sectional anatomy final

In sagittal sections through the acetabulum, the deep lateral rotators (muscles) are located directly over the posterior portion of the joint. These muscles are (1) inferior gemellus, (2) piriformis, (3) obturator internus, (4) superior gemellus, and (5) quadratus femoris. The sequence of these muscles from superior to inferior is:

2, 4, 3, 1, 5

The popliteal fossa is a diamond-shaped, fat-filled region behind the knee joint. Which of the following muscles are found in that area? (1) tibialis posterior; (2) hamstrings; (3) soleus; (4) gastrocnemius; (5) plantaris

2, 4, and 5

Place the following female pelvic structures in proper sequence from anterior to posterior: (1) posterior fornix; (2) urinary bladder; (3) rectum; (4) cervix; (5) pubic bone.

5, 2, 4, 1, 3 The pubic bone is most anterior, followed by the urinary bladder, cervix, posterior fornix, and rectum.

Which one of the following structures forms the prominence of the larynx?

Thyroid cartilage

Each of the following statements concerning the vertebral artery is correct except that it:

Ascends through the transverse foramina of C7 to C3 vertebrae

The piriformis muscle is:

Associated with the sciatic nerve in the greater sciatic notch

Concerning blood vessels in the neck:

At higher levels—at C1, for example—the external carotid artery is lateral to the internal carotid artery

In transverse sections through the midcalf region of the leg, muscles anterior to the interosseous membrane include the:

Tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles

The pulmonary trunk is to the right of the ascending aorta.

False Arising from the right ventricle, the pulmonary trunk ascends on the left side of the ascending aorta to the level of the aortic arch.

The largest muscle of the pelvic diaphragm is the:

Levator ani muscle

The falx cerebri is located in the:

Longitudinal fissure

Which one of the following forms part of the boundary of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Manubrium of sternum

Psoas muscle

Medial muscle of the posterior abdominal wall.

Which one of the following is true about the axilla?

Medially, the axillary wall includes the ribs, intercostal muscles, and serratus anterior muscle

Which of the following structures is associated with the ventricular walls of the heart?

Trabeculae carneae

The pulmonary semilunar valve is:

Most commonly situated at the level of the left third sternocostal junction

Transverse sections through the distal arm show the:

Radial nerve between the brachialis muscle and the lateral head of the triceps brachii muscle

Sagittal sections through the thorax, about 2 cm to the left of the midline, typically show:

The left bronchus posterior to the pulmonary trunk

In transverse sections through the sacroiliac joint in the male pelvis:

The lower portion of the ascending colon and cecum are in the right iliac fossa

In a transverse section through the distal femur:

The medial compartment has little muscle mass because the muscles in that compartment insert more proximally

In transverse sections through the thoracic inlet:

The most superficial muscle in the back is the trapezius

In transverse sections through the urinary bladder:

The obturator internus and the levator ani muscles form the lateral walls and the floor of the pelvic cavity

In transverse sections through the lower part of the sacrum:

The obturator internus muscle is medial to the ilium

Regarding the lobes of the brain:

The occipital lobe is the most posterior lobe of the cerebrum

In transverse sections through the uterus:

The ovaries are attached to the posterior portion of the broad ligament by the mesovarium

Concerning the muscles of the pelvis:

The pelvic diaphragm forms a muscular pelvic floor

Concerning the muscles of the true pelvis:

The pelvic diaphragm forms a muscular pelvic floor

In transverse sections through the prostate gland:

The pelvic walls are lined with the obturator internus muscle

Transverse sections through the neck at level C3 show:

The pharyngeal constrictor muscle anterior to the prevertebral muscle

All of the following statements about transverse sections of the proximal arm are true except:

The posterior compartment contains the lateral and long heads of the biceps brachii muscle

Concerning the trachea:

The posterior region of the trachea is related to the esophagus

Which of the following is not correct about coronal sections through the right atrium?

The pulmonary trunk, as it ascends from the right ventricle, is to the right of the ascending aorta and aortic arch

Sagittal sections through the right atrium typically also show the:

The right pulmonary artery anterior to the right bronchus

Which of the following statements about the larynx is false?

The rima glottidis is the opening or slit between the vestibular folds or true vocal folds of the larynx

Concerning the muscles located in the thigh

The sartorius is a long strap-like muscle that is superficial to the other anterior thigh muscles

Concerning the anterior muscle compartment of the thigh:

The sartorius muscle extends over both the hip and knee joints

Which one of the following statements about muscles in the thigh is false?

The sartorius muscle forms the medial border of the femoral triangle

Transverse sections through the seminal vesicles reveal:

The seminal vesicles posterior to the urinary bladder

Transverse sections through the neck at the level of the thoracic inlet are likely to show:

The sternocleidomastoid muscle anterior to the lobes of the thyroid gland

In transverse sections through the neck at level C1:

The styloid process of the temporal bone is medial to the parotid gland

In transverse sections through the midbrain:

The superior cistern contains the great cerebral vein

Which of the following statements about muscles associated with the hyoid bone is false?

The suprahyoid muscles are located in the posterior triangle of the neck

Concerning the bones of the pelvis

The symphysis pubis is the joint between the two os coxae

In transverse sections through the medulla oblongata

The temporalis muscle is medial to the zygomatic arch

In transverse sections through the basal ganglia:

The third ventricle is a midline structure

Concerning the abdominal planes:

The transpyloric is the most superior of the horizontal planes

In transverse sections through the larynx:

The trapezius muscle is posterior (or superficial) to the levator scapulae and erector spinae muscles

In sagittal sections through the humeroulnar articulation

The triceps brachii is on the posterior surface of the humerus and the brachialis muscle is on the anterior surface

In transverse sections through the proximal forearm:

The ulnar artery and ulnar nerve are located within the anterior muscle compartment

Transverse sections through the larynx show:

The vagus nerve slightly posterior to the internal jugular vein

Midsagittal sections through the neck show

The vallecula between the tongue and the epiglottis

In coronal sections through the root of the penis:

There are two crura and one bulb

Which of the following is not correct about coronal sections through the left atrium?

These sections typically show the pulmonary trunk as it arches posterior to the ascending aorta

Concerning the muscles of facial expression:

They are innervated by cranial nerve VII

The cerebral aqueduct is between the:

Third and fourth ventricles

Extrinsic back muscles include the:

Trapezius muscle

Muscles extend from the trunk to the humerus adduct and medially rotate the humerus.

True

One of the subdivisions of the ventral body cavity is the pelvic cavity.

True

The middle sacral artery is an unpaired parietal branch of the abdominal aorta.

True

The parietal pleura is a serous membrane.

True

The portion of the mediastinum that contains the heart is the middle mediastinum.

True The middle mediastinum, centrally located and limited by the fibrous pericardium, contains the heart and the roots of the ascending aorta, pulmonary artery, superior and inferior venae cavae, and the four pulmonary veins.

The horizontal and vertical planes that are used to divide the abdominopelvic cavity into four quadrants intersect in the:

Umbilical region

The carotid sheath encloses the:

Vagus nerve, common carotid artery, and internal jugular vein

Which of the following arteries does not participate in the formation of the circulus arteriosus cerebri (circle of Willis)?

Vertebral arteries

Peritoneal ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall. (answer using all lower case letters and correct spelling)

falciform ligament

In a portal triad, hepatic arteries are to the right of the hepatic ducts.

false

In transverse sections through the proximal arm, the cephalic vein appears on the medial side with the ulnar nerve.

false

In transverse sections through the proximal forearm, the extensor muscles are anterior to the interosseous membrane and the flexor muscles are posterior to the membrane

false

The extensor muscles in the arm are in the same relative position to the humerus as the flexor muscles in the forearm are relative to the radius and ulna.

false

The glenohumeral ligament reinforces the superior portion of the shoulder joint capsule.

false

The nerves that supply the muscles of the upper extremity are all branches of the cervical plexus.

false

The radius, the ulna, and the flexor retinaculum form a partition that separates the muscles of the forearm into anterior and posterior compartments.

false

The space between the iliac fossae and the pelvic brim is the:

false pelvis

When studying serial coronal sections from the anterior to posterior, which of the following structures do you typically see first?

femoral artery

Which body cavity normally contains the urinary bladder?

pelvic cavity

The layer of meninges in direct contact with the cerebral cortex is the:

pia mater

What is the name of the regions that are lateral and superior to the lumbar regions?

right and left hypochondriac

The _______ plane divides the body into right and left portions. (use all lower case text)

sagittal

Which bones of the cranium are paired?

temporal bones and parietal bones

Which of the following is most inferior?

third part of the duodenum

The posterior and inferior border of the ischium is the:

Ischial tuberosity

Intracapsular ligaments associated with the knee joint include the:

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Inferior mesenteric artery

Aortic branch that arises at L3

What is the chamber that forms the apex of the heart? (must use correct spelling; all lower case)

left ventricle

Gray matter is found in the:

lentiform nucleus

Light-colored line in the anterior abdominal wall that is formed by the fusion of sheets of tendon. (answer using all lower case and correct spelling).

linea alba

Which facial bones are present as single bones (not paired)?

mandible and vomer

Which of the paranasal sinuses are radiographically visible in the newborn?

maxillary

The corpora quadrigemina are located in the:

midbrain

A midline sagittal plane is a:

midsagittal plane

A plane that intersects the heart but does not intersect the lungs is a:

midsagittal plane

Left subclavian artery

most posterior branch of the aortic arch

Pectinate muscle

muscular rides in the right atrium

Subscapularis muscle

one of the rotator cuffs muscles

Which of the following structures normally is retroperitoneal?

pancreas

A certain plane intersects the right lung but does not intersect the heart or the left lung. It is a:

parasagittal plane

Which of the following is the innermost of the flat muscles of the abdomen?

transversus abdominis

In sagittal sections through the medial portion of the elbow, the biceps brachii muscle is superficial to the brachialis muscle.

true

In transverse sections through the carpal tunnel, the ulnar artery is anterior and medial to the radial artery.

true

The coracobrachialis muscle shares a common origin with the short head of biceps brachii muscle

true

The most superior portion of the pancreas is the tail.

true

The right renal artery is longer than the left renal artery.

true

The two common iliac veins form the inferior vena cava at a level that is inferior to the bifurcation of the aorta.

true

Celiac trunk (artery)

unpaired visceral branch from the abdominal aorta, usually arises from the aorta at the upper L1 vertebral level

Portal vein

vein that is part of the portal triad

Azygos vein

vessels that drain the thoracic wall

What is the specific serous membrane that covers the lungs?

visceral pleura

In transverse sections through the proximal femur, the femoral artery and vein are located between the:

Sartorius and adductor longus muscles

In transverse sections through the proximal thigh, which of the following muscles is anterior to the femur?

Sartorius muscle

There are four muscles associated with the pectoral region on the anterior thoracic wall. One of these muscles is the:

Serratus anterior

Which muscle forms the principal muscular landmark of the neck?

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Which of the following is not a location of cerebrospinal fluid?

Subdural space

Trapezius muscle

Superficial back muscle

Which of the following statements is false about intervertebral discs?

A herniated disc occurs when the annulus fibrosus protrudes through the nucleus pulposus

In sagittal sections through the acetabulum:

A portion of the gluteus medius muscle is superior to the gluteus maximus muscle

midsagittal section through the thorax typically shows:

A portion of the tricuspid valve

Each of the following statements about a pleural cavity is correct except:

Air moves freely in and out of it during respiration (The pleural cavities are closed cavities and the air does not freely move in and out.)

In anatomic position, the:

Antecubital region is on the ventral surface

The esophagus:

Begins as a continuation of the hypopharynx at the C6 vertebral level

The largest muscle in the anterior compartment of the arm is the:

Biceps brachii

The three muscles in the anterior muscle compartment of the arm are the:

Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis

Which one of the following muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh is the most lateral as it descends to insert on the upper part of the fibula?

Biceps femoris muscle

Concerning the vasculature of the pelvis:

Blood is drained from the pelvis by the internal iliac veins

Transverse sections through the proximal arm show the:

Brachial artery and vein adjacent to the medial head of the triceps brachii muscle

The following question is an extra credit question worth 5 points if answered correctly. Points for this question will be awarded manually by the instructor. A student is studying for a Sectional Anatomy test. The student places the elbow on the desk and rests the forehead in the palm of the hand. The action at the elbow is accomplished by the:

Brachialis muscle

Transverse sections through the radioulnar articulation show the:

Brachialis muscle close to its insertion on the ulna

Which artery is the first, or most anterior, large branch of the aortic arch?

Brachiocephalic artery

The quadrate lobe of the liver is more posterior than the caudate lobe.

False

Which of the following is not associated with dura mater?

Cerebrospinal fluid

Which one of the following statements is false about cervical vertebrae?

Cervical vertebrae have a normal curvature that is concave anteriorly

Which one of the following associations is false?

Common carotid artery—interpeduncular cistern

Meninges of the spinal cord:

Create a subarachnoid space distal to the end of the spinal cord

The celiac trunk:

Is superior to the renal arteries on the abdominal aorta

In transverse sections through the shoulder, the superficial muscle on the lateral side of the humerus is the:

Deltoid muscle

Concerning the bronchi:

Each secondary bronchus corresponds to a lobe of the lung

Which of the following is most superior?

Esophageal hiatus

The longitudinal cerebral fissure:

Extends only as far as the corpus callosum in the parietal region

Which of the following vessels does not contribute to the vascular supply to the brain?

External carotid artery

A frontal plane is a horizontal plane.

False

The lungs are located in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity.

False

There are five pairs of vertebrosternal ribs.

False The first seven ribs are considered vertebrosternal ribs, or true ribs, because they articulate directly with the sternum by way of their costal cartilages. The remaining five pairs are called false ribs. The costal cartilage of the eighth, ninth, and tenth ribs (the first three pairs of false ribs) is attached to the cartilage of the preceding rib rather than directly to the sternum. These are called vertebrochondral ribs. The last two pairs of false ribs are vertebral ribs, or floating, ribs, because they have no anterior attachment to the sternum.

The jugular notch is inferior to the sternal angle.

False The manubrium is the most superior of the three parts of the sternum. Its upper border is indented by a midline jugular notch, sometimes called suprasternal notch, which is easily palpable. The manubrium and body of the sternum do not articulate in a straight line. Instead, their line of junction projects forward, forming the sternal angle (of Louis).

Horizontal and oblique fissures divide the left lung into three lobes.

False There is no horizontal fissure in the left lung, which has only two lobes

The femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral nerve are located in the femoral triangle. The sequence of these structures from lateral to medial is:

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, and femoral vein

In sagittal sections through the acetabulum, two muscles in the gluteal region that are inferior to the piriformis muscle are the:

Gemellus and obturator internus

In transverse sections through the proximal femur, the medial muscle compartment includes the:

Gracilis and adductor longus muscles

The cerebellum:

Has two hemispheres that are connected by a centrally located vermis

In transverse sections through the axilla, the most lateral boundary of the axilla is the:

Humerus

Which of the following statements about the peritoneal cavity is false?

In females, the cavity is completely enclosed.

Concerning the muscles of the lower extremities

In general, the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh are adductors

Erector spinae muscles:

Include the iliocostalis and longissimus muscles

Which of the following venous sinuses of the dura mater drains the cavernous sinuses directly into the internal jugular veins?

Inferior petrosal sinus

The sinus that occupies the inferior free margin of the falx cerebri is the:

Inferior sagittal sinus

The base, or widest part, of the femoral triangle is formed by the:

Inguinal ligament

Transverse abdominis muscle

Innermost (deepest) muscle of the anterolateral abdominal muscle

White matter is found in the:

Internal capsule

What vein joins with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein?

Internal jugular vein

The trachea:

Is anterior to the esophagus and a little to the right of midline

The superior vena cava:

Is formed by the right and left brachiocephalic veins

The urinary bladder:

Is held in place by peritoneal ligaments and is relatively movable, except for the inferior neck region where it is firmly anchored

The heart:

Is primarily on the left side

Which of the following relationships of the right pulmonary artery is true? It courses to the right, posterior to the right main stem bronchus Correct! It courses to the right, posterior to the ascending aorta The right pulmonary artery courses to the right, posterior to the ascending aorta; it is posterior to the superior vena cava, superior to the left atrium, and anterior to the right bronchus. It courses to the right, anterior to the superior vena cava It courses to the right, inferior to the left atrium

It courses to the right, posterior to the ascending aorta

All of the following statements about the left lung are true except that:

It has a greater volume than the right lung

Which statement may be correctly applied to the omental bursa?

It is a compartment of the peritoneal cavity located between the stomach and the posterior abdominal wall.

Each of the following statements concerning the tentorium cerebelli is correct except that:

It is located between the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

Which one of the following statements about the pectineus muscle is true?

It is medial to the iliopsoas muscle

Transverse sections through the proximal leg show the:

Lateral and medial heads of the gastrocnemius muscle

The group of muscles that attaches the humerus to the trunk and functions to adduct the arm includes the:

Latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major

Midsagittal sections through the thorax typically show the:

Left brachiocephalic vein anterior to the ascending aorta

Anteriorly, the quadriceps femoris tendon continues inferiorly to reinforce the fibrous capsule of the knee. The portion that continues inferiorly and reinforces the joint capsule is the:

Patellar ligament

What muscle of the leg is often used as a graft in reconstructive hand surgery?

Plantaris muscle

A large portion of the liver is in the right hypochondriac region of the abdominal cavity. This location also places it in the:

Right upper quadrant

Intervertebral foramina are formed by the:

Superior and inferior vertebral notches of adjacent vertebrae

The pudendal nerve:

Supplies the perineum and external genitalia

What is the most lateral muscle of the gluteal region?

Tensor fasciae latae muscle

Concerning the arteries of the pelvis:

The abdominal aorta divides into the right and left common iliac arteries at L4

In transverse sections through the pons:

The basilar artery is in the pontine cistern

A transverse section of the cubital fossa shows:

The brachialis muscle in the floor of the fossa

Which of the following statements about the celiac trunk is false?

The celiac trunk gives off the left hepatic artery, which courses to the left lobe of the liver.

In transverse sections through the urinary bladder of the female:

The cervix is interposed between the bladder and the rectum

Concerning blood vessels in the neck:

The common carotid artery bifurcates at the level of the disc between C3 and C4

Which of the following is true about the hip joint?

The joint capsule is reinforced with the iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments

Which of the following statements is true about abdominal organs?

The kidneys and pancreas are retroperitoneal.

In transverse sections through the proximal leg:

The lateral and medial condyles of the tibia form most of the osseous structure

Transverse sections through the neck at level C1 show:

The dens or odontoid process of C2

Which one of the following is true about the male urethra?

The ducts of the bulbourethral glands open into the proximal region of the spongy urethra

Which of the following statements about the male reproductive system is false?

The ejaculatory duct empties into the middle portion of the urethra

Which of the following statements about pelvic blood vessels is false?

The external iliac artery is a short vessel that branches profusely

Transverse sections through the third cervical vertebrae, passing through the mandible and muscle of the tongue, usually show

The external jugular vein related to the sternocleidomastoid muscle

A midsagittal section through the female pelvis shows:

The fundus and the body of the uterus anteverted over the superior surface of the bladder

Which of the following statements about the female reproductive organs is false?

The fundus is the lower one-third of the uterus

Transverse sections through the glenoid fossa show:

The glenoid labrum at the edges of the glenoid fossa

In transverse sections through the proximal femur:

The gracilis muscle is medial (superficial) to the three adductor muscles

In transverse sections through the sacroiliac joint:

The iliacus muscle lines the iliac fossa and the gluteal muscles originate on the lateral surface of the ilium

Which of the following statements about the muscles of the perineum is false?

The ischiocavernosus muscle is in the median line of the urogenital region

In transverse sections through the root of the penis:

The ischiocavernosus muscle is related to the crura

Rectus abdominis muscle

anterior abdominal muscle that has vertical fibers

What is the specific name of the central vessel of the three great vessels at the base of the heart? (must use correct spelling; all lower case letters)

ascending aorta

When studying serial sagittal sections from the right side to the left, which of the following structures do you typically see first?

ascending colon

Which artery divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery? (spelling counts; use lower case letters)

brachiocephalic artery

Specific portion of the liver that is between the inferior vena cava and the ligamentum venosum. (answer using all lower case letters and correct spelling

caudate lobe

The blood vessel that is contained in the superficial fascia of the arm and passes between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles is the:

cephalic vein

The skeleton of the thorax includes all of the following structures except the:

clavicle The skeleton of the thorax is formed by the sternum anteriorly, the twelve thoracic vertebrae posteriorly, and the ribs with their costal cartilages laterally. The clavicle is part of the pectoral girdle, not the thorax.

The thalamus and hypothalamus are a part of the:

diencephalon

What is the name of the structure that is immediately posterior to the trachea? (must use correct spelling; all lower case)

esophagus

What foramen of the skull transmits the vertebral arteries and accessory nerves?

foramen magnum

A plane through the cranium that is posterior to the face and anterior to the occipital region is a:

frontal plane

What muscles are in the middle layer of the scalp?

frontalis muscle and occipitalis muscle

When taking sagittal sections from right to left, which of the following should you see first?

gallbladder

Vein that transports nutrient-rich blood from the small intestine to the liver. (answer using all lower case letters and correct spelling).

hepatic portal vein

Left renal vein

horizontal vein that is anterior to the aorta but posterior to the superior mesenteric artery

When studying serial sagittal sections from the right side to the left, which of the following structures do you typically see first?

ilium

When studying transverse sections of the body, it is assumed, unless otherwise stated, that the subject is:

in a supine position

Which chamber of the heart is the one that has the closest relationship to the wall of the esophagus?

left atrium

The blood vessel that passes horizontally anterior to the descending aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery. (answer using all lower case letters and correct spelling)

left renal vein

Which paranasal sinus drains into the space above the superior nasal conchae?

sphenoid

When taking coronal sections from posterior to anterior, which of the following should you see first?

spleen

Blood vessel that supplies blood to the pancreas. (answer using all lower case letters and correct spelling).

splenic artery

Diaphragm

superior boundary of the of the abdominal cavity

Horizontal plane that is halfway between the xiphoid and the umbilicus. (answer using all lower case and correct spelling)

transpyloric plane

Which of the following muscles does not contribute to the formation of the posterior abdominal wall?

transverse abdominis

Most anterior portion of the colon. (answer using all lower case letters and correct spelling)

transverse colon

A plane that intersects the orbits of both eyes and the brain but does not pass through the tongue is a:

transverse plane