen. -Palpate the right lower quadrant last. -Palpate the right lower quadrant first.

Palpate the right lower quadrant last.

Which of the following is the BEST description of a safety data sheet​ (SDS)? -A resource book published by the U.S. Department of Transportation for referencing hazardous materials -A placard that must be attached to a fixed container of hazardous materials -Papers kept on site with hazardous chemicals -Papers that must accompany hazardous materials during transport

Papers kept on site with hazardous chemicals

A method of assessing compromise to an extremity when a musculoskeletal injury is suspected is to learn and follow the six Ps. Which of the items below is NOT one of the six Ps? -Pain -Parenthesis -Pallor -Paresthesia

Parenthesis

A method of assessing compromise to an extremity when a musculoskeletal injury is suspected, is to learn and follow the six P's. Which of the items below is NOT one of the six P's? -Parenthesis -Pallor -Pain -Paresthesia

Parenthesis

What type pain is also referred to as peritoneal​ tenderness? -Referred pain -Visceral pain -Parietal pain -Tearing pain

Parietal pain

Which of the following interventions is indicated for all hypothermic​ patients? -Heat packs to neck and armpits -Active rewarming -Passive rewarming -Heat packs to the extremities

Passive rewarming

You respond to the scene of a 14-year-old patient. He is unresponsive and hypothermic. Emergency Medical Responders have moved the patient inside and secured the airway prior to your arrival. What is your next action? -Passively rewarm the patient. -Vigorously rub the patient to increase the body temperature. -Actively rewarm the patient. -Assess for signs of frostbite and treat immediately.

Passively rewarm the patient.

At what point would you MOST likely become aware that the intake of alcohol is aggravating a​ patient's chronic​ pancreatitis? -Scene​ size-up -Primary assessment -Past medical history -History of the present illness

Past medical history

Routes of entry

Pathways into the body, generally by absorption, ingestion, injection, or inhalation.

Your patient presents with abdominal guarding. Which of the following is likeliest to be how this patient is​ presenting? -Patients holds out one hand in stop gesture -Patient turns away -Patient draws arms down across the abdomen -Patient backs away

Patient draws arms down across the abdomen

You arrive on scene to a​ 54-year-old male complaining of abdominal pain. He states he does not want to go to the hospital but simply wants you to check his vital signs. As you assess your​ patient, which assessment finding would lead you to believe he is suffering an acute myocardial​ infarction? -Right upper quadrant pain persistent for the past 2 days -Right upper quadrant pain unrelieved by position -Patient states​ dull, cramping pain in his​ mid-upper abdomen -Flank pain radiating to the groin

Patient states​ dull, cramping pain in his​ mid-upper abdomen

Which trauma patient is the most critical? -Patient with decerebrate posturing -Patient who withdraws to painful stimuli -Patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 7 -Patient with decorticate posturing

Patient with decerebrate posturing

When restraining a patient, which of the following is NOT a consideration? -How to position the patient -Patient's informed consent -Number of people available to carry out the required actions -Patient's size and strength

Patient's informed consent

When restraining a patient, which of the following is NOT a consideration? -Patient's informed consent -Number of people available to carry out the required actions -How to position the patient -Patient's size and strength

Patient's informed consent

You are attending to an end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patient who has missed dialysis. Which of the following statements is most accurate? -Patients who have missed dialysis and who become unresponsive and pulseless do not respond very well to the use of an AED. -Patients who have missed dialysis and who become unresponsive and pulseless respond very well to the use of an AED. -You should delay transport if necessary to wait for ALS. -Calling for ALS would not be very helpful since they cannot really do anything that an EMT cannot do in these situations.

Patients who have missed dialysis and who become unresponsive and pulseless do not respond very well to the use of an AED.

You are attending to an end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patient who has missed dialysis. Which of the following statements is most accurate? -Patients who have missed dialysis and who become unresponsive and pulseless respond very well to the use of an AED. -Patients who have missed dialysis and who become unresponsive and pulseless do not respond very well to the use of an AED. -Calling for ALS would not be very helpful since they cannot really do anything that an EMT cannot do in these situations. -You should delay transport if necessary to wait for ALS.

Patients who have missed dialysis and who become unresponsive and pulseless do not respond very well to the use of an AED.

Which of the following foods is MOST likely to cause a severe allergic​ reaction? -Celery -Rice -Beets -Peanuts

Peanuts

Which of the following terms refers to swelling of the lower extremities seen in many cardiac patients? -Pedal edema -Presacral swelling -Congestive heart failure -Crackles

Pedal edema

Which of the following is MOST likely to cause​ anaphylaxis? -Morphine -Penicillin -Dextrose -Nitroglycerin

Penicillin

You respond to a shopping​ mall, where you find a​ 13-year-old male unconscious on the floor. His friends tell you that he was​ "huffing." He is breathing about six times a​ minute, with a pulse of 50. What should be your MOST immediate course of​ action? -Perform a physical exam. -Perform a primary assessment and provide basic life support measures if required. -Transport the patient. -Treat the patient for shock.

Perform a primary assessment and provide basic life support measures if required.

You are called to the scene of a 17-year-old female patient who is unresponsive. Her mother suspects that she tried to commit suicide by taking her pain pills. The patient is unresponsive to painful stimuli, has agonal respirations, and has vomited. She has a weak carotid pulse. After securing the airway and providing oxygen by bag-valve mask, what is your next action? -Perform a focused assessment. -Ask the mother the name of her pain medication. -Question the mother about the patient's suicidal tendencies. -Perform a rapid physical examination of the patient.

Perform a rapid physical examination of the patient.

When providing emergency care to an aggressive or hostile patient, what is the highest priority? -Finding out if the patient is oriented to person, time, and place -Performing a scene size-up -Calming the patient down -Checking the patient for possible physical causes of the behavior

Performing a scene size-up

When providing emergency care to an aggressive or hostile patient, what is the highest priority? -Finding out if the patient is oriented to person, time, and place -Performing a scene size-up -Checking the patient for possible physical causes of the behavior -Calming the patient down

Performing a scene size-up

Which of the following always precedes removing a patient from a vehicle unless delay would endanger the​ patient's life or that of EMS personnel or other​ rescuers? -Providing care such as splinting fractures -Taking a patient history -Performing the primary assessment -Completing a​ head-to-toe assessment

Performing the primary assessment

Which of the following BEST describes the delivery of oxygen and nutrients at the body's cellular level? -Osmosis -Circulation -Hydrostatic pressure -Perfusion

Perfusion

In shock​ states, what general principle can be observed regarding​ perfusion? -Perfusion in some areas is inadequate because the circulatory system malfunctions. -Perfusion is increased in all regions of the body. -Increased perfusion to the core circulation is accomplished by vasodilation in the periphery. -Perfusion is enhanced in shock by increased heart rate and an expansion of blood vessels to reduce resistance.

Perfusion in some areas is inadequate because the circulatory system malfunctions.

Which of the following systems includes the pairs of nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between each pair of vertebrae? -Peripheral nervous system -Central nervous system -Autonomic nervous system -All of these

Peripheral nervous system

Patients who dialyze at home are at high risk for what type of infection? -Fistula infection -Cellulitis -Decubitus ulcers -Peritonitis

Peritonitis

Patients who dialyze at home are at high risk for what type of infection? -Fistula infection -Decubitus ulcers -Peritonitis -Cellulitis

Peritonitis

Which of the following is a common complication of peritoneal​ dialysis? -Dislodgement of the AV fistula -Development of thrill at the AV fistula site -Peritonitis -Hypothermia

Peritonitis

Transportation supervisor

Person responsible for communicating with sector officers and hospitals to manage transportation of patients to hospitals from a multiple-casualty incident.

Staging supervisor

Person responsible for overseeing ambulances and ambulance personnel at a multiple-casualty incident.

Treatment supervisor

Person responsible for overseeing treatment of patients who have been triaged at a multiple-casualty incident.

According to the​ CDC, which of the following factors should be taken into consideration in triaging a trauma​ patient? -Patient age -Distance from a trauma center -Physiological criteria -Availability of an air ambulance

Physiological criteria

What trauma triage guidelines did the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) release in order to guide the most injured patients into trauma centers? Selected Answer: Physiological determinants, anatomic criteria, and mechanism of injuryAnswers:Lights, sirens, and diesel Physiological determinants, anatomic criteria, and mechanism of injuryTeamwork, timing, and transportDetermining patient priority, amount of time on-scene, and hospital transport decision

Physiological determinants, anatomic criteria, and mechanism of injury

Which of the following is the proper method of disposing of a used epinephrine auto-injector? -Bend the needle at an angle to prevent accidental punctures and place it in the trash. -Take it to the hospital for disposal in the emergency department. -Place the device in a rigid biohazardous sharps disposal container. -Leave it at the scene for the patient or his family to dispose of.

Place the device in a rigid biohazardous sharps disposal container.

You are dispatched to a private residence for a sick person. When you arrive you are told by the patient that due to the snow storm yesterday he missed his scheduled appointment at the dialysis center and is not feeling well. Your assessment does not reveal anything remarkable outside of the fact that he has missed his dialysis. Which of the steps below would NOT be part of your care? -When you obtain vital signs, obtain a blood pressure on an arm that does not have a fistula. -Administer oxygen at 15 lpm by nonrebreather mask. -Assess the ABCs. -Place the patient in a supine position.

Place the patient in a supine position.

Your patient is pregnant at 20 weeks' gestation and has been thrown from a horse. She is complaining of back pain. Which of the following is the correct procedure for immobilizing her spine? Selected Answer: Place the patient supine on the backboard, then put a pillow under the right side of the backboard.Answers:Place the patient supine on the backboard. Place the patient supine on the backboard, then put a pillow under the right side of the backboard.Place the patient on her left side on the backboard.Use a short immobilization device and transport the patient in a sitting position.

Place the patient supine on the backboard, then put a pillow under the right side of the backboard.

In managing an open wound to the​ neck, what actions can you take while waiting for occlusive dressings to be obtained or​ opened? -Place a​ standard, sterile 4×4 gauze pad over the wound. -Place your gloved hand over the wound to close it off from air entry. -Apply direct pressure to the open wound with two fingers. -Apply oxygen via a nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm.

Place your gloved hand over the wound to close it off from air entry.

What is the temporary organ of pregnancy, which functions to supply the developing fetus with oxygen and nutrients? -Cervix -Amnion -Placenta -Uterus

Placenta

Joints

Places where bones articulate, or meet.

Your patient is a 21-year-old male who has a gunshot wound to the chest. Which of the following is the highest priority in managing this patient? -Placing a pressure dressing over the wound to control bleeding -Placing an occlusive dressing over the wound -Performing a rapid trauma assessment -Placing the patient in the shock position

Placing an occlusive dressing over the wound

Which of the following is an appropriate infection control measure to be taken at the completion of a​ call? -Placing soiled linens in an approved dirty linen bag or hamper -Using​ high-level disinfectant for all ambulances surfaces -Using gel hand sanitizer to clean your hands -Placing​ blood-saturated dressings and disposable items in regular hospital waste containers

Placing soiled linens in an approved dirty linen bag or hamper

A drug that is commonly used to inhibit platelet​ aggregation, especially in heart​ patients, is: -Plavix. -Prilosec. -Procardia. -Premarin.

Plavix.

Inhaled poisons

Poisons that are breathed in.

Injected poisons

Poisons that are inserted through the skin, for example by needle, snake fangs, or insect stinger.

Ingested poisons

Poisons that are swallowed.

Absorbed poisons

Poisons that are taken into the body through unbroken skin.

Which of the following findings during your primary assessment would be MOST suggestive of a brain​ injury? -Partial airway obstruction -Difficulty in breathing -Rapid, weak pulse -Poor responsiveness to verbal stimuli

Poor responsiveness to verbal stimuli

You have administered activated charcoal to your patient. What should you do​ next? -Continue with administration of activated charcoal. -Position the patient for vomiting and be prepared to suction the airway. -Apply​ high-concentration oxygen via a​ non-rebreather mask. -Immediately begin chest compressions.

Position the patient for vomiting and be prepared to suction the airway.

It is important that, as an EMS provider, you avoid creating a situation where positional asphyxia could occur. Which of the following is positional asphyxia? -Positional asphyxia is inadequate breathing or respiratory arrest caused by a body position that restricts breathing. -Positional asphyxia is the position the person is seated in when you approach him. -Positional asphyxia is the name for the position someone assumes after she has been hit with a taser. -Positional asphyxia is a birth defect that causes psychiatric issues and is initiated because of the way the fetus was positioned in the uterus.

Positional asphyxia is inadequate breathing or respiratory arrest caused by a body position that restricts breathing.

Your patient is a 55-year-old male who was found in the parking lot behind a tavern. He states that he was assaulted and robbed by three individuals. He is complaining of being "hit in the face and kicked and punched in his ribs and stomach." Your examination reveals contusions and swelling around both eyes, bleeding from the nose, a laceration of his upper lip, and multiple contusions of the chest, abdomen, and flanks. Which of the following should cause the greatest concern regarding the prehospital care of this patient? -Potential internal injuries -Getting a description of the assailants -The presence of any defensive wounds the patient may have sustained -The swelling around his eyes, which may be reduced by applying a cold pack

Potential internal injuries

Which of the following statements about calls for patients with special challenges is​ TRUE? -EMTs should be knowledgeable about the use and maintenance of all advanced medical devices that may be found in the home. -Prehospital providers are faced with a growing number of calls for patients with devices and conditions that EMTs did not previously encounter. -Only ALS providers are trained to handle calls for patients with special challenges. -Advances in medicine are decreasing the number of calls for patients with special challenges.

Prehospital providers are faced with a growing number of calls for patients with devices and conditions that EMTs did not previously encounter.

Which phase of an ambulance call is characterized by receiving a report from the off-going shift and checking the functionality of equipment? -Preparing for the ambulance call -Transferring the patient to the ambulance -Receiving and responding to a call -Terminating the call

Preparing for the ambulance call

Which of the following phases of extrication comes before the other three phrases? Selected Answer: Preparing for the rescueAnswers:Recognizing and managing hazardsSizing up the situationGaining access to the patient Preparing for the rescue

Preparing for the rescue

Which of the following age groups typically do not like being separated from their​ parents? -Preschoolers -School age -Newborns -Adolescents

Preschoolers

Intercranial pressure (ICP)

Pressure inside the the skull.

Which of the following may indicate the need for neonatal​ resuscitation? -Preterm delivery -A previous​ C-section -Term delivery -Lack of visible meconium

Preterm delivery

Certain drugs are commonly referred as "blood thinners" or drugs that inhibit clotting. Which of the following would NOT be considered such a drug? -Aspirin -Prilosec -Lovenox (enoxaparin) -Coumadin (warfarin)

Prilosec

What should be your FIRST phase of assessment of a patient with a behavioral emergency after you complete the scene​ size-up? -Primary survey -Behavioral assessment test -Vitals -History and SAMPLE

Primary survey

Using START triage guidelines, a patient on the scene of a mass-causality incident who is not breathing initially, but begins breathing when the airway is open, is deemed a ________ patient. Selected Answer: Priority 1Answers:Priority 2 Priority 1Priority 0Priority 3

Priority 1

Which of the following statements about decisions made by the transportation unit at an MCI is​ TRUE? -Ambulatory patients may be sent to a hospital on a bus without EMS personnel. -Priority 1 patients should be transported​ first, immediately after treatment. -High-priority patients should all be transported to the same hospital. -Each ambulance should radio the receiving hospital with a detailed patient report.

Priority 1 patients should be transported​ first, immediately after treatment.

You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Triage this patient based on this scenario:Patient #2 is an 8-year-old male with the following vital signs: respirations 10, pulse 102, and alert mental status with warm dry skin. Selected Answer: Priority 1, red tagAnswers:Priority 2, yellow tagPriority 4, black tag Priority 3, green tagPriority 1, red tag

Priority 3, green tag

Which of the following has the HIGHEST priority at a hazardous materials​ incident? -Decontaminating​ clothing, equipment, and the vehicle -Immediately removing patients from a hazardous area -Providing patient care -Protecting the safety of all rescuers and patients

Protecting the safety of all rescuers and patients

The skin serves which of the following​ functions? -Gas exchange -RBC production -Protection -Respiration

Protection

Which of the following is the BEST initial intervention for a patient who has inhaled a poison? -Perform abdominal thrusts to clear the airway, followed by high-concentration oxygen. -Provide plenty of fresh air and monitor pulse oximetry readings. -Provide a patent airway, ventilation, and high-concentration oxygen. -Transport in a position of comfort and provide oxygen for patients with a decreased level of consciousness.

Provide a patent airway, ventilation, and high-concentration oxygen.

Which of the following is the BEST initial intervention for a patient who has inhaled a poison? -Provide plenty of fresh air and monitor pulse oximetry readings. -Transport in a position of comfort and provide oxygen for patients with a decreased level of consciousness. -Provide a patent airway, ventilation, and high-concentration oxygen. -Perform abdominal thrusts to clear the airway, followed by high-concentration oxygen.

Provide a patent airway, ventilation, and high-concentration oxygen.

When you are caring for the victim of multisystem​ trauma, which of the following is LEAST likely to be a part of scene​ treatment? -Stop any serious external hemorrhage. -Ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilations. -Secure an advanced airway. -Provide appropriate fluid resuscitation.

Provide appropriate fluid resuscitation.

Your patient is a 30-year-old female involved in a motorcycle crash. She was not wearing a helmet and struck her head on the pavement. She is unresponsive and has a blood pressure of 152/110 mmHg. Her pulse is 60 beats per minute and respirations are 8 breaths per minute and shallow. Which of the following is an appropriate intervention? -Provide cervical spine immobilization. -Elevate the legs. -Hyperventilate at a rate of 24 breaths per minute using supplemental oxygen. -Apply a pressure dressing to her scalp lacerations.

Provide cervical spine immobilization.

Your patient is a 17-year-old with a history of asthma. She is complaining of pain in her lower abdomen. Assessment reveals that her breath sounds are clear and equal, she has a respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute, a heart rate of 96 beats per minute, and a blood pressure of 112/74 mmHg. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate next step? -Assist the patient in the administration of her metered-dose inhaler. -Have the patient breathe into a paper bag to rebreathe some of her carbon dioxide. -Insert a nasopharyngeal airway in the patient's nose. -Provide high-concentration oxygen.

Provide high-concentration oxygen.

Your patient is a 17-year-old with a history of asthma. She is complaining of pain in her lower abdomen. Assessment reveals that her breath sounds are clear and equal, she has a respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute, a heart rate of 96 beats per minute, and a blood pressure of 112/74 mmHg. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate next step? -Have the patient breathe into a paper bag to rebreathe some of her carbon dioxide. -Provide high-concentration oxygen. -Assist the patient in the administration of her metered-dose inhaler. -Insert a nasopharyngeal airway in the patient's nose.

Provide high-concentration oxygen.

Your patient is a 20-year-old college student who has fallen from a third-level balcony onto a wooden deck below. The patient responds to verbal stimuli, is pale in color with moist skin, and has a very obvious deformity with protruding bone ends of his right forearm. Which of the following is the BEST sequence of intervention for this patient? -Provide manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine along with assessment of breathing, pulse, and the presence of significant hemorrhage; apply high-concentration oxygen; perform a rapid trauma exam; immobilize to a long backboard; and check with medical control about the need to splint the forearm injury prior to transport. -Provide manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine along with assessment of breathing, pulse, and the presence of significant hemorrhage; apply high-concentration oxygen; perform a rapid trauma exam; immobilize to a long backboard; transport; and splint the extremity en route if time and resources allow. -Provide immediate manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine; apply high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask; perform a focused history and assessment; apply the cervical collar; apply a padded board splint, sling, and swathe to the forearm injury; and transport. -Open the airway; assess breathing; check the carotid pulse; splint the forearm injury; immobilize the patient to a long backboard; apply high-concentration oxygen; and transport.

Provide manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine along with assessment of breathing, pulse, and the presence of significant hemorrhage; apply high-concentration oxygen; perform a rapid trauma exam; immobilize to a long backboard; transport; and splint the extremity en route if time and resources allow.

Which of the following actions should you take immediately AFTER gaining access to a patient in a​ vehicle? -Stabilize the vehicle. -Perform a focused history. -Request helicopter EMS. -Provide the primary assessment.

Provide the primary assessment.

Nervous system

Provides overall control of thought, sensation, and the body's voluntary and involuntary motor functions. The components of the nervous system are the brain and spinal cord as well as the nerves that enter and exit the brain and spinal cord and extend to the various parts of the body.

Which of the following is the BEST defense for an EMT when facing allegations of misconduct from a mentally ill patient? -Providing accurate and complete documentation, supported by a third-party witness -Hiring a background investigator to discredit the accuser -Having a clean employment record and lack of a criminal background -Making sure you and your partner get your stories straight before talking to anyone

Providing accurate and complete documentation, supported by a third-party witness

Which of the following is the BEST defense for an EMT when facing allegations of misconduct from a mentally ill patient? -Providing accurate and complete documentation, supported by a third-party witness -Making sure you and your partner get your stories straight before talking to anyone -Having a clean employment record and lack of a criminal background -Hiring a background investigator to discredit the accuser

Providing accurate and complete documentation, supported by a third-party witness

Which of the following activities should NOT occur during the scene size-up? Selected Answer: Providing airway managementAnswers:Determining the mechanism of injuryDetermining the extent of the patient's entrapmentDetermining the need for additional resources Providing airway management

Providing airway management

Artificial ventilation rates

Puberty or older- 10-12 breaths/ minute 1 every 5 seconds Over age 1 to puberty- 12-20 breaths/ minute 1 every 3 seconds Birth to 1 year- 12-20 breaths/ minute 1 every 3 seconds

Retraction

Pulling in of the skin and soft tissue between the ribs when breathing. This is typically a sign of respiratory distress in children.

Which of the following is the name given to the condition in which fluid accumulates in the lungs? -Pedal edema -Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) -Pulmonary edema -Dyspnea

Pulmonary edema

Which type of wound has a small opening into the skin, but may be quite deep, and is often caused by instruments such as nails, ice picks, or pencils? -Incision -Laceration -Puncture -Avulsion

Puncture

Herniation

Pushing of a portion of the brain downward toward the foremen magnum as a result of increased intracranial pressure.

You are dispatched to a local fast-food restaurant for a "nature unknown" call. You arrive on-scene and find a 47-year-old male in front of the counter repeatedly singing "Happy Birthday" to himself. Police are on-scene and the scene is safe. Which of the following would be considered appropriate care? -Quickly approach the patient and take charge. Tell him he has to come with you to be evaluated. -Have your partner join you in approaching the patient and explain to him that he has to stop singing or you will have him arrested. -Quietly and carefully evaluate the situation and keep your emotions under control. Be as unhurried as you can. -Have the police take charge, restrain the patient, and have him brought into your ambulance.

Quietly and carefully evaluate the situation and keep your emotions under control. Be as unhurried as you can.

An unresponsive patient is found sitting in the front seat of a vehicle with his legs pinned under the dash. Once his legs have been freed, which of the following methods should be used for removal of the patient? Selected Answer: Rapid extrication techniqueAnswers:Scoop stretcherQuick extraction Rapid extrication techniqueRapid take-down

Rapid extrication technique

When a patient has significant blood​ loss, which of the following clinical findings would you expect to find that signifies the presence of​ shock? -Calm and relaxed demeanor with mental alertness and verbal responsiveness -Rapid heart rate -Flushed, warm, dry skin -Slowed breathing and a bounding pulse

Rapid heart rate

What is the most important intervention an EMT can perform for an unstable multisystem trauma patient? -Rapid transport -Cervical spine precautions -Airway management -Oxygen

Rapid transport

Which of the following is the HIGHEST priority for your multisystem trauma​ patient? -Thorough documentation -Rapid transport -Management of all secondary injuries -Application of the PASG

Rapid transport

Which of the following principles may help the MOST in ensuring the survival of a patient who is suffering from shock due to massive​ trauma? -Rapid transport to an appropriate facility -Starting oxygen administration at a low concentration and increasing it gradually to the desired levels to avoid hyperoxia -Facilitating immediate transport to the local community hospital -Waiting for the arrival of paramedics so that they can administer IV fluids

Rapid transport to an appropriate facility

Which of the following hazards is represented by the yellow area on an NFPA​ placard? -Oxidation -Reactivity -Flammability -Health

Reactivity

Your patient is a 34-year-old male complaining of pain "in his right side." He is pale and diaphoretic with a heart rate of 90 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure of 132/80 mmHg. The patient is very agitated and anxious. Which approach is most appropriate? -Insert an oropharyngeal airway. -Tell the patient that you cannot transport him unless he calms down and lies still. -Try to determine the cause of his pain. -Reassure him that you will make him as comfortable as possible and get him to the hospital for additional care.

Reassure him that you will make him as comfortable as possible and get him to the hospital for additional care.

Anemia is a lack of what part of the​ blood? -Red blood cell -White blood cell -Platelet -Plasma

Red blood cell

Hives

Red, itchy, possibly raised blotches on the skin that often result from allergic reactions.

While performing night operations, which of the following combinations of lights provide maximum visibility? Selected Answer: Red/amber warning lights ON, headlights OFF, fog lights OFF, and traffic directional boards ONAnswers:Red/amber warning lights ON, headlights ON, fog lights ON, and traffic directional boards ONRed/amber warning lights ON, headlights ON, fog lights OFF, and traffic directional boards ONRed/amber warning lights ON, headlights OFF, fog lights OFF, and traffic directional boards OFF Red/amber warning lights ON, headlights OFF, fog lights OFF, and traffic directional boards ON

Red/amber warning lights ON, headlights OFF, fog lights OFF, and traffic directional boards ON

Which of the following is recommended to increase safety at an elderly​ patient's home? -Keep the temperature as high as possible. -Reduce tripping hazards. -Keep lights on at all times. -Encourage the patient to get a pet.

Reduce tripping hazards.

The most common medical emergency for the diabetic is hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar. Which one of the factors below is NOT a cause of hypoglycemia? -Overexercises or overexerts himself -Takes too much insulin -Reduces sugar intake by eating too much -Vomits a meal

Reduces sugar intake by eating too much

What role does time play in reducing exposure to harm from a terrorist​ incident? -Leaving as late as possible -Reducing time on scene -Arriving as early as possible -Prioritizing time spent on patients

Reducing time on scene

You and your EMT partner are equally trained and have similar experience as EMTs. Your partner suggests that the patient for whom you are caring does not need to have immobilization performed. You feel differently. What would be the best course of​ action? -Call medical direction for expert consultation. -Do not immobilize the patient and discuss it later. -Refer to your local protocol. -Call your supervisor and ask him or her to make the decision.

Refer to your local protocol.

Withdrawal

Referring to alcohol or drug withdrawal in which the patient's body reacts severely when deprived of the abused substance.

What is the primary risk for electrical injury​ patients? -Orthopedic injuries -Paralysis -Respiratory or cardiac arrest -Massive burn injuries

Respiratory or cardiac arrest

Which of the following factors contributes LEAST to the risk of hypothermia for an elderly​ patient? -Retirement -Lack of exercise -Failing body systems -Poor diet

Retirement

Your patient is a 38-year-old male who has taken an overdose of several different medications and has consumed some household cleaning agents as well. On your arrival, the patient only responds to painful stimuli, and has a heart rate of 90 beats per minute with a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute. Medical control orders you to give the patient two to three glasses of milk to drink to dilute the contents of the stomach. Which of the following actions should you do? -Assist the patient in drinking as much of the two to three glasses of milk as he can. -Assist the patient in drinking only one glass of milk to reduce the risk of aspiration. -Refuse the order and explain why. -Ask medical control if you can substitute water for the milk since water will not damage the lungs if aspirated.

Refuse the order and explain why.

Your patient is a 38-year-old male who has taken an overdose of several different medications and has consumed some household cleaning agents as well. On your arrival, the patient only responds to painful stimuli, and has a heart rate of 90 beats per minute with a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute. Medical control orders you to give the patient two to three glasses of milk to drink to dilute the contents of the stomach. Which of the following actions should you do? -Assist the patient in drinking only one glass of milk to reduce the risk of aspiration. -Refuse the order and explain why. -Assist the patient in drinking as much of the two to three glasses of milk as he can. -Ask medical control if you can substitute water for the milk since water will not damage the lungs if aspirated.

Refuse the order and explain why.

What is the legal use of a​ narcotic? -Alteration of mental status -Relief of pain -Mood alteration -Intense relaxation

Relief of pain

The current trend in international terrorism is that it tends to be motivated by which of the following? Selected Answer: ReligionAnswers:Ethics ReligionPoliticsEnvironmental issues

Religion

Which of the following is a measure of radiation​ dosage? -Watt -Rem -Milligram -Milliliter

Rem

The blood has many functions critical to a patient's health. Which one of the listed items below is NOT a function of the blood? -Removal of carbon monoxide from the cells -Removal and delivery of other waste products to organs that provide filtration and removal, such as the kidneys and liver -Control of bleeding by clotting -Delivery of oxygen to the cells

Removal of carbon monoxide from the cells

You are on scene with a​ 24-year-old female car crash victim. During your​ assessment, she tells you that she​ can't feel all of her teeth. You note swelling to the jaw and misaligned teeth. Your primary concern in treating this patient is which of the​ following? -Removing broken teeth from the airway -Identifying the type of Le Fort fracture -Obtaining baseline set of vital signs -Trending the​ patient's vital signs to identify signs of increased intracranial pressure

Removing broken teeth from the airway

Your patient is in severe​ pain, stating that his discomfort radiates from his flank to his groin. You also note that the patient is feeling nausea and cannot find a position of comfort. Based on these assessment​ findings, what is most likely the cause of his​ distress? -Hernia -Appendicitis -Renal colic -GI Bleeding

Renal colic

You are on the scene of a possible overdose. You find a 30-year-old man pacing about his living room. There is evidence of illicit drug use and the apartment is in disarray. The patient seems agitated and nervous. Attempts at calming the patient should include which of the following? -Stand still with your arms crossed to instill a sense of control and authority. -Speak quickly to give the patient all of the important information without delay. -Sit close to him with your arm around his shoulders to show that you are truly concerned. -Repeat part of what the patient is saying to show that you are listening to him.

Repeat part of what the patient is saying to show that you are listening to him.

You are on the scene of a possible overdose. You find a 30-year-old man pacing about his living room. There is evidence of illicit drug use and the apartment is in disarray. The patient seems agitated and nervous. Attempts at calming the patient should include which of the following? -Stand still with your arms crossed to instill a sense of control and authority. -Repeat part of what the patient is saying to show that you are listening to him. -Sit close to him with your arm around his shoulders to show that you are truly concerned. -Speak quickly to give the patient all of the important information without delay.

Repeat part of what the patient is saying to show that you are listening to him.

Your patient is a 28-year-old male who cut his thigh with a chain saw. It appears that he has lost about 600 cc of blood. Which of the following is NOT part of the proper management of this patient? -Replacement of fluid level by giving the patient adequate amounts of water -Use of a tourniquet -Administering oxygen -Using direct pressure to control the bleeding

Replacement of fluid level by giving the patient adequate amounts of water

You respond to a local swim park for a 29-year-old male who was stung by a bee and "passed out." Upon arrival, you find the patient unresponsive to all stimuli with agonal respirations at 6 per minute. You insert an oral airway and administer oxygen at 15 liters per minute by bag-valve mask. You notice that it is difficult to bag the patient. Your partner listens to lung sounds and states they are very diminished in the upper fields and absent in the lower fields. What is the best action? -Request orders from medical control to administer epinephrine. -Request an ALS unit. -Request orders from medical control for an emergency cricothyroidotomy. -Hyperventilate the patient.

Request orders from medical control to administer epinephrine.

Which of the following is needed for effective response to an​ MCI? -On-scene physicians -Media coverage -Public participation -Requesting and managing necessary resources

Requesting and managing necessary resources

Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) is a system that relies on some simple commands and what three physiologic parameters? -Respiration, sensory, and motor status -Circulation, sensory, and motor status -Respiration, pain, and mental status -Respiration, pulse, and mental status

Respiration, pulse, and mental status

Which of the following is the MOST common cause of cardiac arrest in pediatric​ patients? -Overdose of cardiac medications -Congenital structural heart abnormalities -Congenital cardiac conduction defects -Respiratory failure

Respiratory failure

You and your crew are treating a young female who was found unconscious in her kitchen near the back door. After a few minutes of caring for​ her, you feel lightheaded and dizzy. You and your crew all report the onset of headaches and some nausea. What should you​ do? -Place an oxygen mask to your face and order your EMS crew out of the room while you stay and continue to treat the patient to avoid abandonment. -Retreat immediately to fresh​ air, taking the victim with you. -Stay with the victim and wait for specially trained personnel. -Ignore the​ symptoms, as they will likely pass soon.

Retreat immediately to fresh​ air, taking the victim with you.

Which abdominal quadrant contains the appendix? -Left lower -Right lower -Right upper -Left upper

Right lower

Which abdominal quadrant contains the appendix? -Right lower -Left lower -Right upper -Left upper

Right lower

Which abdominal quadrant contains the appendix? -Right lower -Right upper -Left lower -Left upper

Right lower

Which of the following pieces of equipment is acceptable for use in the prehospital stabilization of suspected cervical spine injuries? Selected Answer: Rigid cervical collarsAnswers:2" × 4" wood cribbing Rigid cervical collarsFive-pound sand bagsSoft cervical collars

Rigid cervical collars

All of the following are attributes of a safe ambulance operator EXCEPT which​ one? -Risk taker -Positive attitude -Able to perform under stress -Physically fit

Risk taker

Rem

Roentgen equivalent (in) man; a measure of radiation dosage.

A​ 38-year-old male is in the water and requires rescue. Which of the following would be BEST to extend to him to pull him to​ safety? -Fishing line -Rope -Your hand -A towel

Rope

Which of the following is the BEST type of eye protection for EMS workers at an accident scene during​ extrication? -Prescription glasses -Regular sunglasses -Hinged plastic helmet shield -Safety goggles with a soft vinyl frame

Safety goggles with a soft vinyl frame

Which of the following is LEAST likely an effect of a hazardous​ material? -Irritates the eyes and respiratory tract -Causes​ self-ignition of cellulose products -Produces pulmonary edema -Scalds if heated too high

Scalds if heated too high

You are dispatched to a psychiatric emergency for a 68-year-old male. Dispatch provides no other information and, when questioned by you, they do not have any more information. Although all steps are important in dealing with this situation, which step is the MOST important? -Scene size-up -Vital signs and SAMPLE history -Primary assessment -Secondary assessment

Scene size-up

Which of the following may help in minimizing the stressful effects of the disruption in circadian rhythms seen in EMS multiple-casualty incidents work? Selected Answer: Seek help from a trained professional.Answers:Keep your bedroom light on and warm. Seek help from a trained professional.Sleep as much as possible on days off.Eat a heavy meal just before bedtime.

Seek help from a trained professional.

Which of the following signs or symptoms is associated with​ eclampsia? -Painless vaginal bleeding -Supine hypotensive syndrome -Hyperglycemia -Seizures

Seizures

Which of the following guidelines should you adhere to when setting up a landing zone for a​ helicopter? -Select an area that is a flat square with​ 100-foot sides. -Shine a light into the cockpit as the helicopter approaches to signal where you are. -Choose ground with a slope of greater than 8 degrees. -Mark each corner of the landing zone with flares and place a fifth warning device on the downwind side of the landing zone.

Select an area that is a flat square with​ 100-foot sides.

You are called to a nursing home for an 85-year-old patient complaining of abdominal pain. The patient has a history of dementia and cannot describe the pain to you. The nurse states the patient has n vomiting dark coffee ground emesis for about an hour. His blood pressure is 90/40, pulse 100, and respiratory rate of 24. In what position should you transport the patient? -Supine -Trendelenburg -Semi-Fowler's -Supine with knees bent

Semi-Fowler's

You are called to a nursing home for an 85-year-old patient complaining of abdominal pain. The patient has a history of dementia and cannot describe the pain to you. The nurse states the patient has n vomiting dark coffee ground emesis for about an hour. His blood pressure is 90/40, pulse 100, and respiratory rate of 24. In what position should you transport the patient? -Supine with knees bent -Supine -Trendelenburg -Semi-Fowler's

Semi-Fowler's

You are called to a nursing home for an 85-year-old patient complaining of abdominal pain. The patient has a history of dementia and cannot describe the pain to you. The nurse states the patient has n vomiting dark coffee ground emesis for about an hour. His blood pressure is 90/40, pulse 100, and respiratory rate of 24. In what position should you transport the patient? -Supine with knees bent -Trendelenburg -Supine -Semi-Fowler's

Semi-Fowler's

Radiation

Sending out energy, such as heat, in waves into space.

In addition to​ protection, what is another function of the​ skin? -Circulation -Digestion -Sensation -Respiration

Sensation

Messages from the body to the brain are carried by which of the following types of nerves? -Skeletal -Cranial -Motor -Sensory

Sensory

What is important for the temperature in a geriatric​ patient's home? -Set a temperature of 72 degrees Fahrenheit in winter and 62 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer. -Set a temperature of 75 degrees Fahrenheit with all vents closed. -Set a temperature of 78 degrees Fahrenheit and recommend to the patient never to use the cooling functions of the thermostat. -Set a temperature of 72 degrees Fahrenheit but ensure adequate ventilation and cooling in summer.

Set a temperature of 72 degrees Fahrenheit but ensure adequate ventilation and cooling in summer.

How many vertebrae does the cervical spine​ comprise? - Seven - Three - Five - Nine

Seven

Which of the following would be a nontraumatic cause of brain​ injury? -Rapid deceleration from a​ head-on collision -Severe prolonged hypotension -Gunshot wound to the head -Knife wound to the scalp

Severe prolonged hypotension

Which of the following is NOT a legitimate assessment technique for a pediatric​ patient? -Tap the child to assess pain response. -Shout to elicit a response to a verbal stimulus. -Pinch the child to assess pain response. -Shake the child to assess alertness.

Shake the child to assess alertness.

Tearing pain

Sharp pain that feels as if body tissues are being torn apart.

If a patient is in labor for her first​ delivery, what is the MOST reliable indication that delivery will happen​ imminently? -She feels the urge to push. -She is not crowning. -She is not straining. -She feels the onset of contractions.

She feels the urge to push.

What is a potential problem of asking a patient directly if she is​ pregnant? -She may not know. -She most likely will not answer. -She almost certainly is not. -She most likely will lie.

She may not know.

Which of the following is typically a source of heat for the​ body? -Conduction -Convection -Shivering -Radiation

Shivering

Which of the following is a common cause of acute renal​ failure? -Stroke -Angina pectoris -Fluid overload -Shock

Shock

Which of the following pathologies make patients at high risk for acute renal failure? -Shock -Polycystic kidney disease -Hypertension -Uncontrolled diabetes

Shock

You are evaluating an​ 18-month-old child who presents with a history of​ fever, diarrhea, and vomiting. Her radial pulse is weak in comparison with her carotid pulse. Her respirations are 30 with adequate depth. Her skin is​ pale, cool, and​ clammy, and she cries without tears. What is the primary problem for which you will treat this​ patient? -Hypoglycemia -Respiratory failure -Mild dehydration -Shock

Shock

Hemorrhagic Shock

Shock resulting from blood loss.

Hypovolemic Shock

Shock resulting from blood or fluid loss.

Which of the following BEST describes an appropriate shock sequence for the patient in pulseless VT? -Shock, shock, shock, shock -Shock, shock, shock, pulse check, 2 minutes of CPR, shock, shock, shock -Shock, pulse check, shock, pulse check, shock, pulse check -Shock, 2 minutes of CPR, analyze, shock again

Shock, 2 minutes of CPR, analyze, shock again

Cardiogenic Shock

Shock, or lack of perfusion, brought on not by blood loss but by the heart's inadequate pumping action. It is often the result of a heart attack or congestive heart failure.

Which​ multiple-casualty incident should MOST raise your suspicion of​ terrorism? -Vehicle collision -Shooting incident -Earthquake -Forest fire

Shooting incident

You are managing a patient who is being extricated from a vehicle by a rescue crew using hydraulic tools. Which of the following items should you use in order to protect your patient during the extrication process? Selected Answer: Short spine board to prevent debris from contacting the patientAnswers:Wool blanket to protect the patient from broken glass Short spine board to prevent debris from contacting the patientAluminized rescue blanket to protect the patient from sharp edgesOxygen mask to prevent inhalation of noxious fumes

Short spine board to prevent debris from contacting the patient

When you are able to reach a patient by rolling down a window or opening a​ door, it is known as what type of​ access? -Complex -Continual -Simple -Easy

Simple

What does the triage mnemonic START stand​ for? -Simple treatment and rapid transport -Simultaneous triage and rapid treatment -Simultaneous transport and rapid treatment -Simple triage and rapid treatment

Simple triage and rapid treatment

Which of the following should be applied to provide stability for an upper humerus​ injury? -Sling and swathe -Straight arm splint -Pressure bandage -Traction splint

Sling and swathe

What is NOT a sign of loss of motor coordination that could be a sign of​ hypothermia? -Slow reflexes -Poor balance -Staggering -Inability to hold things

Slow reflexes

Which of the following factors helps explain the greater risk of upper airway obstruction in children as compared with​ adults? -Children have a small epiglottis that does not adequately protect the airway from aspiration. -Small children have proportionally larger tongues than adults. -Children do not have an adequate gag reflex. -A​ child's trachea is less flexible than an​ adult's.

Small children have proportionally larger tongues than adults.

What​ organ, consisting of the​ duodenum, jejunum, and​ ileum, takes stomach contents and removes nutrients as it passes its contents to the large​ intestine? -Esophagus -Stomach -Small intestine -Liver

Small intestine

What would be MOST characteristic of a​ non-life-threatening allergic​ reaction? -Moderate dyspnea -Tightness in chest -Respiratory arrest -Sneezing

Sneezing

Fontanelles

Soft spots on an infants scalp formed by the jointing of not-yet-fused bones to the skull.

What must happen for a joint to​ dislocate? -A bone must break -An injury must break the skin -Soft tissue and ligaments must be stretched -A muscle must be overexerted

Soft tissue and ligaments must be stretched

Mons pubis

Soft tissue that covers the pubic symphysis; area where hair grows when a woman reaches puberty.

Labia

Soft tissues that protect the entrance to the vagina.

Allergen

Something that causes an allergic reaction.

Tactics

Specific operational actions to accomplish assigned tasks

Which of the following organs may seriously be damaged in sickle cell anemia, and often subsequently leads to severe infections? -Liver -Spleen -Lungs -Kidneys

Spleen

Limiting time spent at a scene can be especially important if the mechanism of injury suggests that the patient could go into shock. In order to keep the time at the scene to a minimum, which of the following assessments or treatments should NOT be performed on the scene? -ABCs with spinal precautions -Immobilization -Rapid trauma exam -Splinting swollen extremities

Splinting swollen extremities

Abortion

Spontaneous (miscarriage) or induced termination of pregnancy.

Miscarriage

Spontaneous abortion.

Dissemination

Spreading.

Which of the following is a characteristic of arterial bleeding? -Steady flow -Dark red color -Spurting under pressure -Both Dark red color and Spurting under pressure

Spurting under pressure

You respond to the scene of an assault where you find a​ 26-year-old male patient with a knife impaled in the left lobe of his skull near the temporal membrane. He is alert but disoriented. How should you manage this​ patient's injury? -Perform a secondary assessment prior to stabilizing the knife. -Stabilize the knife with bulky dressings. -Approximate the depth of insertion and carefully remove the knife. -Stabilize the knife and carefully cut the handle off to prepare for transport.

Stabilize the knife with bulky dressings.

You are dispatched to the local elementary school for an injured student. Upon arrival you find that two 7-year-olds got into a fight and one of them jabbed a pencil in the other's cheek. The pencil is still sticking out of the child's cheek. When you examine the patient, you cannot see the end of the pencil that went through the cheek, as it appears to be stuck in the palate. There is not significant bleeding, and the child is not having any difficulty breathing. The child is very upset and wants you to pull the pencil out. What should you do? -Stabilize the object, but do not try to remove it. -Call the parents and see what they want you to do. -Let the child carefully pull the object out. -Remove the object and put a bandage on the outside of the cheek.

Stabilize the object, but do not try to remove it.

You have been assigned to the transport unit at an MCI. In what area will you wait while awaiting your assigned​ patient? -Triage -Treatment -Base camp -Staging

Staging

What is the "1 percent rule"?

Starting at about age 30, our organ systems lose about 1% of their function each year.

You have arrived at the scene of a vehicle collision in which there are utility wires down around the vehicle. The three occupants appear dazed and other responding units have not yet arrived. Which of the following is the BEST course of action? Selected Answer: Stay at a distance and caution the occupants to stay inside the vehicle.Answers: Stay at a distance and caution the occupants to stay inside the vehicle.Encourage the occupants to exit the vehicle by jumping free of the vehicle before touching the ground.Push the wires out of the way with a long pry-bar in order to access the patients.Cool the wires with large amounts of water to prevent a fire from starting.

Stay at a distance and caution the occupants to stay inside the vehicle.

Which of the following is a desirable characteristic of dressings used in the prehospital management of most open wounds? -Occlusive -Sterile -Adherent -Absorbent

Sterile

Which of the following is a desirable characteristic of dressings used in the prehospital management of most open wounds? -Sterile -Occlusive -Nonabsorbent -Adherent

Sterile

Which of the following bones is found in the chest? -Sternum -Metacarpals -Tarsals -Ilium

Sternum

Amphetamines have what effect on the​ body? -Narcotic -Lethal -Stimulant -Depressant

Stimulant

Uppers

Stimulants such as amphetamines that affect the central nervous system to excite the user.

This is a hollow digestive organ that is expandable. -Spleen -Liver -Stomach -Lungs

Stomach

You are inserting an OPA into a small​ child's airway. What is the preferred technique that you should​ use? - The same technique as with adults - 180 degree reverse twist - Straight insertion technique with a tongue depressor - 360 degree reverse twist

Straight insertion technique with a tongue depressor

When a patient or bystander at the scene of an emergency displays fear, anger, or grief, this is best described as which of the following? - Post-traumatic stress disorder - Stress reaction - Catharsis - Neurosis

Stress reaction

When a patient or bystander at the scene of an emergency displays fear, anger, or grief, this is best described as which of the following? -Post-traumatic stress disorder -Stress reaction -Neurosis -Catharsis

Stress reaction

Which of the following medical conditions is MOST likely to present as a psychiatric or emotional​ disorder? -Heart attack -Emphysema -Gastroenteritis -Stroke

Stroke

Which of the following layers of the skin is the MOST important in insulating the body against heat loss? -Subcutaneous layer -Epidermis -Parietal layer -Subdural layer

Subcutaneous layer

What kind of cranial hematoma is this?

Subdural hematoma

Which of the following is an injury that commonly occurs in alcoholic patients with even minor falls and blows to the head? -Concussion -Intracerebral hematoma -Subdural hematoma -Skull fracture

Subdural hematoma

Hemostatic Agents

Substances applied as powders, dressings, gauze, or bandages to open wounds to stop bleeding.

Toxins

Substances produced by animals or plants that are poisonous to humans.

Which of the following statements regarding suicide is​ TRUE? -Suicide decreases with​ age, occurring least often among the elderly. -Suicide rates are high among​ 15- to​ 25-year-olds. -Most attempts at suicide are just​ attention-seeking behavior. -People are always at their most depressed just before committing suicide.

Suicide rates are high among​ 15- to​ 25-year-olds.

You face a situation in which a victim of chlorine gas poisoning is still conscious but lying on the​ ground, and the area surrounding him is contaminated with chlorine gas. What would be your BEST course of​ action? -Summon specially trained personnel wearing appropriate protective gear to rescue the victim while you try to coax the patient out of the contaminated area. -You and your partner should take turns attempting the​ rescue, minimizing exposure to less than five minutes for each of you. -Take a deep​ breath, and rush in to rapidly extricate the victim. -Wrap a​ water-soaked cloth around your nose and​ mouth, and attempt the rescue.

Summon specially trained personnel wearing appropriate protective gear to rescue the victim while you try to coax the patient out of the contaminated area.

With respect to a​ non-life-threatening allergic​ reaction, what is the BEST example of a localized effect of an​ allergen? -Swelling of the​ face, neck,​ hands, feet, and tongue -Swelling around a bee sting -Flushed skin on the​ face, neck,​ chest, shoulders, and arms -Hives covering the​ face, neck, and chest

Swelling around a bee sting

Which of the following explains why a patient may experience difficulty breathing during anaphylaxis? -Allergens clump together and block blood flow through the lungs. -Swelling in the brain decreases the respiratory drive. -Swelling of the airway tissues causes difficulty breathing. -Allergens bind to hemoglobin, preventing it from carrying oxygen.

Swelling of the airway tissues causes difficulty breathing.

Which of the following findings is the MOST concerning in a patient with a suspected severe allergic​ reaction? -​Flushed, red skin throughout the body -Splotches and swelling of the hands and forearms -Swollen face and tongue -Hives on the chest

Swollen face and tongue

You are caring for an adult trauma patient. Which of the following is a definitive sign that your patient is in​ shock? -Systolic BP below 100 mmHg -Diastolic BP below 90 mmHg -Diastolic BP above 90 mmHg -Systolic BP below 90 mmHg

Systolic BP below 90 mmHg

You are the second unit on the scene of a multivehicle crash. You and your partner are caring for a​ middle-aged woman who is sitting in the passenger seat of a vehicle that seems undamaged. You see no signs of injury in this patient. When you ask her about​ pain, she replies in a foreign language. What should you​ do? -Although communication is​ important, given the fact that there are no MOIs and no signs of​ injury, you can safely choose not to immobilize the patient. -Take full spinal precautions because you cannot determine the extent of the​ patient's injuries. -Examine the patient more closely and look for physical signs of pain when you palpate her back. -The​ patient's language has no bearing on how you treat a patient. She does not require immobilization.

Take full spinal precautions because you cannot determine the extent of the​ patient's injuries.

You encounter an accident on a busy intercity street while on duty. Calling into dispatch, you make note that the occupants of both vehicles are outside, and you request additional units to proceed non-emergently. You approach an elderly male who is rubbing his back and left shoulder. During secondary assessment of past medical history, you make note of several important details: the patient is on high blood pressure medications, and has had a heart attack in the past. He is complaining of midline thoracic pain on palpation of his spine and left shoulder pain, which may have been from the seat belt, but is refusing care and transport. The patient did not lose consciousness. Based on this information, which transport decision would be most appropriate for this patient? -Take the patient to a trauma center. -Take the patient to a local community hospital. -Allow the patient to sign a refusal. -Call for ALS intercept.

Take the patient to a local community hospital.

What is it important to do in response to a patient exhibiting signs of​ depression? -Refer the patient immediately to a mental health team. -Tell the patient that everyone has bad days but things always work out. -Counsel the patient that depression is an insufficient coping mechanism. -Take the​ patient's depression seriously and​ don't dismiss it.

Take the​ patient's depression seriously and​ don't dismiss it.

Which of the following will help you and your crew BEST manage a multisystem trauma​ patient? -Teamwork and communication -Slow, deliberate decision making -An incident commander -Waiting for ALS personnel to arrive

Teamwork and communication

What are three elements of successful trauma care that field practitioners can use which will ultimately translate into greater rates of survival? Selected Answer: Teamwork, timing, and transportAnswers:Lights, sirens, and dieselPhysiological determinants, anatomic criteria, and mechanism of injuryGround ambulances, air helicopters, and trauma centers Teamwork, timing, and transport

Teamwork, timing, and transport

Which group is LEAST likely to have poor​ thermoregulation? -Teens -Elderly people -Infants -Newborns

Teens

You are transporting a 50-year-old male patient whom you successfully defibrillated at the scene. You are 5 minutes away from the hospital when the patient goes back into cardiac arrest. Which of the following is the best course of action? -Initiate CPR and continue transporting. -Tell the driver to stop and assist you with CPR, and request another unit for assistance. -Analyze the cardiac rhythm and deliver shocks as necessary. -Tell the driver to stop, analyze the cardiac rhythm, and deliver a shock as necessary.

Tell the driver to stop, analyze the cardiac rhythm, and deliver a shock as necessary.

Which of the following describes vehicle glass that is designed to break into small pieces rather than shattering into sharp fragments? Selected Answer: Tempered glassAnswers: Tempered glassLeaded glassAlloy glassPlexiglas

Tempered glass

Which one of the following statements is NOT true? -Tendons are bands of connective tissue that bind the ligaments to muscles. -Cartilage is connective tissue that covers the outside of the bone end and acts as a surface for articulation. -Muscles are the tissues or fibers that cause movement of body parts or organs. -Ligaments are connective tissues that connect bone to bone.

Tendons are bands of connective tissue that bind the ligaments to muscles.

Which one of the following definitions is NOT true? -A sprain is the stretching and tearing of ligaments. -Tendons connect muscles to ligaments. -Joints are places where bones articulate. -Another name for manual traction is tension.

Tendons connect muscles to ligaments.

Which of the following patients is at greatest risk of respiratory failure and should be carefully monitored for ventilatory status throughout treatment and transport? -Abdominal evisceration -Hemopneumothorax -Flail chest -Tension pneumothorax

Tension pneumothorax

Domestic terrorism

Terrorism directed against the government or population without foreign direction.

International terrorism

Terrorism that is purely foreign based or directed.

Amniotic sac

The "bag of waters" that surrounds the developing fetus.

Which of the following is true in regards to touching a patient who is being shocked with an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD)? -The EMT will always feel the shock, and it is very dangerous to the EMT as well. -It depends on the AICD model as to whether or not the EMT can feel the shock. -The EMT cannot feel the shock of an AICD when delivered to the patient. -The EMT will always feel the shock, but it is not very painful.

The EMT cannot feel the shock of an AICD when delivered to the patient.

Treatment area

The area in which patients are treated at a multiple-casualty incident.

Retroperitoneal space

The area posterior to the peritoneum, between the peritoneum and the back.

Staging area

The area where ambulances are parked and other resources are held until needed.

Triage area

The area where secondary triage takes place at a multiple-casualty incident.

Fetus

The baby from 8 weeks of development to birth.

Embryo

The baby from fertilization to 8 weeks of development.

Vagina

The birth canal.

Shock

The body's inability to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients, which is a life-threatening condition. AKA Hypoperfusion.

Hypoperfusion

The body's inability to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients.

Which of the following statements regarding the bones of infants and children is​ TRUE? -The bones are harder and more brittle than in adults. -The bones are more easily fractured than in adults. -Traumatic forces are more likely to injure bones than organs. -The bones are more flexible than in adults.

The bones are more flexible than in adults.

Vertebrae

The bones of the spinal column.

Nasal bones

The bones that form the upper third, or bridge, of the nose.

Spinous process

The bony bump on a vertebrae.

Cranium

The bony structure making up the forehead, top, back, and upper sides of the skull.

Orbits

The bony structures around the eyes; the eye sockets.

Which of the following statements about pregnancy is​ TRUE? -The cardiovascular system responds to pregnancy by increasing blood​ volume, increasing cardiac​ output, and increasing heart rate. -The blood pressure of a pregnant female is usually slightly increased. -The vascularity of the uterus and related structures is decreased. -Although blood volume​ increases, the number of red blood cells decreases.

The cardiovascular system responds to pregnancy by increasing blood​ volume, increasing cardiac​ output, and increasing heart rate.

Evaporation

The change from liquid to gas. When the body perspires or gets wet, evaporation of the perspiration or other liquid into the air has a cooling effect on the body.

Malar

The cheekbone. AKA Zygomatic bone.

Dislocation

The disruption or "coming apart" of a joint.

Exposure

The dose or concentration of an agent multiplied by the time, or duration.

Which of the following statements is​ TRUE? -The elderly​ patient's diminished gag reflex makes the person vulnerable to aspiration. -The secretion of stomach acid in the elderly patient will likely have increased. -The elderly​ patient's maximum heart rate is likely to have increased. -The elderly patient is likely to have increased lung volume.

The elderly​ patient's diminished gag reflex makes the person vulnerable to aspiration.

In a​ contusion, what remains​ intact? -Cells -The epidermis -Blood vessels -The dermis

The epidermis

Which of the following is the MOST important to determine when assessing a pediatric patient following a fall​ injury? -The​ patient's blood glucose -How often the patient falls -What the patient was doing before the fall -The estimated height of the fall

The estimated height of the fall

Which of the following is MOST clearly a legitimate reason for requesting air medical transport of a critical​ patient? -The facility that is capable of caring for the patient is 45 minutes away by ground. -Extrication of a​ high-priority patient can be completed quickly. -The weather is stormy and visibility is low for ground transportation. -The receiving hospital is in the response area.

The facility that is capable of caring for the patient is 45 minutes away by ground.

Ovary

The female reproductive organ that produces ova.

Umbilical cord

The fetal structure containing the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the placenta.

Command

The first on the scene to establish order and initiate the Incident Command System.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

The fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

Looking at the following list, which of the items does NOT correctly compare the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia? -Hyperglycemic patients often have warm, red, dry skin, whereas hypoglycemic patients have cold, pale, moist, or clammy skin. -Hyperglycemia usually has a slower onset than hypoglycemia. -The hyperglycemic patient often has acetone breath, whereas the hypoglycemic patient does not. -The hypoglycemic patient is usually complaining of a headache, whereas the hyperglycemic patient is not.

The hypoglycemic patient is usually complaining of a headache, whereas the hyperglycemic patient is not.

Spinal motion restriction

The immobilization of the spinal column as if it were a single bone to prevent movement of individual vertebrae.

Which of the following events reliably occurs during the second stage of​ labor? -The infant is delivered. -The bag of waters breaks. -The mucus plug is lost. -The placenta is delivered.

The infant is delivered.

Dermis

The inner (second) layer of skin found beneath the epidermis. It is rich in blood vessels and nerves.

Which of the following statements about the renal system is​ TRUE? -The kidneys transport urine to the bladder. -The kidneys filter blood and produce urine. -The urethra is present only in the female anatomy. -The ureter stores urine.

The kidneys filter blood and produce urine.

When an individual becomes​ dehydrated, how do the kidneys compensate for this​ state? -Only one kidney will continue​ filtration, whereas the other goes dormant. -The kidneys help the body retain needed fluid. -The kidneys reduce the amount of blood that is initially filtered. -The kidneys temporarily shut down to prevent additional fluid loss.

The kidneys help the body retain needed fluid.

Regarding ambulance warning devices, which of the following statements is NOT true? -The large lights on the outermost corners of the ambulance box should blink alternately. -Four-way flashers should not be used as emergency lights. -The use of strobes is controversial. -In most states it is illegal to drive at night with only one headlight.

The large lights on the outermost corners of the ambulance box should blink alternately.

Subcutaneous layers

The layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis.

What is a risk of using emergency lights at night on an accident​ scene? -The lights prevent EMS helicopters from landing. -The lights may frighten injured victims. -The lights may temporarily blind drivers. -The lights may slow approaching traffic.

The lights may temporarily blind drivers.

Why do patients with sickle cell disease sometimes develop​ jaundice? -The jaundice is a product of the powerful medications that are necessary to treat sickle cell disease. -The liver becomes overwhelmed by the breakdown in red blood cells. -Most patients with sickle cell disease also have hepatitis because of repeated blood transfusions. -The sickled red blood cells tend to leak the hemoglobin into the blood plasma.

The liver becomes overwhelmed by the breakdown in red blood cells.

Mandible

The lower jawbone.

Why is it so important to seal holes in the chest from penetrating trauma as early as​ possible? -This will keep the blood from leaking out of the wound and into the pleural cavity. -The heart cannot fill if there is not air in the chest. -A rib may have been​ fractured, which will decrease lung compliance. -The lungs will collapse if air gets between the two pleural membranes.

The lungs will collapse if air gets between the two pleural membranes.

National Incident Management System (NIMS)

The management system used by federal, state, and local governments to manage emergencies in the United States.

Behavior

The manner in which a person acts.

Peritoneum

The membrane that lines the abdominal cavity (the parietal peritoneum) and covers the organs within it (the visceral peritoneum).

Which of the following statements concerning heart attacks and cardiac arrest is NOT true? -Heart attacks present differently among women and men. -Some patients who have heart attacks live active and healthy lifestyles. -The most common initial rhythm in sudden cardiac death is asystole. -Many patients may mistake their symptoms for other causes such as indigestion.

The most common initial rhythm in sudden cardiac death is asystole.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

The moveable joint formed between the mandible and the temporal bone

Permeation

The movement of a substance through a surface or, on a molecular level, through intact materials; penetration, or spreading.

Uterus

The muscular abdominal organ where the fetus develops; the womb.

Fallopian tube

The narrow tube that connects the ovary to the uterus. Also called the oviduct.

Cervix

The neck of the uterus at the entrance to the birth canal.

Peripheral nervous system

The nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between the vertebrae, the twelve pairs of cranial nerves that travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord, and all of the body's other motor and sensory nerves.

Foremen magnum

The opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes from the brain.

Placenta

The organ of pregnancy where exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes occurs between a mother and fetus.

Which of the following must be identified in hazardous materials shipping​ papers? -The temperature at which the material vaporizes -The specific gravity of the chemical -The specific health hazards of the material -The origin of the shipment

The origin of the shipment

Epidermis

The outer layer of the skin.

You are examining a 48-year-old patient who has been burned. You decide to use the rule of palm to measure the extent of the burn. What does this mean? -The palm of the patient's hand equals about 1% of the body's surface area. -The palm of the patient's hand equals 9% of the body's surface area. -The palm of your hand represents 1% of the body's surface area. -You can only use the rule of palm for children, so you would use the rule of nines instead.

The palm of the patient's hand equals about 1% of the body's surface area.

Who is the best source of patient history information for an older adolescent​ patient? -The patient -The parents -The school nurse -The​ patient's friends

The patient

A​ 50-year-old woman is experiencing an allergic reaction after accidentally ingesting some shrimp. She has​ hives, complains of​ diarrhea, and notes that she is beginning to have difficulty breathing. You assess wheezes. Her vital signs are P​ 118, R​ 30, BP​ 100/60. What is the BEST answer for when you may administer​ epinephrine? -The patient has a prescription for epinephrine and medical control authorizes you to do so. -You believe the patient is in anaphylactic shock. -Medical control authorizes you to do so. -The patient has a prescription for epinephrine.

The patient has a prescription for epinephrine and medical control authorizes you to do so.

Which of the following findings would LEAST make you suspect​ frostnip? -The patient has fallen in cold water. -The patient has drunk something cold. -The patient has been outside in cold weather. -The patient has touched a cold object.

The patient has drunk something cold.

When predicting the need for neonatal​ resuscitation, what is the significance of a pregnant patient in labor not having seen an​ obstetrician? -This indicates a history of problems with pregnancy. -The patient has likely not received prior prenatal care. -There probably are underlying medical conditions. -The labor was probably induced by drug use.

The patient has likely not received prior prenatal care.

Which of the following situations generally allows the EMT to transport a patient with a behavioral emergency against his or her wishes? -A family member gives consent and is willing to accompany the patient. -The patient's personal physician gives you permission. -The patient is a threat to himself or others. -The patient's insurance company agrees to pay, even though the patient has not given consent.

The patient is a threat to himself or others.

Which of the following situations generally allows the EMT to transport a patient with a behavioral emergency against his or her wishes? -The patient is a threat to himself or others. -A family member gives consent and is willing to accompany the patient. -The patient's insurance company agrees to pay, even though the patient has not given consent. -The patient's personal physician gives you permission.

The patient is a threat to himself or others.

You are at the home of a​ middle-aged male patient who is exhibiting unusual behavior and acting erratically. You and your partner are standing in the doorway of the​ patient's bedroom while you talk with him. Which of the following observations is MOST likely to suggest imminent aggression from the​ patient? -The patient is sitting on the​ bed, hands clenched into​ fists, and he is looking down toward the floor. -The patient smiles at you and answers your questions. -The patient makes eye contact with you when you speak to him. -The patient is sitting on the​ bed, holding his head in his hands while​ weeping, and he asks for help.

The patient is sitting on the​ bed, hands clenched into​ fists, and he is looking down toward the floor.

An older adult patient is exhibiting unusual behavior by asking the same questions over and over. What should you FIRST consider as a possible cause for this​ behavior? -The patient has​ Alzheimer's disease. -The patient may be experiencing amnesia from a recent head trauma. -The patient may be developing a bipolar illness. -It is not unusual for the elderly to ask the same​ questions, so there is no reason for concern.

The patient may be experiencing amnesia from a recent head trauma.

You're an off-duty EMT who encounters a patient sitting behind the wheel of a vehicle that ran off the road along an isolated county road. It appears the patient was unrestrained, or not wearing a seat belt, and struck the steering wheel with his chest. On assessment, you notice a paradoxical motion to the patient's chest on inspiration and expiration. When you radio for dispatch of an ambulance, which of the following pieces of information would you be sure to include? -The patient may have a flail chest. -The patient is showing signs of an open chest injury. -The patient is showing signs of abdominal bleeding. -The patient may have an abdominal evisceration.

The patient may have a flail chest.

Which of the following BEST describes a partial thickness burn? -The skin is white and dry with no sensation of pain. -The skin is red and moist with blister formation. -The skin is charred or blackened and lacks sensation. -The skin is red, but dry and painful.

The skin is red and moist with blister formation.

Where is the decon corridor located where patients, personnel, and equipment are decontaminated? Selected Answer: Warm zoneAnswers: Warm zoneCold zoneHot zoneCool zone

Warm zone

You are dispatched to a private residence for a sick person. You arrive and find a 47-year-old male patient who recently completed his peritoneal dialysis and complains of severe abdominal pain that is worsened by movement. One of the more serious complications of this type of dialysis is a bacterial infection within the peritoneal cavity. What would be the tell-tale sign that this is what is happening in this case? -The patient's dialysis fluid appears clear when it is drained from the peritoneal cavity rather than its normal cloudy appearance. -The patient has swollen ankles. -The patient has trouble urinating. -The patient's dialysis fluid appears cloudy when it is drained from the peritoneal cavity rather than its normal clear appearance.

The patient's dialysis fluid appears cloudy when it is drained from the peritoneal cavity rather than its normal clear appearance.

Incident Command

The person or persons who assume overall direction of a large-scale incident.

Triage supervisor

The person responsible for overseeing triage at a multiple-casualty incident.

Ovulation

The phase of the female reproductive cycle in which an ovum is released from the ovary.

Which of the following statements BEST describes the third stage of​ labor? -The placenta is expelled from the uterus. -The infant is completely delivered. -The​ infant's head appears at the opening of the birth canal. -The amniotic sac ruptures.

The placenta is expelled from the uterus.

Afterbirth

The placenta, membranes of the amniotic sac, part of the umbilical cord, and some tissues from the lining of the uterus that are delivered after the birth of the baby.

Extremities

The portions of the skeleton that include the clavicles, scapulae, arms, wrists, and hands (upper extremities) and the pelvis, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet (lower extremities).

Dialysis

The process by which toxins and excess fluid are removed from the body by a medical system independent of the kidneys.

Manual traction

The process of applying tension to straighten and realign a fractured limb before splinting. AKA tension.

Drowning

The process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/ immersion in liquid, which may result in death, morbidity (illness or adverse effects), or no morbidity.

Dialysis

The process of filtering the blood to remove toxic or unwanted wastes and fluids.

Triage

The process of quickly assessing patients at a multiple-casualty incident and assigning each a priority for receiving treatment; from a French word meaning "to sort."

What is an exception to the rule that EMTs may only administer for patients with a prescription for​ epinephrine? -It is impossible to contact medical direction for authorization. -The region allows EMTs to carry and administer epinephrine. -The patient signs a permission form. -The patient is in anaphylactic shock.

The region allows EMTs to carry and administer epinephrine.

Lightening

The sensation of the fetus moving from high in the abdomen to low in the birth canal.

Which of the following signs is a characteristic of early or superficial​ frostbite? -The skin of the affected area is white and waxy. -The body core temperature is less than 95 degrees Fahrenheit. -The affected area is freezing solid. -The skin of the affected area is grayish blue.

The skin of the affected area is white and waxy.

Which of the following statements regarding the spinal cord is​ TRUE? -The spinal cord lacks the membranes that surround the brain. -The spinal cord transmits and receives neural messages to and from the brain. -If the spinal cord is​ severed, the body will experience widespread vasoconstriction. -The nerves that branch from the spinal cord at the vertebrae alternate from left to right.

The spinal cord transmits and receives neural messages to and from the brain.

Sprain

The stretching or tearing of ligaments.

Perfusion

The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the body's cells and tissues as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.

Perineum

The surface area between the vagina and anus.

Amputation

The surgical removal or traumatic severing of a body part, usually an extremity.

Why does a patient in shock secondary to blood loss develop​ pale, cool, and clammy​ skin? -The​ patient's body is using all available energy to combat the blood​ loss, so sweating is to expected. -Blood flow is being redirected to the periphery of the body to combat the heat load. -The sympathetic nervous system limits peripheral circulation. -The blood has lost some of its red blood​ cells, which give the blood​ (and skin) the red color.

The sympathetic nervous system limits peripheral circulation.

Avulsion

The tearing away or tearing off of a piece or flap of skin or other soft tissue. This term also may be used for an eye pulled from its socket or a tooth dislodged from its socket.

Which of the following is likely the MOST critical associated injury of serious blunt or penetrating trauma to the​ face? -Mandibular dislocation -The threat to airway patency -Distortion of the facial landmarks -The entrance of blood into the digestive tract

The threat to airway patency

Labor

The three stages of delivery of a baby that begin with the contractions of the uterus and end with the expulsion of the placenta.

Conduction

The transfer of heat from one material to another through DIRECT contact.

You are getting ready to transport an unresponsive 25-year-old female patient. She was hit by a vehicle while crossing the street. She is 26 weeks pregnant. You are 10 minutes away from the nearest facility, 15 minutes away from a Level I Trauma Center, and 15 minutes away from a hospital that specializes in high-risk obstetrics. You should transport the patient to which hospital? -The trauma center: the patient will need specialized trauma surgeons -The nearest facility: she is unresponsive and unstable -The high-risk obstetric hospital: the fetus will need specialized neonatology surgeons -The trauma center: the fetus will need specialized neonatology surgeons

The trauma center: the patient will need specialized trauma surgeons

Maxillae

The two fused bones forming the upper jaw.

Terrorism

The unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.

Which of the following is required in the management of all open soft-tissue injuries? -Application of a disinfectant solution during clean-up -Provision of high-concentration oxygen to the patient -The use of Standard Precautions by the EMT -Cervical spine precautions

The use of Standard Precautions by the EMT

Which of the following mechanisms accounts for supine hypotensive​ syndrome? -The weight of the enlarged uterus and fetus compresses the descending​ aorta, restricting blood flow to the rest of the body. -Compression of the umbilical cord between the fetus and the uterine wall results in decreased fetal cardiac output and hypotension. -The weight of the enlarged uterus and fetus compresses the vagus​ nerve, slowing the heart rate and decreasing cardiac output. -The weight of the enlarged uterus and fetus presses on the inferior vena​ cava, causing inadequate blood return to the heart.

The weight of the enlarged uterus and fetus presses on the inferior vena​ cava, causing inadequate blood return to the heart.

Which of the following statements about a pediatric patient with a tracheostomy tube on a home ventilator is​ TRUE? -Infection is rare in such patients. -Parents of such patients are typically poor historians. -There is a high risk of infection. -EMTs are not permitted to care for such patients.

There is a high risk of infection.

Which of the following observations may the EMT use to rule out a spinal injury in a trauma patient? -Patient denies pain in his spine. -There is a lack of mechanism of injury. -Patient is able to walk at the scene. -There is a lack of numbness and paralysis of the extremities.

There is a lack of mechanism of injury.

What is an example of classifying a burn by agent and​ source? -Partial thickness burn -Superficial burn -Superficial burn of less than 50 percent total body area -Thermal burn from excessively hot coffee

Thermal burn from excessively hot coffee

You arrive at the home of a​ 47-year-old female who reportedly lost her balance on her front​ porch, fell​ backward, and struck her head. She is awake and alert but complains of a headache. The only medications that she takes are Plavix and aspirin. What concerns should you have for this​ patient? -The combination of these two mediations may cause seizures that may have led to her fall in the first place. -The medications that she is taking will mask the pain that she could be having from her head injury. -The combination of these two medications is probably why she lost her balance in the first place. -These​ drugs, by preventing platelet​ aggregation, could cause a serious bleed in her head.

These​ drugs, by preventing platelet​ aggregation, could cause a serious bleed in her head.

What is the purpose of the red blood cells? -They are crucial in the formation of clots. -They are critical in response to infection and are mediators of the body's immune response. -They are responsible for the delivery of oxygen to the cells. -They are responsible for the removal of oxygen from the cells.

They are responsible for the delivery of oxygen to the cells.

Why should an EMT utilize a local poison control center in managing a poisoning patient? -It places any legal liability on the poison control center. -They can assist in finding out important information about the poison. -They can activate a specialty team to come and treat the patient. -It prevents the EMT from having to do training on poisons.

They can assist in finding out important information about the poison.

Which of the following statements about crossovers on highways is​ TRUE? -They can be dangerous. -They require a police escort. -They are the safest way to turn around. -Ambulances are not permitted to use them.

They can be dangerous.

Which of the following is NOT true concerning lacerations? -They may be caused by blunt trauma. -They may indicate deeper underlying tissue damage. -They may be degloving injuries to the skin or tissue. -They may be caused by penetrating trauma.

They may be degloving injuries to the skin or tissue.

What is a special consideration that must be made for women who are​ homeless? -They often have​ HIV/AIDS. -They may be victims of domestic and sexual abuse. -They frequently have complications from respiratory disorders. -They typically have mental health problems.

They may be victims of domestic and sexual abuse.

Which of the following BEST describes the roles of Hazardous Materials​ Specialists? -They keep at a safe distance and help to stop the emergency from spreading. -They​ plug, patch, or stop the release of a hazardous material. -They are trained to recognize a problem and notify the appropriate agencies. -They provide command and support activities at the site of a hazardous materials incident.

They provide command and support activities at the site of a hazardous materials incident.

Which of the following is TRUE about​ infants? -Hyperextension of the neck is needed to open the airway. -The chest wall is more rigid than that in adults. -They typically breathe through the nose. -They typically breathe through the mouth.

They typically breathe through the nose.

Which of the following should be assessed FIRST for a patient who is in anaphylactic​ shock? -The​ patient's airway -The​ patient's distal pulses -The​ patient's blood pressure -The​ patient's lung sounds

The​ patient's airway

At which of the following sites should the EMT administer an epinephrine auto-injector? -Abdomen -Buttocks -Thigh -Upper arm

Thigh

At which of the following sites should the EMT administer an epinephrine auto-injector? -Buttocks -Abdomen -Upper arm -Thigh

Thigh

At which of the following sites should the EMT administer an epinephrine auto-injector? -Buttocks -Upper arm -Thigh -Abdomen

Thigh

Why do emergency response planners prefer the term​ "multiple devices" to​ "secondary devices"? -Terrorist incidents always involve more than two devices. -There are five CBRNE​ agents, not just two. -Thinking in terms of multiple devices promotes danger awareness. -Terrorists use many different types of​ devices, not just two.

Thinking in terms of multiple devices promotes danger awareness.

Decreased collagen and elastin fibers contribute to what aspect of a geriatric​ patient's appearance? -Decreased strength -Thinner, wrinkled skin -Stooped posture -Graying hair

Thinner, wrinkled skin

Dilution

Thinning down or weakening by mixing with something else. Ingested poisons are sometimes diluted by drinking water or milk.

To take the weight off the vena cava and counteract or avoid the possible drop in blood pressure from vena cava​ compression, all patients at which stage of pregnancy should be transported on their left​ sides? -Second trimester -First month -Ninth month -Third trimester

Third trimester

Which of the following is the most important reason for controlling external bleeding? -To make clean-up of the ambulance and your equipment easier after the call -To prevent the patient from becoming upset at the sight of blood -To prevent hypoperfusion -To prevent the spread of infectious diseases

To prevent hypoperfusion

Which of the following statements concerning forcible restraint of patients is true? -This is normally considered to be within the jurisdiction of law enforcement. -It causes irreparable emotional harm to most patients. -It is easily accomplished by two EMTs with a good plan. -This is necessary only with mentally ill individuals.

This is normally considered to be within the jurisdiction of law enforcement.

Which of the following statements concerning forcible restraint of patients is true? -This is normally considered to be within the jurisdiction of law enforcement. -This is necessary only with mentally ill individuals. -It causes irreparable emotional harm to most patients. -It is easily accomplished by two EMTs with a good plan.

This is normally considered to be within the jurisdiction of law enforcement.

You arrive on scene to a residence where you find a​ 16-year-old female patient who was shocked while plugging in an appliance in the garage. Her father states that he heard the shock and saw her get​ "thrown to the​ ground." The patient is awake and alert still lying on the ground. Based on the​ patient's presentation, how should you manage this​ patient's injury? -This patient should be fully immobilized. -Evaluate the source of the electrical burn prior to assessing the patient. -Immediately place an AED on the patient. -Withhold oxygen until you are able to perform a full assessment.

This patient should be fully immobilized.

To which of the following sections of the spine are the ribs attached? -Thoracic -Cervical -Lumbar -Sacral

Thoracic

To which of the following sections of the spine are the ribs attached? Selected Answer: ThoracicAnswers:SacralLumbarCervical Thoracic

Thoracic

How many times a week do the majority of American hemodialysis patients receive treatment? -Three -Five -One -Seven

Three

How many times a week do the majority of American hemodialysis patients receive treatment? -Three -Seven -Five -One

Three

Muscles

Tissues or fibers that cause movement of body parts and organs.

Ligaments

Tissues that connect BONE to BONE.

Tendons

Tissues the connect MUSCLE to BONE.

What is the purpose of a tracheostomy in an ill patient? -To assist the patient with breathing -To assist the patient with feedings -To assist the patient with sleeping -To assist the patient with waste removal

To assist the patient with breathing

Your ambulance is the first emergency vehicle to arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle collision. How should you position your​ ambulance? -Ahead of the collision site to avoid blocking traffic -Immediately behind the vehicle where your patients​ are, to block the view of people driving by -To create a physical barrier between traffic and the scene -In the median or off the side of the road

To create a physical barrier between traffic and the scene

Why is it important to determine whether an unresponsive patient who has been poisoned has experienced nausea and​ vomiting? -To determine the exact time of poisoning -To determine the period of time over which the poisoning has occurred -To determine whether the poison has been ingested -To determine whether you need to administer activated charcoal

To determine whether the poison has been ingested

Which of the following is the most important reason for controlling external bleeding? -To make clean-up of the ambulance and your equipment easier after the call -To prevent the spread of infectious diseases -To prevent the patient from becoming upset at the sight of blood -To prevent hypoperfusion

To prevent hypoperfusion

Which of the following is the primary reason why ambulances should have two oxygen supply systems? -To ensure a supply of oxygen for long-distance transports -To provide oxygen to two patients at one time -To provide oxygen to the patient in the event of vehicle breakdown -To have a backup system in the event of failure of the primary system

To provide oxygen to two patients at one time

Which of the following BEST describes the use of secondary​ triage? -To categorize patients who are found after all of the other patients have been triaged -To reevaluate the treatment priorities designated during primary triage -To be used when there are too many casualties to be categorized during the primary triage -To treat EMS workers who were injured while assisting in the first phase of the rescue operation

To reevaluate the treatment priorities designated during primary triage

Which of the following is the correct sequence for securing the straps on a long spine board? Selected Answer: Torso, legs, headAnswers: Torso, legs, headHead, torso, legsHead, legs, torsoLegs, torso, head

Torso, legs, head

Cartilage

Tough tissue that covers the joint ends of bones and helps to form certain body parts such as the ear.

Which of the following types of bandages should NOT be used by the EMT providing wound care? -Self-adherent roller gauze -Adhesive tape -Tourniquet -Triangular bandage

Tourniquet

Which of the following is an unreliable sign for determining the presence of a tension pneumothorax? -Signs and symptoms of shock -Trachea that shifts to the side opposite the injury -Shortness of breath -Distended neck veins

Trachea that shifts to the side opposite the injury

Which of the following is an unreliable sign for determining the presence of a tension pneumothorax? -Trachea that shifts to the side opposite the injury -Shortness of breath -Signs and symptoms of shock -Distended neck veins

Trachea that shifts to the side opposite the injury

Your patient is a 24-year-old male who is severely depressed. He tells you that he can't "handle the pressure" anymore and that he wants to die. He is refusing transport. Which of the following is the most appropriate decision regarding this patient's care? -Respect the patient's wishes; he is alert, oriented, and capable of giving consent. -Contact the patient's family to find out what their wishes are. -Leave the scene and allow law enforcement to handle the situation. -Transport the patient against his will with the assistance of law enforcement.

Transport the patient against his will with the assistance of law enforcement.

Your patient is a 24-year-old male who is severely depressed. He tells you that he can't "handle the pressure" anymore and that he wants to die. He is refusing transport. Which of the following is the most appropriate decision regarding this patient's care? -Respect the patient's wishes; he is alert, oriented, and capable of giving consent. -Contact the patient's family to find out what their wishes are. -Transport the patient against his will with the assistance of law enforcement. -Leave the scene and allow law enforcement to handle the situation.

Transport the patient against his will with the assistance of law enforcement.

Your patient is a 24-year-old male who is severely depressed. He tells you that he can't "handle the pressure" anymore and that he wants to die. He is refusing transport. Which of the following is the most appropriate decision regarding this patient's care? -Transport the patient against his will with the assistance of law enforcement. -Leave the scene and allow law enforcement to handle the situation. -Respect the patient's wishes; he is alert, oriented, and capable of giving consent. -Contact the patient's family to find out what their wishes are.

Transport the patient against his will with the assistance of law enforcement.

You respond to a boat dock for a diving injury. You find a 22-year-old female patient unresponsive with frothy blood in the mouth and lung sounds absent on the right side. The patient is breathing 28 times a minute. The patient's friends state they were diving when she unexpectedly came out of the water complaining of chest pains and then collapsed. The nearest hospital is 25 minutes away and the nearest specialty resource center with a hyperbaric chamber is 30 minutes away. What is the best decision when determining transport? Selected Answer: Transport the patient by ground to the specialty center.Answers:Transport the patient to the nearest facility. Transport the patient by ground to the specialty center.Transport the patient by air medical to the specialty center.Transport the patient by air medical to the nearest facility.

Transport the patient by ground to the specialty center.

You are stabilizing a patient who has just been stabbed in the chest to the right of the mediastinum. After placing the patient on supplemental oxygen, his shortness of breath resolves. You also cover the wound with an occlusive dressing. The patient is asymptomatic at the time you're making the decision to transport. Which of the following BEST encapsulates the correct strategy for transport? -Begin transport non-emergently and upgrade if the patient's condition deteriorates. -Transport the patient emergently because of the high index of suspicion for a serious injury. -The patient does not necessarily need transport, so allow him to refuse if he wants. -Transport the patient non-emergently because he's complaint free.

Transport the patient emergently because of the high index of suspicion for a serious injury.

You are stabilizing a patient who has just been stabbed in the chest to the right of the mediastinum. After placing the patient on supplemental oxygen, his shortness of breath resolves. You also cover the wound with an occlusive dressing. The patient is asymptomatic at the time you're making the decision to transport. Which of the following BEST encapsulates the correct strategy for transport? -Transport the patient non-emergently because he's complaint free. -Begin transport non-emergently and upgrade if the patient's condition deteriorates. -The patient does not necessarily need transport, so allow him to refuse if he wants. -Transport the patient emergently because of the high index of suspicion for a serious injury.

Transport the patient emergently because of the high index of suspicion for a serious injury.

Who is the person that is in charge of tracking the patient's final destination? Selected Answer: Transportation officerAnswers:Treatment officer Transportation officerIncident CommanderStaging officer

Transportation officer

What is the number one cause of death in pediatric​ patients? -Diabetes -Anaphylaxis -Trauma -Sepsis

Trauma

What is a less immediate benefit of trauma scores that does not involve determining whether a patient should go to a trauma​ center? -They provide proof of care in case of malpractice lawsuits. -A trauma score helps evaluate an​ EMT's standard of care. -Trauma scores are useful for medical billing and insurance coding. -Trauma centers may use the scores to compare outcomes of trauma patients with similar injuries.

Trauma centers may use the scores to compare outcomes of trauma patients with similar injuries.

Your patient was working on a car when it fell off the jack and trapped him between the tire and ground. His face is very blue and his eyes are bloodshot. Which of the following has the patient most likely suffered? -Flail chest -Pneumothorax -Traumatic asphyxia -Hemothorax

Traumatic asphyxia

Which of the following is the​ EMT's first priority for a patient who has been​ poisoned? -Identify the toxin. -Rule out attempted suicide. -Obtain baseline vital signs. -Treat immediate life threats.

Treat immediate life threats.

Which of the following is the EMT's role in caring for a patient with chest pain? -Provide automatic external defibrillation. -Make an interpretation of the patient's cardiac rhythm. -Treat the patient as though he were having a heart attack. -Determine the cause of the patient's chest pain.

Treat the patient as though he were having a heart attack.

Your patient has eaten a casserole that may have contained seafood. The patient is worried because he has a seafood allergy. Upon assessment, you find no signs or symptoms of anaphylaxis. The patient's vital signs are stable and he has an epinephrine auto-injector prescribed to him. Which of the following actions is most appropriate? -Try to find out if the casserole contained seafood. -Transport the patient rapidly before the onset of anaphylaxis. -Advise the patient that he does not require treatment and transport at this time. -Assist him with the administration of his epinephrine auto-injector.

Try to find out if the casserole contained seafood.

Your patient has eaten a casserole that may have contained seafood. The patient is worried because he has a seafood allergy. Upon assessment, you find no signs or symptoms of anaphylaxis. The patient's vital signs are stable and he has an epinephrine auto-injector prescribed to him. Which of the following actions is most appropriate? -Try to find out if the casserole contained seafood. -Transport the patient rapidly before the onset of anaphylaxis. -Assist him with the administration of his epinephrine auto-injector. -Advise the patient that he does not require treatment and transport at this time.

Try to find out if the casserole contained seafood.

Which of the following serious health problems is related to homelessness? -Liver disease -Heart disease -Tuberculosis -Hypertension

Tuberculosis

You are called at​ 6:00 a.m. to a private residence where the parents found their​ 9-month-old infant in the crib and not breathing. When you examine the​ baby, you note that rigor mortis is present. What should you​ do? -Transport the infant immediately and indicate to the parents that signs are hopeful. -Tell the parents that you will save their child. -Call ALS to the scene to confirm the rigor mortis and talk to the parents about it. -Turn your attention to supporting the parents.

Turn your attention to supporting the parents.

A​ 23-year-old male sustained a musculoskeletal injury to his leg while playing organized football. He reports that his cleated foot was planted into the field when he was hit with a force that caused him to rotate. He heard a snap at this point. What mechanism of injury was​ applied? -Crushing force -Indirect force -Twisting force -Direct force

Twisting force

Which of the following is a type of ambulance identified by the U.S. Department of​ Transportation? -Type I -​Modu-van -Rescue squad -Type A

Type I

Which of the following is a symbolic​ target? -Power plant -U.S. Capitol -School -Park

U.S. Capitol

An ambulance is typically classified according​ to: -US DOT specifications. -weight. -durability. -speed.

US DOT specifications.

Which patient is the most unstable? -Patient who only responds to verbal stimuli -Patient responsive to painful stimuli only -Unresponsive patient with hypotension -Unresponsive patient with tachycardia

Unresponsive patient with hypotension

Which of the following would LEAST likely indicate that an emergency is due to drugs or alcohol? -Unresponsive patient with unequal pupils -Hospital discharge order with a pain prescription -Empty liquor bottles at the scene -Open sores and scars to the upper arms

Unresponsive patient with unequal pupils

By what percentage does the maternal blood volume increase by the end of​ pregnancy? -Up to 60 percent -About 16 percent -Up to 48 percent -About 25 percent

Up to 48 percent

Which of the following is recommended in situations in which a tourniquet must be used? -Remove the tourniquet as soon as bleeding is controlled to minimize further damage to the limb. -Apply the tourniquet over the elbow or knee. -Apply a bulky dressing and bandage over the tourniquet. -Use a material that is wide and thick.

Use a material that is wide and thick.

Which of the following is recommended in situations in which a tourniquet must be used? -Use a material that is wide and thick. -Apply a bulky dressing and bandage over the tourniquet. -Apply the tourniquet over the elbow or knee. -Remove the tourniquet as soon as bleeding is controlled to minimize further damage to the limb.

Use a material that is wide and thick.

Your patient is a 16-year-old male who ran his truck off of the road and into a ditch. He was driving just fast enough to cause the air bag to deploy when he hit the ditch. He is complaining of some neck and shoulder pain. His vital signs are respirations 20, pulse 110, blood pressure 116/80, and pupils equal and reactive. How should you manage this patient? -Apply a cervical collar, and then rotate him to a long spine board. -Place him on oxygen, and then slowly move him to the stretcher. -Perform a rapid extrication and spinal immobilize him on a long spine board. -Use a short spine board or vest device, then transfer him to a long spine board.

Use a short spine board or vest device, then transfer him to a long spine board.

Which of the following is required in the management of all open soft-tissue injuries? -Provision of high-concentration oxygen -Application of a disinfectant solution -Cervical spine precautions -Use of Standard Precautions by the EMT

Use of Standard Precautions by the EMT

Which of the following is the MOST effective way of controlling external bleeding? -Using an ice pack -Running cold water over the wound -Using direct pressure with a dressing -Elevating the affected part

Using direct pressure with a dressing

Volatile Chemicals

Vaporizing compounds, such as cleaning fluid, that are breathed in by the abuser to produce a "high."

For a hypotensive​ patient, which of the following effects of epinephrine would be MOST​ important? -Vasoconstriction -Vasodilation -Bronchoconstriction -Increased capillary permeability

Vasoconstriction

Which of the following is an action caused by epinephrine in anaphylaxis? -Decreased heart rate -Vasoconstriction -Bronchoconstriction -All of these

Vasoconstriction

A patient uses a home ventilator connected to his tracheostomy tube to breathe. Which of the following is the correct procedure to use when moving this patient to the ambulance? -Ventilate the patient with mouth-to-mask ventilations at a normal rate and volume while the patient is disconnected from the ventilator. -Do nothing; there is no need to ventilate the patient between the house and the ambulance. -Ventilate the patient's nose and mouth with a bag-valve mask at a normal rate and volume while the patient is disconnected from the ventilator. -Ventilate the patient's tracheostomy tube via a connected bag-valve mask at a normal rate and volume while the patient is disconnected from the ventilator.

Ventilate the patient's tracheostomy tube via a connected bag-valve mask at a normal rate and volume while the patient is disconnected from the ventilator.

Rough handling of a patient with severe hypothermia may result in which of the following? Selected Answer: Ventricular fibrillationAnswers:Rewarming shockHeart attack Ventricular fibrillationSeizures

Ventricular fibrillation

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias cannot produce a pulse? -Ventricular fibrillation -Bradycardia -Ventricular dysrhythmia -Tachycardia

Ventricular fibrillation

Automatic defibrillation is NOT appropriate in most cases of infant cardiac arrest due to which of the following? -Ventricular fibrillation is not the primary cause of cardiac arrest in the pediatric patient. -The energy delivered by the AED would not be effective on an infant. -AEDs cannot effectively determine rhythms on patients weighing less than 20 pounds. -None of these

Ventricular fibrillation is not the primary cause of cardiac arrest in the pediatric patient.

Which agents cause chemical changes in the cells of exposed tissues almost immediately upon​ contact? -Vesicating -Riot control -Choking -Nerve

Vesicating

Cleaning fluid, glue, and model cement are common examples of which of the following? -Aromatic spirits -Narcotics -Volatile chemicals -Hallucinogens

Volatile chemicals

Cleaning fluid, glue, and model cement are common examples of which of the following? -Narcotics -Volatile chemicals -Aromatic spirits -Hallucinogens

Volatile chemicals

Your patient is an 18-year-old male who fell into a neighbor's swimming pool but was pulled out by bystanders. The neighbors report that the patient wandered into their yard and that he said he had a "funny numb feeling" in his head and his chest hurt before stumbling into the pool. As you are performing CPR, you notice that the mucous membranes in his mouth and nose are swollen. Which of the following would account for the patient's behavior and current condition? -Volatile chemicals -Carbon monoxide poisoning -Methamphetamine -GHB

Volatile chemicals

When responding to a multiple-casualty incident, staging refers to which of the following? -Setting up a triage center from the back of your ambulance -Keeping a log of all patients transported -Staying on station until called upon to receive a patient -Waiting in a designated location until called upon by the designated sector officer

Waiting in a designated location until called upon by the designated sector officer

Which of the following is a guideline for the treatment of chemical​ burns? -Immediately flush dry chemicals off the skin with copious amounts of water. -Wet the burned area with water and then let dry. -Wash away the chemical with flowing water. -Brush a chemical out of the eye from the corner of the eye to the bridge of the nose.

Wash away the chemical with flowing water.

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

Weapons, devices, or agents intended to cause widespread harm and/or fear among a population.

Disaster plans are a predefined set of instructions that should be written to address the events that are conceivable for a particular location and which other three parts? Selected Answer: Well publicized, realistic, and rehearsedAnswers: Well publicized, realistic, and rehearsedWell publicized, multijurisdictional, and rehearsedWritten, multijurisdictional, and rehearsedWritten, realistic, and rehearsed

Well publicized, realistic, and rehearsed

When answering a call for​ help, an Emergency Medical Dispatcher will ask all of the following questions EXCEPT which​ one? -What is your​ call-back number? -​What's the​ problem? -What is your​ location? -What is your insurance​ provider?

What is your insurance​ provider?

Which of the following questions is inappropriate when taking the history of a female patient with abdominal pain? -Have you had sexual intercourse since your last menstrual period? -If you are menstruating, is the flow normal? -Are you having vaginal bleeding or discharge now? -What is your sexual orientation?

What is your sexual orientation?

You are called to the scene of a 21-year-old female patient who is unresponsive. Her boyfriend suspects that she tried to commit suicide by overdosing on her depression medications. The patient is unresponsive to painful stimuli, with agonal respirations, and has vomited. She has a weak carotid pulse. After securing the airway and providing oxygen by bag-valve mask, what is the MOST important question the EMT can ask regarding the medication? -Were the medications new? -Why is she on that particular depression medication? -How many pills did she take? -What medication did she take?

What medication did she take?

You are called to the scene of a 21-year-old female patient who is unresponsive. Her boyfriend suspects that she tried to commit suicide by overdosing on her depression medications. The patient is unresponsive to painful stimuli, with agonal respirations, and has vomited. She has a weak carotid pulse. After securing the airway and providing oxygen by bag-valve mask, what is the MOST important question the EMT can ask regarding the medication? -Why is she on that particular depression medication? -What medication did she take? -How many pills did she take? -Were the medications new?

What medication did she take?

Which of the following is the most common device used for loading the patient into the​ ambulance? -Stokes basket -Scoop stretcher -Folding backboard -Wheeled ambulance stretcher

Wheeled ambulance stretcher

Which of the following would you expect to hear when auscultating the lungs of a patient having an anaphylactic reaction? -Coarse-sounding rhonchi -Wheezing -Fine, wet crackles or rales -Clear, adequate air movement

Wheezing

Behavioral emergency

When a patient's behavior is not typical for the situation; when the patient's behavior is unacceptable or intolerable to the patient, his family, or the community; or when the patient may harm himself or others.

Limb presentation

When an infant's limb protrudes from the vagina before the appearance of any other body part.

Which question is the most relevant when determining how long an ingested poison has been in the​ system? -When did the poisoning​ occur? -What substance was​ involved? -What effect is the patient experiencing from the​ poisoning? -What is the​ patient's weight?

When did the poisoning​ occur?

Etopic pregnancy

When implantation of the fertilized egg is not in the body of the uterus, occurring instead in the fallopian tube (oviduct), cervix, or abdominopelvic cavity.

Which of the following modifications is indicated in a small child with a respiratory​ problem? -When laying the child​ supine, pad behind the shoulders to maintain alignment of the airway structures. -Avoid assisting pediatric asthma patients with a​ metered-dose inhaler that has been prescribed to them. -Always administer​ oxygen, even when pulse oximetry indicates an SpO2 above​ 95%. -Hyperextend the neck when opening the airway.

When laying the child​ supine, pad behind the shoulders to maintain alignment of the airway structures.

Multiple birth

When more than one baby is born during a single delivery.

Crowning

When part of the body is visible through the vaginal opening.

Cephalic presentation

When the baby appears head first during birth. This is the normal presentation.

Breech presentation

When the baby's buttocks or both legs appear first during birth.

Decompensated Shock

When the body can no longer compensate for low blood volume or lack of perfusion. Late signs such as decreasing blood pressure become evident.

Spontaneous abortion

When the fetus and placenta deliver before the 28th week of pregnancy; commonly called a miscarriage.

At which point may manual stabilization of the cervical spine be terminated? -After a short immobilization device has been applied -When the patient is secured to a long backboard -Only when directed to do so by medical control -After a cervical collar has been applied

When the patient is secured to a long backboard

Prolapsed umbilical cord

When the umbilical cord presents first and is squeezed between the vaginal wall and the baby's head.

For the EMT, which of the following is the most important question to ask of a diabetic patient or his family members? -Do you have a family history of diabetes? -Do you have a fruity taste in your mouth? -What kind of insulin do you take? -When was the last time you had something to eat?

When was the last time you had something to eat?

Which of the follow is vehicle telemetry LEAST likely to be able to tell​ you? -Which part of the vehicle was struck -Vehicle speed at time of crash -Whether the driver suffered an amputation proximal to the wrist or ankle -Whether the vehicle rolled over

Whether the driver suffered an amputation proximal to the wrist or ankle

You are dispatched to a local industrial plant for an "electrical injury." You arrive on-scene and find a 46-year-old male lying supine in front of an electrical panel. You are told he was attempting to make a repair and somehow received an electrical shock and was thrown to the ground. The scene is safe and the electricity is off. Your initial exam reveals a conscious person, breathing adequately. Vital signs are normal and there are no obvious signs of burns. Coworkers state that he was unconscious until your arrival. What is the next step? -Load and go—conduct any other care in the ambulance en route due to the potential seriousness of the burns. -Stay with the patient awhile, and if he does not appear to be in distress, encourage him to refuse care. -Put the patient on oxygen and help him into your ambulance. -While on the scene, rapidly do a complete assessment, provide oxygen, provide care for potential spine injuries, and transport as soon as possible after the exam.

While on the scene, rapidly do a complete assessment, provide oxygen, provide care for potential spine injuries, and transport as soon as possible after the exam.

Your patient is a conscious 16-year-old female who has ingested an unknown number of sleeping pills. Which of the following questions is LEAST pertinent to the care of this patient? -Who do these sleeping pills belong to? -Has anyone tried to treat you with anything? -How much do you weigh? -Over what period of time did you take the pills?

Who do these sleeping pills belong to?

Which of the following describes the​ body's severe reaction after being deprived of an abused​ substance? -Overdose -Withdrawal -Toxicity -Dependency

Withdrawal

Which of the following is NOT used to calculate a patient's GCS? -Verbal response -Work of breathing -Motor response -Eye movement

Work of breathing

Which of the following is the easiest way for an EMT to communicate with a patient with drastic hearing loss? -Use a TDD/TYY telephone. -Slow down your speech so that the patient can read your lips. -Write your questions using paper and pen. -Speak loudly and directly into the patient's ear.

Write your questions using paper and pen.

Upon delivering a patient to the emergency department, you remove your gloves and find that your hands are red and itchy. Which of the following is most likely? -You have been exposed to an infectious disease through contact with the patient. -You are showing early signs of an anaphylactic reaction. -You have come into contact with poison ivy in the patient's yard. -You are having an allergic reaction to the latex in the gloves.

You are having an allergic reaction to the latex in the gloves.

Which of the following statements about assessment of an infant patient is​ FALSE? -It may be best to observe breathing from a distance. -You should hold the patient while you examine him. -Examine the heart and lungs first and the head last. -You need to keep the patient warm.

You should hold the patient while you examine him.

Which of the following statements about primary triage when resources are limited is​ TRUE? -CPR is begun on patients without breathing and a pulse if there are no injuries that are obviously incompatible with life. -You should open a​ patient's airway and control severe bleeding. -No interventions are performed during primary triage. -It is inappropriate for EMTs to assign​ "walking wounded" patients to assist more seriously injured patients.

You should open a​ patient's airway and control severe bleeding.

If an individual sustains a head injury and blood has accumulated on top of the brain but beneath the dural lining of the​ skull, this type of injury is​ termed: -an intracerebral laceration. -an epidural hematoma. -a subarachnoid hemorrhage. -a subdural hematoma.

a subdural hematoma.

Which of the following is the first concern when you are caring for a patient who has been in a vehicle collision? Selected Answer: Your own safetyAnswers:Preserving evidence, such as alcohol beverage bottles and vehicle positioning Your own safetyHelping law enforcement get the driver's name and insurance informationTreating life-threatening injuries

Your own safety

Possible injury to the cervical spine or brain could be indicated​ by: -a bruise on the head or neck. -a penetration of the sternum. -a contusion to the trunk. -an avulsion of an extremity.

a bruise on the head or neck.

You are dispatched to an incident where multiple victims have been exposed to a nerve agent. This​ is: -a chemical event. -a biological event. -an explosive event. -a radiological event.

a chemical event.

Victims at an unexplained mass casualty incident report seeing an odd mist coming from the​ building's ventilation system. You should​ suspect: -an explosive incident. -a chemical incident. -a radiological incident. -a nuclear incident.

a chemical incident.

If an elderly patient seems​ confused, this means that the patient​ has: -the residual effects of stroke. -dementia. -misused prescribed medications. -a condition or injury that must be assessed.

a condition or injury that must be assessed.

Most states have a provision in law that will allow a patient to be transported against his will if he is -obviously in need of care. -uncooperative. -belligerent. -a danger to himself or others.

a danger to himself or others.

Automatic Implanted Cardiac Defibrillator (AICD)

a device implanted under the skin of the chest to detect any life-threatening dysrhythmia and deliver a shock to defibrillate the heart.

A swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel​ is: -a blood blister. -a hematoma. -an ecchymosis. -a contusion.

a hematoma.

Surge capacity refers​ to: -the second wind EMTs often feel late in the response to an MCI. -the size of a staging area for a​ large-scale MCI. -a measurable representation of ability to manage a sudden influx of patients. -the formula for determining the number of ambulances to dispatch to a given incident.

a measurable representation of ability to manage a sudden influx of patients.

When assessing a​ patient, consider the possibility of closed​ soft-tissue injuries whenever there is​ swelling, pain, or​ deformity, as well as -a mechanism of blunt trauma. -penetrating trauma. -signs of underlying fractures. -a medical condition that would explain this presentation.

a mechanism of blunt trauma.

Rule of Nines

a method for estimating the extent of a burn.

When the fetus and placenta deliver before the twentieth​ week, refer to this​ as: -an abortion. -a miscarriage. -an induced abortion. -a spontaneous abortion.

a miscarriage.

Disregarding certain traffic laws while responding to an emergency​ is: -a privilege granted under law. -legal only for municipal employees. -against the law. -permitted only when a critical patient is on board.

a privilege granted under law.

A surgical opening in the neck into the trachea​ is: -a feeding tube. -a tracheostomy. -dialysis. -a disability.

a tracheostomy.

Your​ 35-year-old female patient has accidentally cut her forearm with a kitchen knife. You notice that the blood is dark red and has a steady flow. The patient is concerned she may have​ "cut an​ artery." Based on this​ finding, you should tell her that the source of the hemorrhage​ is: -an artery. -a capillary. -a vein. -an arteriole.

a vein.

A person exposed to an explosion is vomiting​ blood, which makes you​ suspect: -lung injury. -brain injury. -ear injury. -abdominal injury.

abdominal injury.

The severity of external bleeding is influenced by several​ factors, including the bleeding​ person's: -height and weight. -cardiovascular health. -ability to clot. -resistance to trauma.

ability to clot.

A wound in which the epidermis is scraped away with minimal bleeding, such as commonly occurs when a child falls on his knees on a sidewalk, is called a(n): -contusion. -evisceration. -abrasion. -avulsion.

abrasion.

It is characteristic of arterial bleeding to​ be: -gradual. -inconsistent. -abundant. -constant.

abundant.

Your partner is reviewing the actions of activated charcoal. You tell him that activated​ charcoal: -dilutes the poison prior to being absorbed by the body. -provides a laxative​ effect, resulting in diarrhea. -adheres to many​ poisons, reducing absorption by the body. -works well when an acid or alkali has been ingested.

adheres to many​ poisons, reducing absorption by the body.

A pneumothorax may occur​ when: -a hemothorax caused by a penetrating wound to the chest is left untreated for an extended period. -a fractured rib breaks through the skin of the outer chest and keeps the wound sealed with the bone end. -a sucking chest wound is sealed with an occlusive dressing that is taped on only three sides. -air leaks into the chest cavity from a damaged​ lung, with no opening through the outer chest.

air leaks into the chest cavity from a damaged​ lung, with no opening through the outer chest.

For a pediatric patient with complications related to a tracheostomy​ tube, your care will primarily focus on​ addressing: -dehydration. -airway problems. -trauma. -malnutrition.

airway problems.

Poor nutrition and GI bleeding are common complications​ of: -epilepsy. -alcohol abuse. -syncope. -hypertension.

alcohol abuse.

When assessing the mental status of a​ child, a well child will likely​ be: -inattentive. -unresponsive. -alert. -drowsy.

alert.

While you are en route to a young male patient who is reported to be combative and​ despondent, your FIRST course of action should be​ to: -speed up your​ response, as the situation has a potential for a bad outcome. -request additional EMTs to the scene to assist with​ "taking down" the patient. -alert​ police, and request their presence at the scene to establish its safety. -slow your response to allow time for the patient to relax and become more cooperative.

alert​ police, and request their presence at the scene to establish its safety.

If a person is allergic to bee​ stings, the venom from the bee is referred to as​ a(n): -catalyst. -allergen. -agent. -mediator.

allergen.

Scraping, rubbing, or shearing away of the outermost layer of the skin is​ called: -an avulsion. -an abrasion. -a laceration. -a contusion.

an abrasion.

Signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse include all of the following except: -an acetone or ketone odor to the breath. -nausea and vomiting. -swaying and unsteadiness of movement. -confusion.

an acetone or ketone odor to the breath.

Signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse include all of the following except: -confusion. -an acetone or ketone odor to the breath. -swaying and unsteadiness of movement. -nausea and vomiting.

an acetone or ketone odor to the breath.

A large puncture wound or laceration to the neck must be immediately sealed with an occlusive dressing to​ prevent: -cervical spine injury. -excessive bleeding. -airway compromise. -an air embolus.

an air embolus.

A fracture in which the broken bone segments are at an angle to each other is​ called: -a misaligned fracture. -a displaced fracture. -a greenstick fracture. -an angulated fracture.

an angulated fracture.

A substance that will neutralize a poison is​ called: -a cure. -an antidote. -an​ anti-drug. -a dilution.

an antidote.

An open abdominal wound with protruding organs is​ called: -an evisceration. -a flail abdomen. -an unstable abdomen. -a puncture wound.

an evisceration.

Severe abdominal trauma and blood loss may cause signs and symptoms of​ shock, which​ include: -a decreased heart rate. -hypertension. -an increased heart rate. -flushed skin.

an increased heart rate.

A patient who has​ "huffed" a volatile chemical is likely to​ experience: -a prolonged state of profound euphoria. -visionary hallucinations followed by violent nausea. -immediate unconsciousness. -an initial rush followed by depression of the central nervous system.

an initial rush followed by depression of the central nervous system.

The mechanism behind the cause of tearing pain​ is: -pressures imposed on the visceral organs from outside the abdominal cavity. -the pulling away of visceral organs from their supporting structures. -an injury that occurs to the inner layer of the​ aorta, causing leaking of blood to the outer layers. -a tearing of the parietal peritoneum.

an injury that occurs to the inner layer of the​ aorta, causing leaking of blood to the outer layers.

A burn injury should be considered to​ be: -primarily an emotionally scarring event. -an airway problem in the most severe cases. -a simple issue of tissue damage. -an injury with the potential for many​ far-reaching effects.

an injury with the potential for many​ far-reaching effects.

Some local protocols recommend that an abdominal evisceration should be covered with a sterile dressing moistened with sterile​ saline, followed​ by: -an occlusive dressing. -a sterile trauma pad. -a nonsterile bandage. -a dry bandage.

an occlusive dressing.

You arrive on scene at a motor vehicle crash where you notice that the patient has severe bleeding from her head with gray matter showing. This type of injury​ is: -an open skull fracture. -a mortal injury. -a closed head injury. -a subdural hematoma.

an open skull fracture.

A weakened area of an artery that balloons out and may rupture, causing catastrophic bleeding, is called: -asystole. -angioplasty. -aneurysm. -angina.

aneurysm.

Hazardous material​ is: -any material that poses an unreasonable risk to​ life, health, or property. -any material that is radioactive. -any material that is poisonous if ingested. -any material that is explosive or flammable.

any material that poses an unreasonable risk to​ life, health, or property.

A​ multiple-casualty incident​ is: -any trauma incident involving five or more critically injured patients. -any trauma incident involving a patient with multisystem injuries. -any medical or trauma incident that requires extensive rescue efforts. -any medical or trauma incident involving multiple patients.

any medical or trauma incident involving multiple patients.

To provide a drowning patient who is conscious and alert but too far away for you to reach with a means of​ flotation, throw: -any object that will float you have on hand. -a surfboard that you can see on the beach about 50 yards away. -any personal flotation device even if you have to run to get it. -a ring buoy that you remember seeing at a pier you drove past two minutes ago.

any object that will float you have on hand.

When treating a patient with musculoskeletal​ injuries, after addressing any​ life-threatening conditions,​ splint: -any fracture that has broken the skin. -any suspected extremity fracture. -injuries to the arms. -injuries to the legs.

any suspected extremity fracture.

With the exception of the ________, most abdominal organs are not able to sense tearing sensations. -aorta -liver -colon -ovaries

aorta

​"Tearing" abdominal pain is most likely caused by an emergency involving​ the: -aorta. -large intestine. -pancreas. -gallbladder.

aorta.

You are called to a 25-year-old male complaining of right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain. His other symptoms are nausea and vomiting, fever, and decreasing pain in the umbilicus area. As an EMT, you feel this patient might have: -cholecystitis. -appendicitis. -peritonitis. -pancreatitis.

appendicitis.

You are called to the scene of a 16-year-old female patient complaining of severe lower quadrant abdominal pain. The patient states she is sexually active. Upon palpation, you observe rebound tenderness in the right lower quadrant. You suspect: -appendicitis. -cholecystitis. -ectopic pregnancy. -renal colic.

appendicitis.

You are called to the scene of a 16-year-old female patient complaining of severe lower quadrant abdominal pain. The patient states she is sexually active. Upon palpation, you observe rebound tenderness in the right lower quadrant. You suspect: -ectopic pregnancy. -appendicitis. -renal colic. -cholecystitis.

appendicitis.

A teenage male has fallen onto a railing while skateboarding. He complains of right-sided chest pain and moderate dyspnea. Exposure of the chest reveals a section of his ribs that is moving opposite of the rest of the ribs. You should: -begin positive pressure ventilation. -cover the wound with an occlusive dressing. -roll the patient over onto his right side. -apply a bulky dressing over the section.

apply a bulky dressing over the section.

A teenage male has fallen onto a railing while skateboarding. He complains of right-sided chest pain and moderate dyspnea. Exposure of the chest reveals a section of his ribs that is moving opposite of the rest of the ribs. You should: -roll the patient over onto his right side. -begin positive pressure ventilation. -cover the wound with an occlusive dressing. -apply a bulky dressing over the section.

apply a bulky dressing over the section.

When transferring a patient to the​ ambulance, you​ must: -use at least three rescuers. -protect the​ patient's cervical spine. -appropriately package the patient. -place the patient in the position of comfort.

appropriately package the patient.

If you are taking the history of a female patient in labor and she answers yes to the question of whether she feels she has to move her​ bowels, then: -ask her if this is her first pregnancy. -tell her she must be crowning at this time. -do not let her go to the bathroom. -ask her if she feels her​ "bag of​ waters" has broken.

ask her if this is her first pregnancy.

Platelets are actually fragments of larger cells that are crucial to the formation of clots. Clumping (called aggregation) of platelets is the body's most rapid response to stop bleeding from an injured site. However, in some situations the clumping of platelets is not desirable, such as when a plaque in a coronary artery ruptures. In this situation, the rapid clumping of platelets can cause a clot that then completely blocks the coronary artery and results in a heart attack (myocardial infarction). One of the most effective and widely available drugs to prevent the aggregation of platelets is: -anemia. -aspirin. -hemoglobin. -plasma.

aspirin.

After administering the epinephrine​ auto-injector to your patient with​ anaphylaxis, you should pay particular attention​ to: -determining the​ patient's need for transport. -justifying your actions to medical control. -assessing the​ patient's airway,​ breathing, and circulation. -ensuring the patient has a prescription for epinephrine.

assessing the​ patient's airway,​ breathing, and circulation.

The emotional and psychological damage from burn​ injuries: -usually occurs only with the most severe injuries. -are not a concern for EMTs. -begins at the emergency scene. -typically are not long lasting.

begins at the emergency scene.

When caring for a patient who​ fell, you should if time​ permits: -assess orthostatic vital signs. -encourage the patient to refuse transport. -initiate rapid transport. -attempt to determine the cause of the fall.

attempt to determine the cause of the fall.

Your​ 24-year-old patient was riding an ATV through the woods and impaled herself on a dead tree branch. The​ one-inch diameter branch went in through her mouth and out her right cheek before breaking from the tree. You can see both ends of the penetrating branch. On your​ arrival, the patient is bleeding heavily into her mouth and is struggling to breathe unless she is leaning forward. To gain control of the​ patient's bleeding and thereby her​ airway, you​ should: -insert a nasopharyngeal airway. -attempt to remove the object. -pack the​ patient's mouth full of gauze and tell her to breathe through her nose. -sacrifice spinal immobilization and transport the patient in a sitting​ position, leaning forward.

attempt to remove the object.

Your patient is waking up from a seizure; it was the patient's first seizure ever. When you ask what happened, the patient tells you she had the smell of fresh mown grass just before she seized. This sensation is known as a(n): -postictal phase. -aura. -tonic phase. -clonic phase.

aura.

When performing a primary assessment of a patient with musculoskeletal​ injuries, you​ should: -consider multiple fractures to the femurs to be​ low-priority injuries. -avoid your focus being distracted by the most dramatic extremity injuries. -focus primarily on highly​ visible, external factors. -keep in mind that painful extremity injuries tend to be the most serious.

avoid your focus being distracted by the most dramatic extremity injuries.

Identification of chemical hazards starts​ with: -identification of hazardous materials placards. -seeing fumes in the air at the incident scene. -awareness and knowledge of what exists in the community. -being alerted to the presence of hazardous materials by dispatch.

awareness and knowledge of what exists in the community.

Another term for a compression injury to the spine​ is: -ankylosing spondylitis. -extension injury. -axial loading. -flexion injury.

axial loading.

The part of the skeleton that is made up from the skull and spinal column is called the: -appendicular skeleton. -boney skeleton. -axial skeleton. -torso.

axial skeleton.

To find the​ mother's uterus to initiate uterine massage to manage postpartum uterine​ bleeding, palpate the abdomen until you​ note: -a soft spot toward the lower half of the abdomen. -a​ square-shaped area just beneath the diaphragm. -an object about the size and shape of a banana. -a​ grapefruit-sized object.

a​ grapefruit-sized object.

​"Blast lung" is a consequence​ of: -blunt trauma. -penetrating shrapnel injuries. -thermal burns. -a​ high-energy overpressurization wave.

a​ high-energy overpressurization wave.

A behavioral emergency is one in​ which: -an emergency has caused EMS personnel to behave a particular way. -a​ patient's behavior is not typical for the situation. -an emergency demands specific behavior in response to it. -a​ person's behavior is necessary to address an emergency.

a​ patient's behavior is not typical for the situation.

Proper shielding for a chemical incident​ includes: -fire-protection clothing. -a HEPA mask. -a​ lead-lined structure. -a​ self-contained breathing apparatus.

a​ self-contained breathing apparatus.

When dealing with an adolescent​ patient, it is important​ to: -tell the patient that you will request law enforcement to the scene if needed. -be discreet when asking sensitive questions. -let the patient know that you​ aren't going to do anything he or she​ doesn't agree to. -tell the patient that he or she is too old to act uncooperatively.

be discreet when asking sensitive questions.

An EMS response to a highway accident scene​ should: -be limited to only the vehicles and manpower required to accomplish the mission. -involve enough vehicles to completely block the highway in both directions. -have at least twice the necessary vehicles and manpower required in order to respond to escalating situations. -involve enough vehicles and personnel to block half the​ highway, direct​ traffic, and treat patients.

be limited to only the vehicles and manpower required to accomplish the mission.

Your unconscious infant has a complete airway obstruction. You​ should: -alternate back blows and chest thrusts. -begin chest compressions. -sweep out the obstruction with a gloved finger. -administer abdominal thrusts.

begin chest compressions.

You are called for a pediatric patient who is on a ventilator. The ventilator is not functioning properly. You should​ immediately: -contact medical direction. -troubleshoot the ventilator. -leave the patient alone and wait for ALS personnel. -begin ventilating with a BVM.

begin ventilating with a BVM.

Retraction is a pulling of the skin and soft​ tissue: -between the ribs. -between the fingers and toes. -of the nostrils. -of the cheeks.

between the ribs.

Due to limited space and the unusual position of the​ accident, it is not possible to stage on the same side of the highway as a crashed vehicle with two patients not yet extricated from the wreckage. Traffic on the highway has not yet been blocked off. In this​ situation, it is BEST​ to: -cross the highway on foot to treat the patients for air evacuation. -cross the highway on foot and bring the patients back across the highway to the staging area. -block traffic on the highway as soon as possible. -cross the highway on foot but wait to bring patients back across the highway until it is blocked off.

block traffic on the highway as soon as possible.

Cardiac tamponade occurs​ when: -blood enters the pericardial sac surrounding the heart. -the chest is​ crushed, exerting pressure on the heart and forcing blood back into the coronary veins. -pressure from a tension pneumothorax compresses the heart. -air enters the pericardial sac surrounding the heart.

blood enters the pericardial sac surrounding the heart.

Chronic alcohol abusers often have​ deranged: -mental status. -expectations of care. -respiratory status. -blood sugar levels.

blood sugar levels.

Shock is typically caused by a problem with the​ heart, fluid​ volume, or: -cerebral hypoxia. -core temperature. -blood vessels. -age of the patient.

blood vessels.

As you care for a patient with a possible lower leg​ injury, you should assess the distal​ pulse, motor​ function, and​ sensation: -both before and after applying a splint to the leg. -only after the application of a splint to the leg. -only before applying a splint to the leg. -every five minutes until arrival at the hospital.

both before and after applying a splint to the leg.

It is a chilly fall morning and you are called to an RV campground for three patients who are complaining of headache, dizziness, and nausea. Your primary assessment reveals that they are cyanotic and have an altered mental status. You suspect: -food poisoning. -carbon monoxide poisoning. -bee sting. -snake bite.

carbon monoxide poisoning.

A patient has a dry powder poison covering both upper extremities and chest. You should: -immediately wash the powder off to prevent further exposure. -cover the patient's arms with a burn sheet to preserve the powder for the emergency room. -flush the area with large amounts of water and then brush the remaining poison off. -brush the powder off and irrigate the contaminated area with large amounts of water.

brush the powder off and irrigate the contaminated area with large amounts of water.

A patient has a dry powder poison covering both upper extremities and chest. You should: -immediately wash the powder off to prevent further exposure. -flush the area with large amounts of water and then brush the remaining poison off. -cover the patient's arms with a burn sheet to preserve the powder for the emergency room. -brush the powder off and irrigate the contaminated area with large amounts of water.

brush the powder off and irrigate the contaminated area with large amounts of water.

At a motor vehicle accident with a single​ patient, the patient is screaming hysterically. To take control of the​ situation, you need​ to: -keep your distance until the patient calms down. -shout at the patient to calm down right now. -insist that onlookers help you in restraining the patient. -calmly treat the patient as an individual.

calmly treat the patient as an individual.

A zoonotic​ disease: -affects animals only. -affects humans only. -can only be spread through close contact. -can cross from animals to humans.

can cross from animals to humans.

Microscopically small structures in the circulatory system that supply every cell in the body​ are: -arteries. -capillaries. -veins. -arterioles.

capillaries.

It is a chilly fall morning and you are called to an RV campground for three patients who are complaining of headache, dizziness, and nausea. Your primary assessment reveals that they are cyanotic and have an altered mental status. You suspect: -bee sting. -carbon monoxide poisoning. -food poisoning. -snake bite.

carbon monoxide poisoning.

It is a chilly fall morning and you are called to an RV campground for three patients who are complaining of headache, dizziness, and nausea. Your primary assessment reveals that they are cyanotic and have an altered mental status. You suspect: -snake bite. -food poisoning. -bee sting. -carbon monoxide poisoning.

carbon monoxide poisoning.

The pathophysiology of ________ is one in which the pericardial sac fills with blood to the point where the chambers of the heart no longer fill adequately, usually secondary to trauma. -cardiac tamponade -commotio cordis -pericardial effusion -hemopneumothorax

cardiac tamponade

The pathophysiology of ________ is one in which the pericardial sac fills with blood to the point where the chambers of the heart no longer fill adequately, usually secondary to trauma. -pericardial effusion -cardiac tamponade -hemopneumothorax -commotio cordis

cardiac tamponade

Jugular venous distention is MOST likely​ with: -commotio cordis. -evisceration. -hemothorax. -cardiac tamponade.

cardiac tamponade.

You are caring for a​ 62-year-old male patient who complains of chest​ pain, shortness of​ breath, and nausea. His heart rate is more than​ 120, and his blood pressure is​ 90/60. You notice some pallor and peripheral cyanosis on his​ cool, clammy skin. He is MOST likely suffering​ from: -cardiogenic shock. -neurogenic shock. -anaphylactic shock. -septic shock.

cardiogenic shock.

It is true that all bleeding involving external blood​ loss: -carries the risk of transmitted infection. -demands the administration of oxygen. -can be controlled through compression. -requires splinting or cold application.

carries the risk of transmitted infection.

The specific term or application of heat to the lateral​ chest, neck,​ armpits, and groin of a hypothermic patient​ is: -conduction. -passive rewarming. -active rewarming. -central rewarming.

central rewarming.

Your patient has been injured by a fall down a flight of steps. He is alert and oriented but complains of back and neck pain. You spinal immobilize him on a long spine board with a cervical collar on his neck as a precaution because you know that the: Selected Answer: cervical spine is the most vulnerable part of the spine.Answers: cervical spine is the most vulnerable part of the spine.coccyx is easily dislocated.lumbar area is rarely injured due to the rib support.thoracic spine is especially vulnerable to injury.

cervical spine is the most vulnerable part of the spine.

During primary assessment of a hypothermic​ patient, you​ should: -assume the patient is severely hypothermic. -apply active rewarming techniques. -check an awake​ patient's orientation to​ person, place, and time. -determine the extent of the hypothermia.

check an awake​ patient's orientation to​ person, place, and time.

CBRNE agents​ include: -chemical agents. -commercial agents. -clandestine agents. -condemned agents.

chemical agents.

You respond to a 75-year-old female who is complaining of epigastric pain that feels like heartburn. The pain radiates to the right shoulder. Her vital signs are stable and she has a previous history of a myocardial infarction. She has prescription nitroglycerin tablets. She is most likely suffering from: -cholecystitis. -Mittelschmerz. -renal colic. -abdominal aortic aneurysm.

cholecystitis.

You encounter a patient who has been having diffuse abdominal pain for one week. The patient has a pulse rate of 86, a blood pressure of 140/90, and a respiratory rate of 20. However, the patient appears pale, and complains of generalized weakness and shortness of breath during everyday activities. You suspect the patient is experiencing: -acute anemia. -anxiety disorder. -sickle cell anemia. -chronic anemia.

chronic anemia.

You encounter a patient who has been having diffuse abdominal pain for one week. The patient has a pulse rate of 86, a blood pressure of 140/90, and a respiratory rate of 20. However, the patient appears pale, and complains of generalized weakness and shortness of breath during everyday activities. You suspect the patient is experiencing: -acute anemia. -chronic anemia. -anxiety disorder. -sickle cell anemia.

chronic anemia.

You encounter a patient who has been having diffuse abdominal pain for one week. The patient has a pulse rate of 86, a blood pressure of 140/90, and a respiratory rate of 20. However, the patient appears pale, and complains of generalized weakness and shortness of breath during everyday activities. You suspect the patient is experiencing: -sickle cell anemia. -anxiety disorder. -chronic anemia. -acute anemia.

chronic anemia.

Your pediatric patient is mottled. In terms of the Pediatric Assessment​ Triangle, this would indicate a problem​ with: -airway. -work of breathing. -circulation to skin. -appearance.

circulation to skin.

If you cannot loosen or slip the umbilical cord over the​ baby's head,​ then: -clamp the cord in two places and cut the cord between the clamps. -pull the baby forward gently until you can create enough slack to loosen the cord. -the delivery must proceed with the cord in place. -push the baby backward gently until you can create enough slack to loosen the cord.

clamp the cord in two places and cut the cord between the clamps.

An internal injury with no open pathway from the outside is​ called: -partial. -simple. -second degree. -closed.

closed.

A loss of the normal ability to form a blood clot with internal or external bleeding​ is: -hemodialysis. -peritoneal dialysis. -anemia. -coagulopathy.

coagulopathy.

While you are preparing to transport a stable elderly patient from his home to the​ hospital, he asks you to tell his neighbor what is happening. You​ should: -document the​ patient's request on your encounter form. -tell the patient that this violates his confidentiality. -comply with the​ patient's request. -advise the patient that you will come back later and tell the neighbor.

comply with the​ patient's request.

When an individual sustains blunt force trauma to the head that results in a brief disruption of the neural network without any physical evidence or lasting residual​ effects, this would be termed​ a: -herniation. -concussion. -brain contusion. -cerebral hematoma.

concussion.

You arrive at the scene of a​ 25-year-old male patient who is reportedly suffering from an acute episode of paranoia schizophrenia and has threatened​ self-harm. On​ arrival, you should​ FIRST: -conduct a scene​ size-up and ensure the safety of the scene. -agree with what the patient​ says, even though it may sound outrageous to you. -ask everyone to stand back as you approach the patient cautiously. -engage the patient in conversation in an attempt to ground him in reality.

conduct a scene​ size-up and ensure the safety of the scene.

Chloe was born with a cardiac problem that she will have to manage the rest of her life. This disease is considered to be: -congenital. -autoimmune. -acquired. -genetic.

congenital.

For a patient with a known ingestion of an acid​ substance, you should​ immediately: -contact medical control or a poison control center. -administer activated charcoal in the appropriate dosage. -administer syrup of ipecac in the appropriate dosage. -administer an equivalent amount of an alkali to neutralize the acid.

contact medical control or a poison control center.

You respond to a 75-year-old female who is complaining of epigastric pain that feels like heartburn and radiates to the right shoulder. Her vital signs are stable and she has a previous history of myocardial infarction. She has prescription nitroglycerine tablets. An ALS unit is en route. After performing a physical examination and applying oxygen by nasal cannula, you should: -cancel the ALS unit: this is just gallstones and BLS can transport. -apply the AED and prepare for imminent cardiac arrest from a myocardial infarction. -contact medical control regarding the administration of the patient's nitroglycerin. -transport the patient in the Trendelenburg position for shock.

contact medical control regarding the administration of the patient's nitroglycerin.

You respond to a 75-year-old female who is complaining of epigastric pain that feels like heartburn and radiates to the right shoulder. Her vital signs are stable and she has a previous history of myocardial infarction. She has prescription nitroglycerine tablets. An ALS unit is en route. After performing a physical examination and applying oxygen by nasal cannula, you should: -cancel the ALS unit: this is just gallstones and BLS can transport. -transport the patient in the Trendelenburg position for shock. -apply the AED and prepare for imminent cardiac arrest from a myocardial infarction. -contact medical control regarding the administration of the patient's nitroglycerin.

contact medical control regarding the administration of the patient's nitroglycerin.

One rescuer in deep water​ should, when finding the patient facedown in the​ water, swim to a position beside the​ patient, support the​ patient's head with one hand and the mandible with the​ other, rotate the patient by ducking under​ him, and: -release manual​ in-line stabilization. -continue to rotate until the patient is faceup. -immobilize the​ patient's spine with a backboard. -lift the patient from the water.

continue to rotate until the patient is faceup.

After you assess the ABCs of an ESRD patient with complications of​ dialysis, you should​ immediately: -control any serious bleeding from the site of the​ A-V fistula. -transport the patient. -administer supplemental oxygen. -treat for shock.

control any serious bleeding from the site of the​ A-V fistula.

You have covered an open chest wound with your gloved hand and the patient's breathing has improved. In order to free your hand to provide further care, you should: -remove your hand to see if the wound has closed. -apply a bulky dressing over the wound. -cover the wound with a sterile dressing. -cover the wound with an occlusive dressing.

cover the wound with an occlusive dressing.

To conserve your pediatric​ patient's body​ heat, you​ should: -cover the​ patient's head and torso. -keep the​ patient's head covered but not the torso. -keep the​ patient's head and torso exposed. -cover the​ patient's torso but not the head.

cover the​ patient's head and torso.

The sound or feeling of the ends of broken bones rubbing together is called: -breakilation. -crapilation. -crepitus. -krepitus.

crepitus.

An injury caused by heavy pressure to the tissues, such as when an extremity is trapped under a fallen tree, that results in damage to muscle cells and the accumulation of waste products in the tissue is called a(n): -contusion. -evisceration. -abrasion. -crush injury.

crush injury.

Many stroke patients are candidates for thrombolytic drugs. One of the most important things that an EMT can do to optimize the care of a stroke patient who is a candidate for the drugs is: -do a thorough physical exam of the patient. -transport the patient to a Level I Trauma Center. -determine the exact time of onset of symptoms. -transport to the closest hospital since the patient must go to the operating room as soon as possible.

determine the exact time of onset of symptoms.

To control​ bleeding, start​ with: -a tourniquet. -a hemostatic dressing. -direct pressure and elevation. -an occlusive dressing.

direct pressure and elevation.

The method of bleeding control that is the FIRST and MOST successful method to try​ is: -direct pressure. -a tourniquet. -the application of cold. -the use of a pressure point.

direct pressure.

All of the following are general rules in dealing with a psychiatric patient except: -listen to the patient, showing you are listening by repeating part of what the patient says back to him. -make eye contact with the patient. -speak slowly and clearly, and use a calm and reassuring tone. -do not be judgmental; instead, show pity, as he needs to know that you understand him.

do not be judgmental; instead, show pity, as he needs to know that you understand him.

All of the following are general rules in dealing with a psychiatric patient except: -make eye contact with the patient. -speak slowly and clearly, and use a calm and reassuring tone. -listen to the patient, showing you are listening by repeating part of what the patient says back to him. -do not be judgmental; instead, show pity, as he needs to know that you understand him.

do not be judgmental; instead, show pity, as he needs to know that you understand him.

The sterile material that is placed directly on a wound is termed​ the: -bandage. -self-adherent roller gauze. -cravat. -dressing.

dressing.

Full turnout gear should be​ worn: -at all accident scenes. -when landing an EMS helicopter. -during extrication. -in cold weather.

during extrication.

The beginning of contractions to full cervical dilation​ occurs: -after the baby enters the birth canal. -with the delivery of the placenta. -after pregnancy. -during the first stage of labor.

during the first stage of labor.

Application of a cervical collar to a patient should​ happen: -after loading the patient to initiate transport. -before addressing any​ life-threatening conditions. -during the secondary assessment. -during the primary assessment.

during the secondary assessment.

If the ovum implants in the fallopian​ tubes, the patient is at risk​ for: -pregnancy-induced hypertension. -ectopic pregnancy. -supine hypotensive syndrome. -hypertensive crises.

ectopic pregnancy.

The correct terminology used for patients whose kidneys are damaged to the point where they require dialysis to survive is: -end-stage renal disease. -terminal kidney disease. -hepatic failure. -acute renal failure.

end-stage renal disease.

Once a pressure dressing has been​ applied, the EMT should​ NEXT: -place the patient on​ high-flow oxygen. -obtain a baseline set of vital signs. -immediately check for a distal pulse. -ensure that bleeding is controlled.

ensure that bleeding is controlled.

You are caring for a​ 19-year-old female who is complaining of vaginal bleeding. She states that she is not pregnant and is not menstruating. You​ should: -inform the patient that she must be either pregnant or menstruating. -let the patient know that the bleeding is normal. -recommend that the patient contact her gynecologist. -ensure the airway is​ adequate, assess for​ shock, and transport the patient.

ensure the airway is​ adequate, assess for​ shock, and transport the patient.

The skin is the largest organ of the body. It is composed of three​ layers, including​ the: -subdermis. -sebaceous layer. -epidermis. -superior dermis.

epidermis.

Bones are covered by a​ strong, white, fibrous material called​ the: -appendicular skeleton. -pericardium. -axial skeleton. -periosteum.

periosteum.

Your pediatric patient has a sudden onset of high fever and painful swallowing and is found in the tripod position. You should​ suspect: -croup. -flu. -asthma. -epiglottitis.

epiglottitis.

A patient has inhaled a​ poison, and specialized personnel have removed the patient to a safe area away from the source of the poison. You​ should: -take baseline vital signs. -gather the​ patient's history. -contact medical direction. -establish an open airway.

establish an open airway.

Yours is the first unit to arrive on the scene of a highway accident during a storm. There are several vehicles and patients​ involved, and visibility is poor. Your FIRST action should be​ to: -begin care for the most critical patient. -establish command and confirm the exact location with dispatch. -remain in the vehicle until the weather improves. -announce on the PA that all patients should stay where they are.

establish command and confirm the exact location with dispatch.

Your patient is exhibiting bizarre and aggressive behavior; he starts shouting and becomes violent. He has extra strength and appears insensitive to pain. Drug paraphernalia is visible on-scene. This behavior is known as: -chemical delirium. -intoxication reaction. -excited delirium. -sensory excitement.

excited delirium.

Your patient is exhibiting bizarre and aggressive behavior; he starts shouting and becomes violent. He has extra strength and appears insensitive to pain. Drug paraphernalia is visible on-scene. This behavior is known as: -intoxication reaction. -excited delirium. -sensory excitement. -chemical delirium.

excited delirium.

Your patient is exhibiting bizarre and aggressive behavior; he starts shouting and becomes violent. He has extra strength and appears insensitive to pain. Drug paraphernalia is visible on-scene. This behavior is known as: -sensory excitement. -intoxication reaction. -excited delirium. -chemical delirium.

excited delirium.

EMTs may come across a situation where a patient begins to act extremely agitated or psychotic. Elevated temperature and sometimes alcohol or drug intoxication may be present. The patient will soon cease struggling, and often within minutes the patient develops inadequate or absent respirations and subsequently dies. It is important for the EMT to be alert for this sequence of events in a patient who exhibits this behavior and monitor the patient constantly throughout the call. This condition is called: -excited psychosis. -psychotic delirium. -bipolar disorder. -excited or agitated delirium.

excited or agitated delirium.

EMTs may come across a situation where a patient begins to act extremely agitated or psychotic. Elevated temperature and sometimes alcohol or drug intoxication may be present. The patient will soon cease struggling, and often within minutes the patient develops inadequate or absent respirations and subsequently dies. It is important for the EMT to be alert for this sequence of events in a patient who exhibits this behavior and monitor the patient constantly throughout the call. This condition is called: -psychotic delirium. -bipolar disorder. -excited psychosis. -excited or agitated delirium.

excited or agitated delirium.

Your patient is 39 weeks pregnant and complaining of contractions that are 2 minutes apart. She tells you that she needs to use the bathroom before transport. You​ should: -explain that it is a normal sensation that will go away as birth gets closer. -explain that the sensation might indicate that she is close to delivery and you need to check to see whether the​ baby's head is in the birth canal. -explain that it is not possible to allow her to go to the restroom and place her on the stretcher for transport. -assist the patient in getting up and let her know that you will be right outside the bathroom if she needs anything.

explain that the sensation might indicate that she is close to delivery and you need to check to see whether the​ baby's head is in the birth canal.

An object that is impaled in the abdomen should​ be: -immediately removed. -slowly removed. -stabilized in place. -twisted while being pulled out.

stabilized in place.

Transporting a patient to the hospital against his will could place the EMT in danger of being held liable for: -kidnapping. -false imprisonment. -assault and battery. -unlawful consent.

false imprisonment.

The purpose of the spleen is​ to: -aid in digestion and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. -hold bile that aids in the digestion of fats. -filter nutrients from the blood and store glucose. -filter blood and aid in the immune response.

filter blood and aid in the immune response.

There are three broad categories of elder​ abuse: physical,​ psychological, and: -obstructive. -familial. -hidden. -financial.

financial.

A fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allows for free movement of the fractured segment is called​ a: -commotio cordis. -cardiac tamponade. -flail chest. -cardiac contusion.

flail chest.

Problems with the kidneys can sometimes present with pain to​ the: -flank. -neck. -feet. -chest.

flank.

Poisons that enter through the eye should be treated​ by: -flushing with clean water. -flushing with milk. -flushing with​ 0.9% normal saline solution. -flushing with eye drops.

flushing with clean water.

To identify whether a pediatric patient with burns is a candidate for a burn​ center, you​ should: -call for an ALS intercept. -follow local protocols. -use The Rule of Nines. -consult​ on-line medication.

follow local protocols.

The hole where the spinal cord exits the cranium is called​ the: -tentorium cerebri. -brainstem. -foramen magnum. -vertebral foramen.

foramen magnum.

Your patient is a 3-year-old girl who is unable to move her elbow after her mother picked her up by the forearm. Proper splinting of this injury would be to immobilize from the ________ to the ________. -wrist; shoulder -fingertips; shoulder -forearm; humerus -wrist; elbow

forearm; humerus

The first time someone is exposed to an​ allergen, the immune​ system: -releases histamine and other chemicals. -triggers anaphylactic shock. -triggers an allergic reaction. -forms antibodies in response.

forms antibodies in response.

Biological doses are measured​ in: -pounds per square inch. -milligrams per kilogram of body weight. -fractions of micrograms per kilogram of body weight. -parts per million.

fractions of micrograms per kilogram of body weight.

A type of musculoskeletal injury involving the bones and that can be classified as open or closed is​ a: -dislocation. -strain. -sprain. -fracture.

fracture.

A boating accident may produce a range of injuries such​ as: -heat​ cramps, heat​ exhaustion, and heat stroke. -hypothermia and hyperthermia. -evaporation, conduction,​ radiation, and convection. -fractured​ bones, bleeding,​ soft-tissue injuries, and airway obstructions.

fractured​ bones, bleeding,​ soft-tissue injuries, and airway obstructions.

You suspect that your patient has been sexually assaulted. You​ should: -ask the patient to notify law enforcement. -ask the patient to describe exactly what happened. -fulfill any locally mandated reporting requirements. -document who likely committed the assault.

fulfill any locally mandated reporting requirements.

White and dry to dark brown or black and charred skin is a sign of​ a: -superficial burn. -full thickness burn. -partial thickness burn. -second-degree burn.

full thickness burn.

You are treating a patient who has inhaled a poison. You have inserted a nasopharyngeal airway and have begun​ high-concentration oxygen via nonrebreather mask.​ Next, you​ should: -establish an open airway. -contact medical direction. -gather the​ patient's history, take vital​ signs, and expose the chest for auscultation. -transport the patient.

gather the​ patient's history, take vital​ signs, and expose the chest for auscultation.

In an anaphylactic​ reaction, hives​ are: -blotchy and red. -localized. -absent. -generalized.

generalized.

An automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator delivers a single shock when it detects a​ life-threatening rhythm that​ is: -likely to arc to caregivers who touch the patient when the shock is delivered. -usually painless for the patient. -typically enough to correct any dysrhythmia. -generally rated as 6 on a​ 1-to-10 pain scale.

generally rated as 6 on a​ 1-to-10 pain scale.

Delirium tremens is a condition characterized by​ sweating, trembling,​ anxiety, and: -blackout. -euphoria. -lethargy. -hallucinations.

hallucinations.

If the patient is at risk for developing cardiac arrest during​ transport, the EMT​ should: -place the patient prone. -have a backboard ready. -apply the AED. -delay transport.

have a backboard ready.

Most dialysis​ patients: -experience chronic peritonitis. -are on dialysis only temporarily. -recover normal kidney function. -have other underlying diseases.

have other underlying diseases.

You are the first on the scene of a two-car vehicle collision. Your patient is a front passenger who is unresponsive inside the vehicle. The patient is trapped and the vehicle is on fire. The fire department is still en route. You should: Selected Answer: perform an emergency move.Answers: have the fire department rescue the patient.perform an urgent move.use your fire extinguisher to put out the fire.perform an emergency move.

have the fire department rescue the patient.

If a parent of your critically ill or injured pediatric patient is interfering with patient​ care, you​ should: -stop patient care and calm the parent down. -have the parent removed from the​ patient-care area. -contact medical direction for advice. -refuse to treat the child further until the parent calms down.

have the parent removed from the​ patient-care area.

For an ingested weapon to be​ effective, it​ would: -have to survive in an acidic environment. -have a very high pH level. -need to deliver a lethal dose within two hours. -require a very alkaline environment.

have to survive in an acidic environment.

Involving the parent in the​ child's care will MOST​ likely: -help the parent and the child. -compromise patient care. -be a HIPAA violation. -violate your EMT oath.

help the parent and the child.

A wound under the skin that involves the collection of blood from injury to a large blood vessel is called​ a: -contusion. -concussion. -hematoma. -crush injury.

hematoma.

You respond to a 65-year-old patient complaining of abdominal pain. Your physical exam reveals a nonpulsating mass in the lower left quadrant. You suspect: -aortic abdominal aneurysm. -hernia. -appendicitis. -splenic rupture.

hernia.

You respond to a 65-year-old patient complaining of abdominal pain. Your physical exam reveals a nonpulsating mass in the lower left quadrant. You suspect: -hernia. -splenic rupture. -appendicitis. -aortic abdominal aneurysm.

hernia.

The process by which the brain is compressed toward and through the foramen magnum is known​ as: -concussion. -subdural hematoma. -cerebral contusion. -herniation.

herniation.

The steps in administering epinephrine by​ auto-injector include: -pushing the injector firmly against the​ patient's buttock until the needle is deployed. -drawing up the medication into the syringe. -holding the injector in place until all the medication has been injected. -placing the injector back in its container for reuse.

holding the injector in place until all the medication has been injected.

Two chronic medical conditions that dialysis patients frequently have in addition to kidney failure are ________ and ________. -hypertension; diabetes -high cholesterol; cerebral aneurysms -blood clots; COPD -heart failure; stroke

hypertension; diabetes

The condition in which there is an insufficient amount of sugar in the blood is called: -hypoglycemia. -diabetic coma. -hyperglycemia. -diabetic ketoacidosis.

hypoglycemia.

If blood is not circulated adequately through the​ body's capillaries, cells become starved for oxygen and nutrients and overloaded with carbon dioxide and waste products. This condition is known​ as: -hypotension. -circulatory depression. -cardiac compromise. -hypoperfusion.

hypoperfusion.

Applying a wet burn sheet to a pediatric burn patient increases the risk​ of: -increased pain. -fluid retention. -hypothermia. -hypoxia.

hypothermia.

Wind and wet clothing increase the pediatric​ patient's risk​ of: -hypothermia. -hypotension. -hypoxia. -hyperthermia.

hypothermia.

Localized cold injury occurs due to vasoconstriction and: Selected Answer: ice crystal formation in the tissues.Answers: ice crystal formation in the tissues.loss of calcium.chemical imbalance in the tissues.blood clots.

ice crystal formation in the tissues.

Your 38-year-old male patient has been injured in an assault. He has several facial lacerations and a large knot on his head. Bystanders say that he was thrown over a large table and landed on his head and shoulder. As part of your scene size-up and primary assessment, you should: -splint any other bone or joint injuries. -immobilize his cervical spine. -wait for ALS to treat the patient. -complete an initial set of vital signs.

immobilize his cervical spine.

Guidelines for splinting​ long-bone injuries​ include: -assessing the radial pulse for a lower extremity injury. -immobilizing the hand or foot in the position of function. -splinting the injured extremity to the uninjured extremity. -having the patient bend the leg at the knee to check motor function.

immobilizing the hand or foot in the position of function.

An allergic reaction is an abnormal response of​ the: -immune system. -cardiac system. -endocrine system. -nervous system.

immune system.

Paralysis of the extremities is a reliable sign of spinal cord​ injury: -in pediatric patients. -if accompanied by paresthesia. -if verbal response is also impaired. -in patients who are conscious.

in patients who are conscious.

When responding to an emergency located on an interstate highway in a medium-duty ambulance, the vehicle should be positioned: -in a safe location in the emergency lane of the interstate. -across as many lanes as possible to block oncoming traffic. -in the same direction as other response vehicles in a single line. -to one side of the damaged vehicles for easy egress.

in the same direction as other response vehicles in a single line.

Hypoperfusion​ is: -reduced blood volume. -inadequate blood flow to the tissue. -reduced oxygen saturation of the blood. -inadequate oxygen delivery to the tissue.

inadequate blood flow to the tissue.

All shock​ involves: -heart failure -sepsis -hypertension -inadequate tissue perfusion

inadequate tissue perfusion

In a greenstick​ fracture, the break​ is: -straight through the bone. -incomplete. -through the skin. -in several places.

incomplete.

A​ 10-year-old male was stung by several bees. Shortly after the​ envenomation, his face became severely swollen. This edema is the result​ of: -decreased histamine production. -increased capillary permeability. -decreased capillary permeability. -vasoconstriction.

increased capillary permeability.

Abnormally high pressure within the skull is known​ as: -concussive injury. -increased intracranial pressure. -intracranial hemorrhage. -cerebral hypertension.

increased intracranial pressure.

If arriving units are not needed right​ away, they should wait in​ the: -triage area. -staging area. -transportation area. -treatment area.

staging area.

The pain from a myocardial infarction is often described​ as: -severe heart pain. -epigastric pain. -chest pain. -indigestion or digestive discomfort.

indigestion or digestive discomfort.

Your patient fell from the roof of a​ one-story building and landed flat footed. Damage to the​ patient's knees would MOST likely be the result​ of: -rotational force. -twisting force. -direct force. -indirect force.

indirect force.

The medications that transplant patients need to take for the rest of their lives to prevent organ rejection also often lead to high susceptibility of: -congestive heart failure. -infection. -renal failure. -ulcers.

infection.

Recipients of kidney transplants are much more prone​ to: -high blood pressure. -heart failure. -infections. -abnormal weight loss.

infections.

An injury to the hollow organs in the abdomen typically leads​ to: -rupture of the kidneys. -life-threatening blood loss. -inflammation and infection. -pneumothorax.

inflammation and infection.

Improperly prepared foods are an example of poison that​ is: -absorbed. -inhaled. -ingested. -injected.

ingested.

Activated charcoal is only indicated for patients who have been exposed to poisons via​ the: -ingestion route. -inhalation route. -injection route. -absorption route.

ingestion route.

When asking what effects a patient is experiencing from exposure to a poison during the secondary​ assessment, difficulty​ breathing, coughing, and hoarseness are signs​ of: -ingested poison. -injected poison. -inhaled poison. -absorbed poison.

inhaled poison.

When treating a patient with damage to the facial​ bones, you should have a high index of suspicion​ for: -injury to the brain. -cranial cohesion -thoracic separation. -aphagia.

injury to the brain.

If your patient is an unconscious​ six-year-old and you have determined that there is no gag​ reflex, you​ should: -lubricate the oropharyngeal airway with a​ water-soluble gel and insert it with tip upward. -insert an oropharyngeal airway into the​ airway, following the natural curvature of the pharynx. -rotate an oropharyngeal airway 180 degrees into position. -insert a nasopharyngeal airway in the left nostril.

insert an oropharyngeal airway into the​ airway, following the natural curvature of the pharynx.

Shortness of breath in an elderly patient is LEAST likely to be​ from: -myocardial infarction. -emphysema. -internal bleeding. -pulmonary edema.

internal bleeding.

Restraining a​ patient: -should be as forceful as possible to ensure success. -is a decision​ you'll likely make in the moment. -involves careful planning and adequate assistance. -is always indicated for any patient in a behavioral emergency.

involves careful planning and adequate assistance.

​Hemodialysis: -is typically performed at home. -is the least common form of dialysis. -involves two large catheters. -uses gravity to perform dialysis.

involves two large catheters.

Standard management of chemical burn caused by a terrorist incident includes: Selected Answer: irrigating vigorously with cool water.Answers:leaving any corrosive materials on the skin.rinsing the area with ice water. irrigating vigorously with cool water.using a neutralizing agent.

irrigating vigorously with cool water.

Common signs and symptoms following an injury to a hollow abdominal organ include: -massive hemorrhage. -irritation and peritonitis. -increasing intrathoracic pressures. -absence of unilateral pulses.

irritation and peritonitis.

A patient with more than one serious​ injury: -is a triage patient. -is a multiple trauma patient. -is a multisystem trauma patient. -has a triage score of 3.

is a multiple trauma patient.

A sunken fontanelle may indicate that the​ infant: -is dehydrated. -has increased intracranial pressure. -is hypoglycemic. -has a birth defect.

is dehydrated.

A hormone called insulin is secreted by the: -islets of Langerhans in the liver. -gallbladder found in the pancreas. -islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. -None of these.

islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.

Cold is sometimes used to help control bleeding. When using cold, the following guidelines and statements are true except: -it will reduce pain. -it should not be left in place for more than 20 minutes. -it should be applied directly to the skin; it will not be effective if anything is between the cold agent and the wound. -it should not be used alone but rather in conjunction with other manual techniques.

it should be applied directly to the skin; it will not be effective if anything is between the cold agent and the wound.

The most frequently transplanted organ is the: -heart. -pancreas. -kidney. -liver.

kidney.

Dialysis is the process by which toxins and excess fluid are removed from the body by a medical system independent of​ the: -liver. -spleen. -heart. -kidneys.

kidneys.

When caring for a patient with an impaled object in the​ abdomen, the EMT​ should: -remove the object if it slips out easily. -leave the impaled object in place and stabilize it with bulky dressings. -remove the object and seal the wound with an occlusive dressing. -quickly remove the impaled object and apply direct pressure to the wound.

leave the impaled object in place and stabilize it with bulky dressings.

When treating a pediatric​ patient, you should​ NEVER: -lie to the patient. -do anything that causes pain. -initiate any treatment without parental consent. -assume that the patient is being honest.

lie to the patient.

The tough connective tissues that bind bone ends together at joints are​ termed: -tendons. -periosteum. -cartilage. -ligaments.

ligaments.

Volatile chemicals are agents that are able to change easily from a ________ form to a ________ form. -solid; liquid -solid; vapor -liquid; gas -gas; liquid

liquid; gas

Cooling or freezing particular parts of the body​ is: -wind chill. -conduction. -local cooling. -air chill.

local cooling.

While transporting a patient who has an indwelling Foley catheter, it is important to keep the collection bag: -level with the patient. -higher than the level of the patient. -lower than the level of the patient. -with the patient's caregiver.

lower than the level of the patient.

When managing a patient who may hurt himself or others, you should do all of the following except: -make sure only you and the patient are in the room. -retreat if the patient becomes threatening. -keep bystanders a safe distance away. -watch for sudden changes in the patient's behavior.

make sure only you and the patient are in the room.

For an alert hypothermic patient you have removed from a cold environment and are now ready to begin actively​ rewarming, after removing the​ patient's wet​ clothes, you should​ NOT: -wrap the patient in dry blankets. -dress the patient in dry clothes. -massage the​ patient's extremities. -keep the patient still.

massage the​ patient's extremities.

A patient carrying a prescribed epinephrine​ auto-injector: -may not legally allow anyone else to use the device. -must use the device only if diagnosed as anaphylactic by a physician. -will be proficient in its use. -may ask you for assistance with using the device.

may ask you for assistance with using the device.

Emotionally incapacitated​ EMTs: -must leave the​ area, clock​ out, and go home. -must observe on scene without providing treatment. -may rest until they are ready to return to duty. -may not return to duty even after they have rested.

may not return to duty even after they have rested.

Patients who suffer acute renal​ failure: -never recover normal kidney function. -may recover normal kidney function if the cause is rapidly discovered and treated. -likely have an inherited disease such as polycystic kidney disease. -are unlikely to develop chronic renal failure.

may recover normal kidney function if the cause is rapidly discovered and treated.

As an EMT, your BEST clue indicating the possibility of internal bleeding may be the presence of: -painful, swollen, or deformed extremities. -a tender, rigid, or distended abdomen. -bruising, swelling, or pain over vital organs. -mechanism of injury.

mechanism of injury.

Amniotic fluid that is greenish or​ brownish-yellow rather than clear as a result of fetal defecation is known​ as: -bloody show. -bile. -mucus plug. -meconium staining.

meconium staining.

When providing care to a patient having a sickle cell​ crisis, you are MOST likely to need to request ALS to​ provide: -pain control. -intravenous cannulation. -cardiac defibrillation. -needle decompression.

pain control.

Organs of the right upper quadrant include: -most of the liver, gallbladder, and part of the large intestine. -most of the liver, spleen, and gallbladder. -small intestine, stomach, and spleen. -pancreas, spleen, and part of the liver.

most of the liver, gallbladder, and part of the large intestine.

Organs of the right upper quadrant include: -most of the liver, spleen, and gallbladder. -most of the liver, gallbladder, and part of the large intestine. -small intestine, stomach, and spleen. -pancreas, spleen, and part of the liver.

most of the liver, gallbladder, and part of the large intestine.

Organs of the right upper quadrant include: -small intestine, stomach, and spleen. -most of the liver, spleen, and gallbladder. -pancreas, spleen, and part of the liver. -most of the liver, gallbladder, and part of the large intestine.

most of the liver, gallbladder, and part of the large intestine.

The three sections of the Glasgow Coma Scale​ (GCS) include: -motor response. -level of consciousness. -breathing effort. -appearance.

motor response.

To be classified as​ "walking wounded" in primary​ triage, a​ patient: -must be in arrest. -must have burns without airway problems. -must have major or multiple bone or joint injuries. -must have only minor musculoskeletal or​ soft-tissue injuries.

must have only minor musculoskeletal or​ soft-tissue injuries.

Your patient is very lethargic​ and, according to​ family, acting abnormally. During your​ assessment, you note that the patient has bilateral pinpoint pupils. This finding is MOST likely due​ to: -a traumatic brain injury. -a subdural hematoma. -an allergic reaction. -narcotic use.

narcotic use.

You are transporting a resident of a nursing home to the hospital for a complaint of abdominal pain for 3 days. During your assessment, you note a tube protruding from the patient's nose, which is connected to a bag of milky-white fluid. This tube is known as a: -tracheal tube. -gastric tube. -J-tube. -nasogastric tube.

nasogastric tube.

When disconnecting a battery cable to disrupt a vehicle's electrical system, the EMT should disconnect the: Selected Answer: negative cable from the battery.Answers: negative cable from the battery.positive cable from the alternator.positive cable from the battery.negative cable from the alternator.

negative cable from the battery.

After responding to the scene of a patient complaining of difficulty breathing, you and your partner determine that the patient's condition is not life threatening based on a thorough assessment. You should transport the patient to an appropriate medical facility with: -the emergency lights on, but without activating the siren. -the emergency lights off, but activating the siren when traffic builds. -both lights and siren activated. -neither lights nor siren activated.

neither lights nor siren activated.

Shock, or​ hypoperfusion, caused by a spinal cord injury is classified​ as: -cardiogenic. -neurogenic. -hypovolemic. -Spinal cord injuries do not cause shock.

neurogenic.

You are called for a man who is not acting right. His wife says he was outside working in the garden but didn't come in for lunch when he was called. She went to check on him and found him sitting next to a stump, confused. You assessment shows a pulse rate of 58, blood pressure of 186/82, respirations of 16, and one of his pupils is dilated. You are unable to detect any signs of trauma and you don't see any obvious indication that he has fallen. You should suspect a(n): -nontraumatic brain injury. -open head injury. -closed head injury. -insecticide poisoning.

nontraumatic brain injury.

In neurogenic​ shock, the pulse rate may​ be: -undetectable. -erratic. -lower than the blood pressure. -normal.

normal.

When performing active​ rewarming, you​ should: -keep the patient moving. -not delay transport. -massage the​ patient's extremities. -intermittently remove and apply heat packs.

not delay transport.

In many​ states, if EMTs suspect that a patient is being​ abused, they are obligated​ to: -notify the authorities. -direct the patient to tell them what happened. -file criminal charges. -detain the individuals who are suspected of abuse.

notify the authorities.

Your patient has sustained a serious laceration to his neck. He appears to have lost a lot of blood and you are considering how you will control the bleeding. Your primary treatment should be to place a(n): -bulky dressing. -occlusive dressing. -pressure dressing. -dry, sterile dressing.

occlusive dressing.

Burns to the face are considered critical​ because: -of the potential for respiratory compromise or eye injury. -they involve possible disfigurement. -a large surface is area involved. -the​ patient's speech may be affected.

of the potential for respiratory compromise or eye injury.

Emergency Medical Responders are the targets of a terrorist​ attack: -always. -never. -often. -rarely.

often.

When you have a supply replacement agreement with a​ hospital, then you should replace expendable​ items: -on a​ one-to-one basis. -with as many new items as you think you might need. -only if they are needed upon return to the station. -only if authorized by emergency department staff.

on a​ one-to-one basis.

Kidney transplant patients spend the rest of their​ lives: -with hyperactive immune function. -on less frequent dialysis. -in a wheelchair. -on special medications to prevent rejection.

on special medications to prevent rejection.

When a pregnant patient has a​ seizure, transport the​ patient: -supine. -on the left side. -prone. -on the right side.

on the left side.

You should leave a patient who is suicidal​ alone: -only if you are at risk of physical harm. -if you feel that the patient is likely to commit suicide. -if the patient is verbally abusive and irrational. -when law enforcement arrives on the scene.

only if you are at risk of physical harm.

A particular antibody combines​ with: -histamine and other chemicals released by the immune system. -only the allergen it was formed in response to or a very similar allergen. -any allergen that it comes into contact with. -an allergen it is exposed to for the first time.

only the allergen it was formed in response to or a very similar allergen.

You are summoned to the aid of a​ 45-year-old male who was hunting and fell from a tree stand. When you​ arrive, he is experiencing severe pain in his lower right thigh. On​ examination, you find that an area about three inches above his right knee has an open wound about one inch in diameter that is bleeding minimally. There are no exposed​ bones, but you palpate crepitus and see swelling that makes you suspect bone fracture. You would you classify this as​ a(n): -closed extremity injury. -dislocation. -sprain. -open extremity injury.

open extremity injury.

Skull fractures divide into two general​ categories, which​ are: -direct or indirect. -traumatic or nontraumatic. -subdural or epidural. -open or closed.

open or closed.

After exposing the abdomen of a patient experiencing abdominal​ pain, you​ would: -obtain the​ patient's history. -conduct a primary assessment. -palpate the abdominal quadrants. -perform a scene​ size-up.

palpate the abdominal quadrants.

Emergency medical care of a patient with suspected spinal injury​ includes: -palpating the cervical region for any deformities or tenderness. -opening and maintaining the airway using the​ head-tilt, chin-lift method if the patient is responsive. -using manual cervical spine traction until a cervical collar can be applied. -using sandbags to immobilize the​ patient's head on the long backboard.

palpating the cervical region for any deformities or tenderness.

You respond to the scene of a 50-year-old male complaining of severe abdominal pain. He has a history of alcohol and drug abuse. His vital signs are stable and he presents with epigastric pain that radiates to the back. He has guarding and point tenderness in the upper quadrants. You suspect: -cholecystitis. -pancreatitis. -myocardial infarction. -gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

pancreatitis.

You respond to the scene of a 50-year-old male complaining of severe abdominal pain. He has a history of alcohol and drug abuse. His vital signs are stable and he presents with epigastric pain that radiates to the back. He has guarding and point tenderness in the upper quadrants. You suspect: -pancreatitis. -myocardial infarction. -cholecystitis. -gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

pancreatitis.

A movement of ribs in a flail segment that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest cavity is​ called: -positive-pressure ventilation. -pneumothorax. -paradoxical motion. -flail chest.

paradoxical motion.

A​ localized, intense pain that arises from the lining of the abdominal cavity is -referred pain. -visceral pain. -parietal pain. -tearing pain.

parietal pain.

There are two types of seizures; if your patient is having a seizure that affects only one body part and does not cause her to lose consciousness, it is called a: -postictal seizure. -partial seizure. -generalized seizure. -tonic-clonic seizure.

partial seizure.

You are assessing a patient and notice red discoloration with blisters on the legs. This type of burn would be classified​ as: -partial thickness. -full thickness. -superficial. -subcutaneous.

partial thickness.

The term that means of or pertaining to a patient who has yet to reach puberty​ is: -physiologic. -geriatric. -characteristic. -pediatric.

pediatric.

Blood at the meatus of the penis (opening of the urethra) is a sign of: -pelvic dislocation syndrome. -spinal fracture or injury. -pelvic trauma/fracture. -priapism.

pelvic trauma/fracture.

​If, upon viewing the vaginal​ area, you see the umbilical cord​ presenting, indicating the cord is​ prolapsed, then position the mother with her head down and​ her: -turned to the left. -pelvis raised with a blanket or pillow. -turned to the right. -flat to the ground or floor.

pelvis raised with a blanket or pillow.

The term used for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients from the blood through the thin capillary walls into the cells and the removal of carbon dioxide and other waste products from the cells​ is: -pulse pressure. -circulation. -blood pressure. -perfusion.

perfusion.

Dialysis patients who receive dialysis at home typically​ receive: -in-patient dialysis. -hemodialysis. -peritoneal dialysis -osmotic dialysis.

peritoneal dialysis

Patients receiving peritoneal dialysis who experience abdominal​ pain, fever, and cloudy dialysis fluid are possibly suffering​ from: -peritonitis. -completion of dialysis treatment. -AV fistula malfunction. -electrolyte imbalance.

peritonitis.

You are called to a residence for a 48-year-old male patient. He is lying in bed and is incoherent. He is unable to follow commands. His blood pressure is 80/40, pulse 136, and respiratory rate of 36. His wife states that he had lower right abdominal pain for about two days and it progressively worsened. He said about an hour ago he had a sudden increase in pain and then became incoherent. The wife states the husband refused to see a doctor before, but she finally called 911. You suspect: -peritonitis. -splenic rupture. -appendicitis. -renal colic.

peritonitis.

You are caring for a​ 48-year-old female patient who is suffering from abdominal pain. She was released from the hospital earlier in the day and was told that she may have an irritation to the lining of the abdomen caused by an infection. You should​ suspect: -peritonitis. -a stomach ulcer. -pancreatitis. -a gallbladder condition.

peritonitis.

When you approach an elderly​ person's residence for the first​ time, look both outside and inside for clues to the​ patient's: -financial situation. -habits and lifestyle choices. -physical and mental abilities. -family involvement.

physical and mental abilities.

After treating an actively bleeding head laceration with a sterile dressing and​ bandage, you notice that the dressing has become​ blood-soaked and that blood is seeping through the bandage. You​ should: -place additional sterile dressings over the​ blood-soaked dressing and bandage firmly. -remove the bandage and reposition the​ dressing, being sure to rewrap it tightly. -remove the​ blood-soaked dressing and replace it with​ new, sterile dressing. -apply direct pressure to the​ patient's neck with both hands.

place additional sterile dressings over the​ blood-soaked dressing and bandage firmly.

To position a restrained​ patient, you​ should: -place your knee against the​ patient's chest. -secure any two limbs of the patient. -first hog tie the patient. -place the patient face up.

place the patient face up.

A patient with a medical history of sickle cell anemia is complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. The patient is breathing 26 times a minute in short, shallow respirations. However, the patient's oxygen saturation via pulse oximetry is 100% on room air. The best approach regarding supplemental oxygen is to: -do nothing; no supplemental oxygen is necessary. -place the patient on a nasal cannula. -place the patient on a simple face mask. -place the patient on a nonrebreather mask.

place the patient on a nonrebreather mask.

You find a middle-aged male is sitting against a wall in obvious distress. The patient appears to be extremely short of breath and has an open wound to his chest that is making a sucking sound. You should: -place the patient on high-concentration oxygen. -cover the wound with an occlusive dressing. -place your gloved hand over the wound. -place a trauma dressing over the wound.

place your gloved hand over the wound.

Blood is made up of solid components suspended in a liquid​ called: -hemoglobin. -aggregation. -plasma. -a clot.

plasma.

As an EMT, you will be called on frequently to treat diabetic emergencies. Diabetic emergencies are usually caused by: -poor management of the patient's diabetes. -hypoxia. -falls. -pancreatitis.

poor management of the patient's diabetes.

The signs and symptoms of internal bleeding​ include: -poor peripheral perfusion. -dropping blood pressure as an early sign. -slow, deep respirations. -constricted pupils that are sluggish to respond.

poor peripheral perfusion.

Swelling or deformity at the site of a bruise indicates​ a: -possible concussion. -possible underlying fracture. -possible compression injury. -possible rupture of the​ patient's liver,​ spleen, or kidneys.

possible underlying fracture.

You respond to a 32-year-old female who is having a seizure. You arrive on the scene to find the patient drowsy, confused, and complaining of a headache. This patient is demonstrating the: -tonic phase. -clonic phase. -postictal phase. -aura phase.

postictal phase.

A patient with renal disease who is currently on dialysis and missed an appointment may present with dangerously high levels of the electrolyte: -phosphorous. -sodium. -calcium. -potassium.

potassium.

When deciding whether or not to drive to the hospital with lights and siren activated for any patient, the driver should consider: -the patient's past medical history. -potential risks of making the patient's condition worse. -how many calls are waiting for an available ambulance. -the patient's preference for lights and siren.

potential risks of making the patient's condition worse.

An Emergency Medical Dispatcher is trained to​ provide: -advanced life support. -standing orders for field care -medical direction. -prearrival medical instructions to callers.

prearrival medical instructions to callers.

The​ EMT's management of a pediatric patient with signs of hypothermia typically​ includes: -ECG monitoring. -oral intubation. -administering intraosseous fluids. -preventing heat loss.

preventing heat loss.

The primary reasons for splinting a bone or joint injury​ include: -setting the bone ends back into their proper position. -preventing​ swelling, which might complicate the ED​ physician's examination. -replacing exposed bone ends back into the extremity. -preventing movement to reduce the chance for further injury.

preventing movement to reduce the chance for further injury.

When you ask an adolescent patient about drug use or possible​ pregnancy, it is best to ask the​ patient: -in front of peers. -in front of law enforcement. -privately. -in front of parents.

privately.

When treating a patient who has been sexually​ assaulted, you should try​ to: -reassure the patient that everything will be fine. -encourage the patient to explain to you exactly what happened. -have the patient take a shower before transport. -provide a​ same-sex provider to assist the patient.

provide a​ same-sex provider to assist the patient.

For patients with acute chest syndrome and inadequate​ respirations, you​ should: -initiate chest compressions. -provide​ bag-valve mask ventilation as necessary. -provide supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula. -administer oxygen via nonrebreather mask only if the patient is hypoxic.

provide​ bag-valve mask ventilation as necessary.

Management of the suicidal patient includes all of the following except: -communication. -a physical examination. -psychoanalysis of the patient by the EMT. -a SAMPLE history.

psychoanalysis of the patient by the EMT.

Management of the suicidal patient includes all of the following except: -psychoanalysis of the patient by the EMT. -a SAMPLE history. -a physical examination. -communication.

psychoanalysis of the patient by the EMT.

Dialysis patients who have missed an appointment may present with signs of ________, which is a similar presentation to ________. -chest pain; acute myocardial infarction -pulmonary edema; congestive heart failure -neurological disturbances; stroke -shortness of breath; pneumonia

pulmonary edema; congestive heart failure

You are transporting a stable patient with a behavioral problem. You​ should: -leave the patient unattended in the back. -request law enforcement ride in with you. -put a​ same-sex provider in the back with the patient if possible. -restrain the patient for transport.

put a​ same-sex provider in the back with the patient if possible.

Referred pain from cholecystitis typically presents​ as: -radiating pain to the shoulder. -pain felt in the left upper region of the abdomen. -pain in the right upper region of the abdomen after eating a meal. -pain that radiates down the right leg.

radiating pain to the shoulder.

Emergency medical care for internal bleeding​ includes: -applying supplemental oxygen by nasal cannula only so that the circulatory system is not overwhelmed. -applying direct manual pressure to the areas of internal bleeding. -rapid transport for patients with signs and symptoms of shock. -placing the patient with head and torso elevated to better perfuse the brain.

rapid transport for patients with signs and symptoms of shock.

When restraining a​ patient, you must​ use: -all the strength at your disposal. -verbal commands only. -reasonable force. -aggressiveness that is equal to the​ patient's.

reasonable force.

One of the major roles of the hematological system is to deliver oxygen to the tissues of the body. This is accomplished through​ the: -red blood cells. -platelets. -white blood cells. -plasma.

red blood cells.

Pain that is felt in a place other than where it originates is​ called: -somatic pain. -referred pain. -distributed pain. -diffuse pain.

referred pain.

Pain that the patient feels in a body part or area of the body that has nothing to do with a diseased organ is termed: -retroperitoneal pain. -referred pain. -abdominal pain. -epigastric pain.

referred pain.

When the gallbladder is diseased, the pain is not only felt in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) but also in the right shoulder. This is known as: -tearing pain. -referred pain. -parietal pain. -visceral pain.

referred pain.

When the gallbladder is diseased, the pain is not only felt in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) but also in the right shoulder. This is known as: -visceral pain. -parietal pain. -referred pain. -tearing pain.

referred pain.

Your patient was diagnosed with cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation) three days ago. The patient now presents with nausea, vomiting, and pain in the right shoulder. The pain in the shoulder can be classified as: -referred pain. -somatic pain. -pancreatic pain. -visceral pain.

referred pain.

All of the following are signs of adequate breathing and circulation in the newborn except: Selected Answer: relaxation of the extremities.Answers:heart rate greater than 100.vigorous crying.cyanosis of only the hands and feet. relaxation of the extremities.

relaxation of the extremities.

Your patient was ejected from his motorcycle when he struck a deer late at night on a deserted highway. He is drowsy and unable to communicate clearly. As you immobilize him on the long spine board, you find that you are unable to obtain neutral alignment of his spine due to the large helmet he has on. You should: -remove the helmet to better manage proper alignment. -pad under his shoulders to straighten his neck. -place towels on either side of the helmet to stabilize it. -tip his head back to gain neutral alignment.

remove the helmet to better manage proper alignment.

The basic principle behind either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is​ to: -balance the number of white blood cells in the blood. -balance the number of red blood cells in the blood. -balance the amount of urea. -remove the waste and excess fluid from the blood.

remove the waste and excess fluid from the blood.

You are called to the scene of a patient with abdominal pain. Upon arrival, you find a 38-year-old Asian man on the floor next to his desk writhing in pain. He is complaining of severe right-sided flank pain. His blood pressure is 140/90, pulse 100, and his skin is ashen and diaphoretic. You suspect: -myocardial infarction. -renal colic. -cholecystitis. -Mittelschmerz.

renal colic.

You suspect that your pediatric patient is being abused. To satisfy your legal​ obligation, you​ must: -remain quiet to avoid committing a HIPAA violation. -press charges against the caregiver. -report your suspicions to the medical staff at the receiving hospital. -email your EMS supervisor of your concerns.

report your suspicions to the medical staff at the receiving hospital.

Taken as​ directed, an​ NSAID: -presents no risk of serious harm. -still has the potential to cause adverse effects. -relieves the gastrointestinal tract. -has no adverse effects.

still has the potential to cause adverse effects.

You are caring for a​ 29-year-old female patient who is unconscious and has reportedly overdosed on heroin. You should be alert​ for: -tachycardia. -swelling of the nose and mouth. -respiratory arrest or cardiac arrest. -bradycardia.

respiratory arrest or cardiac arrest.

In infants and​ children, retraction of the​ muscles, grunting, and nasal flaring are signs​ of: -respiratory distress. -hypoperfusion. -infection. -normal breathing.

respiratory distress.

The most effective and most common means of dissemination is to enable the material to enter through​ the: -respiratory tract. -digestive system. -skin. -eyes.

respiratory tract.

The abdominal region between the abdomen and the back is called​ the: -superior cavity. -mediastinum. -retroperitoneal space. -anterior space.

retroperitoneal space.

Pain in the gallbladder is often felt in​ the: -intestines. -liver. -stomach. -right shoulder.

right shoulder.

When the end of a bone is involved in forming a​ ball-and-socket joint, it will​ be: -flat. -angled. -rounded. -sharp.

rounded.

An area near a hazardous materials incident that is upwind from the incident and on higher ground is a good location for a: Selected Answer: safe zone.Answers:hot zone.danger zone.treatment zone. safe zone.

safe zone.

Asking a patient experiencing an allergic reaction about how the patient was exposed to the allergen involved typically happens​ during: -primary assessment. -reassessment. -taking baseline vital signs. -secondary assessment.

secondary assessment.

The steps in immobilizing a supine patient to a long backboard​ include: -securing the​ patient's torso to the board before securing the head. -using the​ logroll, a move that ideally is performed by at least two​ rescuers: one at the head and one at the hips. -not placing padding on the​ board, as it might move the spine out of alignment. -removing the cervical collar once the patient is immobilized on the board.

securing the​ patient's torso to the board before securing the head.

Abnormal red blood cells in patients with sickle cell​ disease, when microscopically​ enlarged, look​ like: -semicircular crescents. -large, thin rings. -doughnuts, including a hole in the center. -doughnuts with a depression rather than a hole in the center.

semicircular crescents.

An obstetrical kit should be kept on board all basic life support ambulances that​ is: -fixed and rigid. -included with other sterile items in a case. -sufficient to provide ALS services to patients in labor. -separate and sterile.

separate and sterile.

A weak or absent radial​ pulse; pale,​ moist, cool​ skin; and an increased heart rate in a patient with an abdominal injury are signs​ of: -lacerations or puncture wounds. -shock. -cramps. -muscle weakness.

shock.

The plan for a​ large-scale MCI: -should be a logical extension of the plan for a​ small-scale MCI. -must be planned for an incident involving a very specific number of people. -is completely different from the plan for a​ small-scale MCI. -is unnecessary unless an MCI involves at least 20 patients.

should be a logical extension of the plan for a​ small-scale MCI.

After positioning your ambulance at an accident scene at​ night, you​ should: -enter and exit the scene into oncoming traffic. -leave the siren on while working the accident scene. -shut off the headlights and white response lighting. -block as many traffic lanes as possible.

shut off the headlights and white response lighting.

Blunt abdominal trauma that causes the perforation of a vascular structure in the abdomen may​ cause: -spinal cord damage to motor nerve roots. -rupture of the urinary bladder with resultant chemical inflammation. -loss of function to lower extremities. -significant blood loss.

significant blood loss.

Obtaining your release from the​ hospital: -simply requires the emergency department nurse or physician if you are still needed. -typically happens only when the chief of emergency medicine authorizes you to go. -is implicit upon completion of patient transfer without your needing to speak to anyone. -is a formal process involving the completion and approval of a written form.

simply requires the emergency department nurse or physician if you are still needed.

Some drawbacks to using sterile aluminum foil as an occlusive dressing include: -a flutter valve is difficult to create. -skin lacerations may occur from the sharp edges. -foil cannot create an airtight seal. -sterility cannot be ensured unless the materials were autoclaved.

skin lacerations may occur from the sharp edges.

Your patient fractured her right wrist in a motor vehicle collision. You notice​ swelling, redness, and tenderness distal to the site. The patient is wearing a ring and a bracelet. The ring slides off her finger easily but the bracelet is tight against the swelling. You​ should: -slide off the ring but leave the bracelet in place. -slide off the ring and cut off the bracelet. -leave both the ring and bracelet in place. -cut off the bracelet but leave the ring in place.

slide off the ring and cut off the bracelet.

High​ humidity: -warms inhaled air. -increases convection. -slows evaporation. -absorbs more heat.

slows evaporation.

Because of abnormally shaped hemoglobin, sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients may occasionally experience ________, causing a blockage of small blood vessels. -clotting -clumping -sludging -aggregation

sludging

Because of abnormally shaped hemoglobin, sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients may occasionally experience ________, causing a blockage of small blood vessels. -clumping -sludging -clotting -aggregation

sludging

Lacerations are cuts that​ are: -crushing or fracturing. -smooth or jagged. -tearing away or off. -penetrating or perforating.

smooth or jagged.

Dead, diseased, or injured white blood cells are removed from the body via​ the: -gastrointestinal system. -spleen and the lymphatic system. -bone marrow. -pulmonary system.

spleen and the lymphatic system.

Your patient has a nontraumatic fracture of the left wrist. Appropriate treatment would be​ to: -splint the injured wrist to the uninjured wrist. -apply a sling and swathe followed by rigid splinting. -splint with a padded rigid splint. -transport the patient without a splint.

splint with a padded rigid splint.

To support the​ baby's head during​ delivery, you​ should: -exert an even steadying pressure until the head fully emerges from the birth​ canal, and then pull. -wait for the​ baby's head to fully emerge from the birth canal with both hands spread beneath it to catch it. -spread your fingers​ evenly, avoiding pressure to the​ fontanelles, with the other hand open below the​ baby's head. -find the​ baby's fontanelles and exert pressure on those to pull the baby forward.

spread your fingers​ evenly, avoiding pressure to the​ fontanelles, with the other hand open below the​ baby's head.

Objects that are impaled into the head and interfere with transport should​ be: -left in place and transported in a​ flat-bed vehicle. -stabilized and cut with minimal movement of the object. -gently but firmly removed. -pushed through to the other side for removal.

stabilized and cut with minimal movement of the object.

In the renal​ system, the urinary bladder serves​ to: -concentrate the urine through reabsorption. -store urine for later excretion. -separate the water from the filtrates of the urine. -filter urine from the blood.

store urine for later excretion.

Twisting force​ involves: -compression of the bones of the neck. -stretching or tearing of muscles and ligaments. -crushing of tissue and bone. -indirect damage to the​ knees, femurs,​ pelvis, and spinal column.

stretching or tearing of muscles and ligaments.

When responding to an emergency in an authorized vehicle while functioning as an EMT for an authorized emergency service, the actions you take while driving are: -allowable, provided you do not exceed 15 mph above the posted speed limit. -covered by your service's insurance carrier. -not likely to result in an investigation in the event of a collision. -subject to laws that govern all drivers.

subject to laws that govern all drivers.

When a chemical substance is taken for reasons other than therapeutic use, this action is called: -addiction. -substance abuse. -tolerance. -psychological dependence.

substance abuse.

A patient with a tracheostomy tube is making bubbling noises in his lower airway and has mucus and fluid in the tube. You​ should: -remove the tube and deliver positive pressure ventilations. -suction out the fluid and clear the tube. -administer oxygen by tracheostomy mask. -position the patient in a left lateral recumbent position.

suction out the fluid and clear the tube.

If mucus plugs or secretions occlude the tube on a home​ ventilator, the EMT​ should: -replace the tube. -suction the tube. -wash out the tube with cold water. -wash out the tube with warm saline.

suction the tube.

The name for the dizziness and a drop in blood pressure caused when the mother is in a supine position and the weight of the​ uterus, infant,​ placenta, and amniotic fluid compress the inferior vena​ cava, reducing return of blood to the heart and cardiac​ output, is: -lightening. -Braxton-Hicks contractions. -labor. -supine hypotensive syndrome.

supine hypotensive syndrome.

Prehospital management of all the urinary system problems of the kidney transplant patient by the EMT can be characterized by: -supportive care. -very invasive techniques. -intensive lab testing. -varied pharmacological interventions.

supportive care.

A​ 44-year-old female has anaphylaxis after being injected with a new antibiotic. The patient has stridor. This finding is most likely due​ to: -bronchoconstriction. -swelling around the vocal cords. -hypovolemia. -pulmonary edema.

swelling around the vocal cords.

The formula 80​ + 2​ × age in years is used to determine the​ normal: -heart rate for a pediatric patient below 3 years of age. -systolic BP for a pediatric patient above 3 years of age. -blood glucose for a pediatric patient below 3 years of age. -diastolic BP for a pediatric patient above 3 years of age.

systolic BP for a pediatric patient above 3 years of age.

A sign of alcohol withdrawal​ is: -blackout. -nausea or vomiting. -blurred vision. -tachycardia.

tachycardia.

The first thing you should do when treating a patient who has absorbed poison​ is: -take Standard Precautions. -remove contaminated clothing. -remove the source of the poison from the patient. -remove the patient from the source of the poison.

take Standard Precautions.

If a poison is​ absorbed, it​ is: -taken into the body through broken skin. -taken into the body through unbroken skin. -injected -breathed in.

taken into the body through unbroken skin.

The region where the jaw articulates with the remainder of the head is termed​ the: -parietomandibular joint. -frontomandibular joint. -temporomandibular joint. -angle of the mandible.

temporomandibular joint.

During an environmental​ emergency, patients who are under the influence of​ alcohol: -are more acutely aware of the effects of heat and cold. -tend to better tolerate excessive heat and cold. -tend to be affected more rapidly and severely. -are better able to conserve body heat.

tend to be affected more rapidly and severely.

A​ large-scale MCI creates a situation​ that: -can typically be managed by two to three ambulance units. -is routine for EMTs to handle. -tests the capabilities of even the​ best-trained EMTs. -involves the release of and exposure to hazardous materials.

tests the capabilities of even the​ best-trained EMTs.

Peritoneal dialysis allows patients to dialyze at home through: -an AV fistula. -the abdomen. -the urethra. -a dialysis machine.

the abdomen.

The​ "inner circle" at a crash site​ is: -the patients involved in the crash. -the area designated for staging. -the area immediately around and including the crashed​ vehicle(s). -the most knowledgeable and experienced EMTs on scene.

the area immediately around and including the crashed​ vehicle(s).

To identify the exact substance an overturned chemical truck was​ carrying, the EMT would​ consult: -the bill of lading. -the hazardous materials placard. -the shipping manifest. -the safety data sheet.

the bill of lading.

Injury to the​ head, neck, and trunk that causes severe external bleeding is considered in EMS to be particularly dangerous​ because: -the​ head, neck, and trunk cannot be elevated in shock states. -injury in these areas is often associated with vital organ damage. -gaining access to the bleed site to apply direct pressure is difficult. -the bleeding cannot be controlled by a tourniquet.

the bleeding cannot be controlled by a tourniquet.

An injury to the cranium would directly​ affect: -the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary functions. -the bony structure making up the​ forehead, top,​ back, and upper sides of the skull. -the two fused bones forming the upper jaw. -the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

the bony structure making up the​ forehead, top,​ back, and upper sides of the skull.

When using a​ siren, remember​ that: -all motorists except those with hearing impairments will hear the siren and respond appropriately. -some drivers will not get out of the way even if they hear the siren and must be intimidated to allow passage. -the continuous sound of the siren tends to have an effect on the ambulance operators themselves. -if any driver does not​ yield, you are required by law to report that​ motorist's license number.

the continuous sound of the siren tends to have an effect on the ambulance operators themselves.

You are on the scene of a patient who was struck in the head with a piece of metal that is protruding from his forehead. If you find the patient to be​ awake, alert, and​ conversant, you should assume​ that: -this is a joke and you should simply remove the object to reveal the prank. -the object did not penetrate the skull. -the injury is not minor and should be managed with the greatest care. -the object may have penetrated the skull but not the brain or the meninges.

the injury is not minor and should be managed with the greatest care.

The term​ "golden hour" refers to the importance of getting critical trauma patients to surgery within one hour of the time​ when: -the injury occurred. -EMS was activated. -the patient was transported. -EMS arrived on scene.

the injury occurred.

For safety at roadway​ incidents, you should​ wear: -turnouts. -anything you would wear on any other call. -an ANSI Class 2 safety vest and a helmet. -the level of protection worn by other responders.

the level of protection worn by other responders.

The right upper abdominal quadrant​ contains: -part of the large intestine and the female reproductive organs. -the appendix. -the liver and gallbladder. -the spleen and pancreas.

the liver and gallbladder.

The radioactive material in an RDD is LEAST likely to be source​ from: -radiological cameras. -medical waste. -the military. -industrial processes.

the military.

The difference between a multisystem trauma patient and a multiple trauma patient​ is: -whether the injuries involve the cardiovascular system. -the seriousness of injuries. -the number of body systems affected. -whether the injuries involve blood loss.

the number of body systems affected.

For a patient with a history of sickle cell​ anemia, monitor the patient for signs of hypoperfusion​ if: -the patient shows a temporary increase in pulse oximetry readings. -the patient has a high fever. -the patient has inadequate respirations. -the patient has hypertension.

the patient has a high fever.

Shortly after delivery of the​ newborn, the mother experiences a return of labor pains. This likely indicates​ that: -the placenta is preparing to deliver. -the mother is bleeding. -"false" labor has begun. -it is time for the mother to​ breast-feed.

the placenta is preparing to deliver.

Many hallucinogens may be absorbed​ through: -intranasal inhalation. -the skin and mucous membranes. -injection into the muscle of the thigh. -subcutaneous injection.

the skin and mucous membranes.

Another name for CBRNE agents​ is: -contaminants. -tactics. -weapons of mass destruction. -secondary devices.

weapons of mass destruction.

A​ call-back number is not necessary for an Emergency Medical Dispatcher to ask about​ if: -the chief complaint​ doesn't seem life threatening. -the patient is a minor. -the chief complaint​ doesn't seem urgent. -the system is an enhanced 911 system.

the system is an enhanced 911 system.

You are on an ambulance responding to a mass-casualty incident at a shopping mall on a warm Saturday afternoon. En route, you listen to the incident commander broadcast information to dispatch and all inbound units about 20 patients complaining of respiratory difficulty and a burning sensation in their eyes. Your suspicions of a potential terrorist incident are the result of: Selected Answer: the type of event.Answers: the type of event.on-scene warning signs.the timing of the event.the location of the call.

the type of event.

Burns pose greater risks to infants and children than to adults​ because: -they have little adipose tissue. -they are more prone to airway obstructions. -their body surface area is greater in relation to their total body size. -their skin is more porous and less resilient.

their body surface area is greater in relation to their total body size.

You are treating a 5-year-old for extensive burns. You know that burns pose a greater risk to infants and children. The reason for this is: -the parents' interference with your assessment and treatment can delay your response. -the child will likely be upset and crying and therefore hard to evaluate. -child abuse is usually the reason for the burns. -their body surface area is greater in relation to their total body size.

their body surface area is greater in relation to their total body size.

​Bees, yellow​ jackets, wasps, and hornets cause allergic reactions​ with: -their stings. -any contact. -their bites. -pollen.

their stings.

If your patient is wearing a​ helmet, you should leave it in place​ if: -there are no impending airway or breathing problems. -the helmet is too snug to remove easily. -the helmet has been damaged. -the helmet is loose enough to allow you to assess the​ patient's head and neck.

there are no impending airway or breathing problems.

When arriving at the location of a motor vehicle collision on an interstate highway, you should position the ambulance so that: -there is a safe area beyond the damaged vehicles. -there is a safe area between the damaged vehicles and traffic behind the scene. -you are nearest to the command post for easy communications with the incident commander. -there is a fire truck between you and oncoming traffic.

there is a safe area beyond the damaged vehicles.

The primary harm from a nuclear explosion​ is: -chemical. -psychological. -radiological. -thermal.

thermal.

You are called to a garden center where four shoppers have collapsed after a section of shelving fell and dumped hazardous products on the floor. When you arrive on the scene, you should: Selected Answer: think hazmat, dress in a Tyvek suit, secure the scene by limiting access, isolate the possible contaminated from the noncontaminated, and request hazmat response.Answers:think hazmat, dress in a Tyvek suit, access the scene to identify the spilled product, secure the MSDS sheets, and remove victims to fresh air.secure the scene quickly, triage each patient, and move to fresh air. think hazmat, secure the scene by limiting access, isolate the possible contaminated from the noncontaminated, and request hazmat response.think hazmat, dress in a Tyvek suit, secure the scene by limiting access, isolate the possible contaminated from the noncontaminated, and request hazmat response.

think hazmat, secure the scene by limiting access, isolate the possible contaminated from the noncontaminated, and request hazmat response.

The twelve vertebrae in the upper back are known as​ the: -sacral spine. -coccyx. -lumbar spine. -thoracic spine.

thoracic spine.

The sensation felt when palpating an arterial-venous fistula or shunt is known as a: -bruit. -thrill. -frill. -fluttering.

thrill.

The sensation felt when palpating an arterial-venous fistula or shunt is known as a: -frill. -bruit. -fluttering. -thrill.

thrill.

Three methods for minimizing exposure to harmful incidents are: Selected Answer: time, distance, and shielding.Answers:time, decontamination, and shielding. time, distance, and shielding.technique, distance, and serum.time, decontamination, and serum.

time, distance, and shielding.

During your primary​ assessment, it is important to​ remember: -to initiate immediate manual​ in-line spinal stabilization according to patient need. -that the​ patient's skin may be​ cool, pale, and moist below the site of spinal cord injury and warm and dry above the site of injury. -to open the airway of an unresponsive patient using the​ head-tilt, chin-lift method. -that inadequate breathing may result from spinal cord damage from a thoracic spine injury.

to initiate immediate manual​ in-line spinal stabilization according to patient need.

Hemodialysis is used to help the kidneys filter ________ and remove excess ________. -blood; cholesterol -toxins; fluids -urine; poisons -electrolytes; hormones

toxins; fluids

You are treating a​ 17-year-old female who fell while playing basketball. Her right thigh is​ painful, swollen, and deformed. She is in considerable pain. The MOST appropriate device for splinting her injury would be​ a: -pair of long board splints. -inflatable splint. -pneumatic​ anti-shock garment. -traction splint.

traction splint.

The largest single hazard associated with EMS highway operations is: Selected Answer: traffic flow.Answers:power lines.sharp objects.explosion. traffic flow.

traffic flow.

Your patient fell 15 feet from a roof. He has a deformed lower leg and a decreased level of consciousness. You designate the patient as a multisystem trauma patient who should be taken to a nearby trauma center. This is​ a: -secondary assessment. -primary assessment. -transport decision. -physical examination.

transport decision.

If the placenta does not deliver within about 20 minutes after delivery of the​ newborn, you​ should: -assess​ vitals, then decide. -ask the mother what she prefers. -remain on scene. -transport immediately.

transport immediately.

If you are dispatched to a collision in​ lights-and-siren emergency mode and discover the patient is stable with no immediate life​ threats, then you​ should: -clear the patient for no transport by performing a rapid assessment on scene. -transport as dispatched in​ lights-and-siren emergency mode. -transport the patient without lights and siren at normal speed. -have the patient sign a refusal of care form and return to service.

transport the patient without lights and siren at normal speed.

Following an epinephrine​ injection, reassessment should occur​ during: -transport. -contact with medical control. -disposal of the injector. -administration of a second injection.

transport.

Calculating the trauma score may help to determine whether a patient should go to​ a: -hospital. -emergency department. -burn center. -trauma center.

trauma center.

You are dispatched to a private residence for a 52-year-old African American male sitting in his living room complaining of chest pain. During your assessment, he discloses that he has the sickle cell trait. Because of this you should: -administer high-concentration oxygen. -be prepared to treat for shock if he also has a high fever. -monitor for signs of inadequate respiration. -treat the patient as any other 52-year-old with chest pain.

treat the patient as any other 52-year-old with chest pain.

Your abdominal pain patient presents with​ pale, cool​ skin, tachycardia, and hypotension. You should​ first: -ask the patient about illegal drug use. -treat the patient for shock. -perform a complete secondary assessment. -assess orthostatic vital signs.

treat the patient for shock.

EMS providers who become emotionally incapacitated during an MCI should​ be: -assigned to noncritical patients. -disciplined for shift abandonment. -treated as patients. -sent home immediately.

treated as patients.

The vehicle positioned as a blocking apparatus on a​ three-lane highway should be​ positioned: -with another vehicle angled in a V to block all three lanes upstream of the incident. -downstream to create​ one-and-a-half to two lanes of blockage. -with another vehicle angled in a V to block all three lanes downstream of the incident. -upstream to create​ one-and-a-half to two lanes of blockage.

upstream to create​ one-and-a-half to two lanes of blockage.

A patient who use a CPAP device for sleep apnea most​ likely: -uses the device at night. -will need the device to be close at hand at all times. -will have emergencies related to the use of the device. -uses the device 24 hours a day.

uses the device at night.

Under normal​ circumstances, the fertilized egg is implanted into and develops in​ the: -fallopian tube. -cervix. -uterus. -placenta.

uterus.

You have just arrived at the scene of a patient who has reportedly ingested an unknown chemical at an industrial site. You find the patient to be unconscious and not breathing. Recognizing the importance of the absence of​ breathing, you should​ immediately: -ventilate the patient using a​ bag-valve mask while ensuring the airway is clear and patent. -administer​ mouth-to-mouth ventilations, as any delay could result in permanent death. -irrigate the mouth with sterile​ water, then begin ventilations with a​ bag-valve mask. -administer oxygen via a​ non-rebreather mask at 15 LPM.

ventilate the patient using a​ bag-valve mask while ensuring the airway is clear and patent.

When a patient has a serious open wound to the neck, you are concerned about the possibility of an air embolism. The reason an air embolism can occur is because of: -damage to the trachea. -the negative pressure in the chest. -vessel pressure that is lower than atmospheric pressure. -the higher pressure in the vessels of the neck.

vessel pressure that is lower than atmospheric pressure.

Dangerous organisms that grow inside of living cells and reproduce are known as: Selected Answer: viruses.Answers:biologicals.toxins. viruses.bacteria.

viruses.

Pain that originates in an organ, such as the intestines, is called ________ pain. -referred -visceral -acute -parietal

visceral

Pain that originates in an organ, such as the intestines, is called ________ pain. -visceral -parietal -acute -referred

visceral

Pain in the abdomen that originates from the organs is​ termed: -parietal pain. -referred pain. -visceral pain. -tearing pain.

visceral pain.

To assess your pregnant patient for​ crowning, you​ must: -obtain​ on-line medical direction. -place the patient in the ambulance. -visualize the vaginal opening. -wait for ALS personnel to arrive.

visualize the vaginal opening.

Priority 3 patients are also known​ as: -deceased. -immediate. -walking wounded. -delayed.

walking wounded.

A decontamination corridor would be established in​ the: -dead zone. -hot zone. -cold zone. -warm zone.

warm zone.

A 17-year-old girl was injured when her car was struck from behind while she was stopped at a red light. She is complaining of a headache with neck and back pain. You suspect she has sustained a(n): Selected Answer: whiplash injury.Answers:extension injury.compression fracture.distraction injury. whiplash injury.

whiplash injury.

Active rewarming is used for hypothermic​ patients: -who are unresponsive. -who are responding appropriately. -with severe bradycardia. -with no palpable pulse.

who are responding appropriately.

Operators of emergency vehicles must drive with the safety of others in mind. This is known as driving: -with emergency privilege. -defensively. -with due regard. -as a public servant.

with due regard.

A pillow is frequently used to splint an ankle or foot injury. It is effective, rapid, and can be used for most patients. Its main weakness is: -it is hard to access distal pulses after application. -you are not immobilizing the knee and the joint adjacent to the ankle. -you might not have a pillow on your ambulance. -it requires three people to apply.

you are not immobilizing the knee and the joint adjacent to the ankle.

A pillow is frequently used to splint an ankle or foot injury. It is effective, rapid, and can be used for most patients. Its main weakness is: -it requires three people to apply. -it is hard to access distal pulses after application. -you might not have a pillow on your ambulance. -you are not immobilizing the knee and the joint adjacent to the ankle.

you are not immobilizing the knee and the joint adjacent to the ankle.

Reassure the patient that most patients you have seen with the​ patient's particular problem do well and return home in good condition​ if: -you think it is unlikely the patient will survive. -you can honestly say it. -the patient seems reluctant to agree to transport. -the patient is distressed.

you can honestly say it.

If you think you detect the smell of alcohol on a​ patient's breath,​ then: -the patient is likely suffering from alcohol withdrawal. -you should transport the patient to a treatment facility. -that patient is legally intoxicated. -you should ensure the smell​ isn't actually an acetone smell.

you should ensure the smell​ isn't actually an acetone smell.

In treating a puncture wound of the​ eye, if you bandage both​ eyes, it is​ because: -you do not know whether the other eye is injured. -any light can damage both eyes in a puncture injury. -you want to avoid sympathetic eye movement. -you want to offer sympathetic care to the patient.

you want to avoid sympathetic eye movement.

When assisting with the delivery of​ twins, assume​ that: -the placenta will not be delivered until both babies are delivered. -you will need to conduct multiple neonatal resuscitations simultaneously. -the babies will each be larger than a baby in a single birth. -you should clamp or tie the cord of the first baby only after the second is born.

you will need to conduct multiple neonatal resuscitations simultaneously.

You may encounter airway resistance as you ventilate a drowning victim. This means​ that: -attempts at ventilating a drowning victim are unlikely to be successful. -you will probably have to ventilate more forcefully than with other patients. -vomiting is unlikely and so airway management is easier. -you should attempt to suction away water from inside the patient prior to providing ventilations.

you will probably have to ventilate more forcefully than with other patients.

Internal bleeding may result from a variety of causes. If you suspect that your patient has internal​ bleeding, you should remember​ that: -the two most common causes of internal bleeding are ruptured aortic aneurysm and bleeding stomach ulcers. -your suspicion of internal bleeding may be based only on the mechanism of injury. -head injury is more likely to cause unexplained shock than internal bleeding is. -internal bleeding is usually very obvious and should be identified quickly.

your suspicion of internal bleeding may be based only on the mechanism of injury.

Which of the following figures indicates the CORRECT chest​ compression-to-ventilation ratio for CPR in a​ newborn? - 15:2 - 5:1 - 3:1 - 30:2

​3:1

Which of the following interventions is required in a newborn who has spontaneous breathing and a heart rate greater than 100 per minute but who still has cyanotic​ skin? -Bag-valve-mask ventilations -Bulb syringe suction -Chest compressions -Blow-by oxygen

​Blow-by oxygen

Which of the following statements about​ drug-patient interactions is​ TRUE? -Typically, the same does for a​ 30-year-old patient and a​ 75-year-old patient will produce the same effects. -Most drugs are broken down by the stomach and​ intestines, and then excreted. -Liver and kidney functions tend to increase but become erratic with age. -Drug-patient interactions can occur because of the older​ patient's inability to clear medications from the body as quickly as before.

​Drug-patient interactions can occur because of the older​ patient's inability to clear medications from the body as quickly as before.

Which manual airway maneuver should you always use to open the airway of a patient with a suspected neck​ injury? -Cross-fingers technique -Head-tilt, neck-lift maneuver -​Head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver -Jaw-thrust maneuver

​Jaw-thrust maneuver

What is the meaning of the term​ "chronic illness?" -An illness that is present at birth -An illness that is due to lifestyle factors -Severe illness with a sudden onset -Long-term illness, progressing gradually

​Long-term illness, progressing gradually

Which of the following situations is MOST suggestive of​ abuse? -Ten-year-old who has an isolated femur​ fracture, which he states occurred when he jumped out of his tree house. -​Nine-year-old with bruises to her​ face, arms,​ legs, and​ back, all in different stages of healing who​ won't say how these injuries were sustained. -Ten-month-old with a laceration above his eye that was​ sustained, according to his​ parents, when he was trying to pull up using a plastic chair but the chair tipped and the he fell. -Six-year-old who has bruises on both shins in different stages of healing who says he got the injuries while playing tag.

​Nine-year-old with bruises to her​ face, arms,​ legs, and​ back, all in different stages of healing who​ won't say how these injuries were sustained.

Your partner is conducting a detailed examination of a​ 19-year-old female patient who is experiencing depression and displaying an abnormal distrust of others​ (paranoia). Your partner immediately begins assessing the​ patient's abdomen by exposing​ it, inspecting​ it, and palpating it carefully without introducing himself or explaining what he is going to do. Do you consider this approach to be​ appropriate? Why or why​ not? -Yes, it is important that a thorough abdominal assessment be conducted on all patients. -No, even if the patient also had complaints of abdominal​ pain, this level of assessment is unnecessary. -No, while a physical exam is appropriate for all​ patients, it should only be performed after trust and rapport has been established. -Yes, physical findings can disclose problems that a history​ cannot, so this approach is necessary.

​No, while a physical exam is appropriate for all​ patients, it should only be performed after trust and rapport has been established.

Which of the following is correct for maximum visibility during night​ operations? -Headlights on -Fog lights on -Red/amber warning lights on -Traffic directional boards not operating

​Red/amber warning lights on

A bruise on the abdomen could indicate injury to which of the​ following? -Heart -Lungs and trachea -Spleen, liver, or kidneys -Reproductive organs

​Spleen, liver, or kidneys

Psychological first aid​ involves: -ordering patients in emotional distress to tend to other patients and work off the stress. -ordering any emotionally overwhelmed patients out of the treatment area. -caring, honest engagement with patients in emotional distress. -telling distressed patients anything that will calm them down.

​caring, honest engagement with patients in emotional distress.

An approach area for a helicopter​ is: -head-on from the front. -head-on from the tail. -on the left of the tail. -on the right of the tail.

​head-on from the front.