Section: Rock and the Rock Cycle
when a body of ___________ rock is exposed at earths surface, a number of processes break the rock down into sediment.
igneous
when bits and pieces of rock are compacted or cemented, the bits and pieces become ____________ rocks.
sedimentary
define rock cycle
the series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again.
define bowens reaction series
the simplified pattern that illustrates the order in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma according to their chemical composition and melting point.
The word metamorphic means..
"changed form"
what did N.L. Bowen learn when he first began studying how minerals crystallize from magma?
as magma cools, certain minerals start to crystallize.
what two factors determine rocks natural zones of weakness?
factors determine how and where rocks form
Scientists who study the processes that form and change rock are called
geologists
if magma cools, it turns into new _________ rock.
igneous
both sedimentary and metamorphic rocks tend to break in ___________.
layers
What doesnt change the form of existing rock?
light
under certain temperature and pressure conditions, meramorphic rock will melt and form __________.
magma
if sedimentary rocks are subjected to changes in temperture and pressure, the rocks may become _____________ rocks.
metamorphic
Rock can sometimes be made of
mineral matter that is not crystalline
magma is
molten rock
lava is
molten rock that is exposed at Earths surface
when rock formed under intense ___________is uplifted to earths surface, decreased presssure allows the joints and fractures to open.
pressure
The solid part of earth is made up of a mineral called
rock
a particular body of rock does not always pass through each stage of the _____________.
rock cycle
metamorphic rock is
rock that forms when existing rock is altered
igneous rock is
rock that forms when molten rock cools and hardens
sedimentary rock is
rock that forms when rock fragments are compressed and cemented together
sediment
rock, mineral crystals, and organic matter that have been broken into fragments
Rock can be a collection of one or more minerals, or it might be made of
solid organic matter
the way that minerals and rocks form is related to the _________ of the rock.
stability
how are the physical and chemical properties of rock determined?
by how and where the rock was formed
what does the chemical stability of the minerals in the rock determine?
by how the rock forms and the way the rock breaks apart.
the chemical stability of minerals is dependent on the strength of the ____________ between atoms in the mineral.
chemical bond
what do physical characteristics of a rock reflect?
chemical composition
the rate at which a mineral chemically breaks down is dependent on the _____________ of the mineral.
chemical stability
The word igneous comes from a latin word that means
"from fire"
How do rocks get broken down into small fragments?
weathering
once weaknesses are exposed to air, the processes of physical and chemical ____________ begin.
weathering