Section 7 Unit 1

Brown vs. Board of Education

"Separate but equal" is not really equal. Segregation in public schools is unconstitutional.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

"Separate but equal" is sufficient. Segregation is allowable.

Redlining

A lending company denies all loans for properties south of the river because of that area's demographics.

Jones vs. Mayer

Discrimination is not allowed, even when you're selling your own property.

Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974

During this time, women continued to lack credit, and lenders considered their salaries to be temporary or unstable. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 (ECOA) backed up the Housing and Community Development Act by requiring lenders to give businesses and consumers equal access to credit. ECOA prohibits discrimination "on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, or age (provided the applicant has the capacity to contract)." In addition, lenders must offer reasons when rejecting applications, and must respond to all applications within 30 days.

Blockbusting

Encouraging residents to sell now and avoid declining house values that could accompany minorities moving to the area.

Two different applicants whose only difference is protected class apply for the same property.

How does discrimination testing work?

9

How many total protected classes does Michigan recognize at the state and federal level?" Marsha asked.

Yes, he is violating Michigan fair housing law.

If Bob, a leasing agent in Detroit, refuses to rent to an elderly widower because "he may die soon," is the agent violating any fair housing laws?

The decision overturned the doctrine of "separate but equal."

In what way did the Supreme Court case of Brown vs. Board of Education affect the way fair housing laws are implemented today?

Exemptions to the Fair Housing Act

Owner-occupied buildings with no more than four units: Single-family housing sold or rented without the use of a broker: Housing operated by organizations Housing designated for senior use:

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Renae moved to the U.S. from Nigeria and became a citizen. Which act specifically provides Renae with the right to buy, sell, convey, inherit, and possess property?

Buchanan vs. Warley

Rules that ban certain races from living in certain areas are unconstitutional.

separate but equal

The first case is Plessy vs. Ferguson from the 1890s. This case set the stage for what would commonly be known as the " " doctrine. Select the correct statement.

Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO)

This agency is charged with enforcing fair housing laws and holding all parties accountable for compliance with these laws and regulations. Individuals who have experienced housing discrimination can file a complaint with this agency at no cost to themselves.

Never

Under what circumstances could a landlord legally refuse to rent to someone based on their national origin?

Discrimination is often not visible to the public.

What is one of the reasons that illegal discrimination still occurs?

Steering

When working with an African American client, Nancy makes an effort to show them homes in primarily African American communities.

Federal Fair Housing Act of 1968

Which act created the Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity under the Department of Housing and Urban Development?

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Which act was the first to prohibit any exceptions for discrimination based on race or color?

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Which decision stated that separate facilities for blacks and whites were constitutional as long as they were "equal"?

Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988

Your client submits an application to rent a condo unit. He has excellent credit and has had the same job for a long time. He uses a cane to help with his mobility. When his application is rejected, he feels it's due to his disability. He is protected under what federal law?

Housing and Community Development Act of 1974

amended the Fair Housing Act of 1968 to add sex to the list of protected classes. In the years leading up to this time, women endured sexual harassment and discrimination by landlords and sellers that made it difficult for them when obtaining housing.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

e Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination based on race, color, national origin, and religion in programs receiving federal financial assistance. This act set the stage for the Fair Housing Act.

Fair Housing Act of 1968

e federal Fair Housing Act of 1968 began a monumental change in the U.S. On April 11, 1968, fair housing reached a pivotal moment when President Lyndon Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act. Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act, called the Fair Housing Act, prohibited discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing and housing-related transactions based on race, color, national origin, and religion.

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

prohibits discrimination based on disability in programs, services, and activities provided or made available by public entities. It strengthened the 1988 amendments regarding disabilities. T

Fair Housing Amendments Act

provided consumers with remedies if they believed they were victims of discrimination in the sale, rental, or financing of housing. This act also added familial status and disability (both physical and mental) to the existing protected classes.

Housing for Older Persons Act of 1995

states that communities and facilities that meet certain criteria for providing housing to older persons are legally exempt from familial status discrimination. The housing must have one person who is age 55 or older residing in at least 80% of its occupied units, and the housing provider must demonstrate that the housing is intended for persons 55 and older.