Section 11: The Complexity of Comprehension

Which statements about the major components of literacy development are true? 1) Oral language development, including vocabulary, must be nurtured from the earliest grades through reading aloud and classroom dialogue 2) Instruction in the early grades should emphasize the orthographic code of English 3) Once word recognition skills are established, the major emphasis of instruction should shift to language comprehension.

1,2, and 3

The approximate percentage of young readers that acquire age-appropriate word reading skills but do not develop commensurate reading comprehension ability is:

10%

Research-based principles for teaching letter formation includes all of following EXCEPT:

providing the same instruction and writing materials for right handed and left handed students

Based on the information provided, how would you describe Beth's profile as a reader?

Poor comprehender

Which of the following instructional adaptations would be most beneficial in addressing a student's difficulty with working memory?

Providing repetition and multiple examples

The readability of a text can be adjusted by:

Providing students with a parallel text written at a lower readability level

Which text processing skills instruction improves reading comprehension

Recalling background knowledge

Malcolm reads accurately/automatically from grade-level texts; however, he is unable to remember details from stories he reads or his teacher reads aloud. Malcolm also experiences persistent challenges with making inferences and paraphrasing what he has heard. Malcom likely has which type of reading profile?

Specific reading comprehension difficulty

The components of content area literacy that exert a strong influence on the success with which students learn to read and write in a particular discipline include all of the following EXCEPT:

Syntactic Knowledge

Which of the following statements about reading comprehension is true?

The cognitive process necessary for reading comprehension includes integration and inference comprehension monitoring, use of text structures, and memory

Which level of comprehension processing refers to the mental model?

The main idea, details, and their connection to each other and the context

Which of the following statements about situation models is true?

The situation model is the meaning-based representation of a text.

Content area literacy is a requisite for content area learning and a product of learning

True

Which of these early skills (at age 8-9) is predictor of BOTH word reading and reading comprehension in later years (age 11)?

Vocabulary Knowledge

Based on the information provided, in what areas of language comprehension is this student struggling?

Vocabulary, language structure , and verbal reasoning

Which level of comprehension processing refers to the text base?

What is implied in the text by the author

Which statement about reading and writing is true?

When students write about content area texts, they have read their comprehension of the text improves

The primary manifestations of dyslexia include difficulties with:

Word recognition and spelling

All of following statements about written expressions are true EXCPET:

Writing in response to reading improves student quality of writing but does not impact reading comprehension

Is this student also showing word recognition deficit?

Yes

_______________ is a cognitive factor that impacts reading and writing.

All of the above

Which of the following statements describe characteristics of topic sentence?

All other sentences in a paragraph or segment refer to and elaborate upon the topic sentence

The upper stands of Hollis Scarborough's Reading Rope includes all the following EXCEPT:

Background knowledge

What specific information from Beth's profile is indicative of a student with comprehension difficulties?

Beth performed well bellow age expectations on the CASL Syntax Construction assessment.

The writing frame below reflects which of the following text structures? At the end of _________, what happened was that ________. Prior to this,______________. Before that, however, ___________. This whole situation began with ______________.

Chronological sequence

Inference training enables comprehenders to compensate by using memory resources more effectively, which leads to gains in short term and working memory

False

The ability to compartmentalize and dissociate knowledge obtained in the "real world" from knowledge obtained in school is critical to activating topic knowledge.

False

The most effective way of couple double entry journals with jigsaw content learning groups to learn from multiple source materials on a topic is 1) to have students record important information from the source text on one side of the journal page and 2) to have the teacher respond with questions/comments on the other side of the page

False

Vocabulary knowledge is a strong predicator of basic reading and writing achievement but not content area learning.

False

While foundational skills for word reading develop before reading instruction begins, reading comprehension draws on skills and knowledge that develop after children are taught to read.

False

Which is a common long-term consequences for students with reading comprehension difficulties in school?

Fewer opportunities to acquire new vocabulary and knowledge

Which of the following signal words indicates a conditional relationship between ideas?

Likewise

Successful integration of the meanings of successive clauses and sentences within a text is referred to as:

Local Coherence

Lexical inference refers to:

Making inferences from clue words in the text

Which reading profile best fits this student?

Mixed type reading difficulty

Language comprehension is a dynamic and interactive process that involves

Phonological awareness proficiency