Sections 7 and 8

In lecture, it was discussed that war interrupted the Pax Britanica. Which war was this?

The Crimean War of 1853

The "white man's burden" refers to:

the burden of having to civilize conquered peoples

According to Dr. McCarty, the new imperialism that followed the Industrial Revolution was different from older forms of colonialism in what ways? (Select all that apply)

1. Its speed: Colonialism took 400 years to control 60% of the world, while the new imperialism divided up the remainder of the world in only 30 years. 2. Its justifications: The superiority of modern industrial and military technologies needed to "civilize" the natives of the world, which continued but expanded on an idea present in earlier colonialism. 3. Its aspirations: They aimed to bring the entire world into a single integrated global economy. 4. It's scale: Imperial powers that had been content on the periphery of continents now sought to conquer the entire world.

During World War II the nations formed military alliances that continued to shape the political landscape well after the war was over. Which of the following were major Axis powers?

1. Japan 2. Germany 3. Italy

In "Two Visions in the Heart of Darkness" Edward Said argued that Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" contains three different storylines that share the theme of "Europeans performing acts of imperial mastery" in Africa. Which three of the following storylines echo that theme?

1. Marlow's journey up the river 2. Marlow's narrative within the story 3. Kurtz's great ivory looting adventure

Which were the two regions of the world were almost completely divided up and annexed during the Age of Empire?

1. Pacific 2. Africa

According to Dr. McCarty, which of the following are true about the impact of World War I on the British colonies? (Select all that apply)

1. Whole villages were wiped out 2. Soldiers from colonies were first to go "over the top"

In "The Age of Total War" author Eric Hobsbawm argued that World War II was a "total war" because the combatants:

1. depicted their opponents as evil, barbaric or inhuman 2. intentionally targeted civilian workforce and industrial infrastructure 3. sought the unconditional surrender of their opponents 4. exhausted their entire military and economic capacities

In lecture it was argued that there were four explanations for European imperialism during the Scramble for Africa in the 19th century. Which four of the following are among those reasons:

1. justifying prior acts of colonial exploitation 2. colonies were counterweights in the European balance of power 3. Europe and America were "civilizing" the world 4. economic demand for raw materials

The Treaty of Versailles was important because (more than one)

1. set up the League of Nations 2. war guilt clause assigned guilt to Germany 3. planted the seeds for World War II

The introduction to Section 8 discusses how propaganda was used as a mechanism of 20th century warfare in the following ways:

1. to stereotype Japanese as being maniacal murderers 2. to paint the Germans as being bloodthirsty and ruthless 3. to demonize the Jewish people

In "The Age of Empire" author Eric Hobsbawm argued that nineteenth century imperialism:

1. was accompanied by rapid increase in exports and shipping 2. was accompanied by a rapid increase in the globalization of the economy 3. had economic, political, ideological and racial dimensions

In lecture, a political cartoon depicted a region of the world as a cake that was being carved up by imperial powers. What region did the cake represent?

Africa

In lecture, it was explained that Pax Britannica refers to:

All of the above

According to Dr. McCarty's section 7 introduction, the entirety of Africa was under direct European control except for which 2 countries?

Ethiopia and Liberia

In "The Age of Empire" Eric Hobsbawm argued that during the imperial period westerners mistreated the non-westerners in much the same way as had the colonial empires before them.

False

In "The Age of Total War" author Eric Hobsbawm argued that the wars of the twentieth century were fought on a scale that was proportional to previous wars.

False

In "Two Visions in the Heart of Darkness" Edward Said argued that people in the developing world shouldn't be so ungrateful. They shouldn't bite the hand that feeds them.

False

In "Two Visions in the Heart of Darkness" Edward Said argued that the hour-by-hour, minute-by-minute, violent history of colonial intervention over several hundred years is fully justified because the West gave the Eastern people progress.

False

The period between World War I and World War II was known as the Belle Epoque or the Pax Britannica in Europe.

False

According to Dr. McCarty, the turning point of World War II was:

The Battle of Kursk (1943)

According to Dr. McCarty's introduction, which of the following was NOT part of the Interwar Period?

The Scramble for Africa

According to Dr. McCarty, what were films like Gunga Din, Stagecoach and Zulu aimed at portraying?

The heroism involved in the imperial "civilizing" project.

According to Dr. McCarty, the perception of science changed following World War II due to the realization that science was not only an agent of progress but could also be an agent of the destruction of humanity.

True

By the outbreak of World War II in 1939 the United States and Western European countries had taken control of about one third of the world's area and population.

True

Edward Said argued that the vast darkness is always near in Conrad's narrative, continually threatening to close in on the light. For Said this device echoed the uneasiness of the white colonizer in a foreign land and vastly outnumbered by darker colonials.

True

Eric Hobsbawm argued that the modern period between 1875-1914 was paradoxically the period with the most emperors.

True

In "The Age of Empire" Eric Hobsbawm argued that the most powerful cultural legacy of imperialism was an education in western ways.

True

In "The Age of Empire" Eric Hobsbawm stated that in many parts of Africa the experience of colonialism from occupation to independence fits within a single lifetime.

True

In "The Age of Empire" author Eric Hobsbawm argued that between 1875-1914 the new industrial powers annexed many of the territories of the old colonial empires. Oddly, a few of these territories managed to avoid annexation because the industrial powers simply couldn't agree on how to divide them up.

True

In "The Age of Empire" author Eric Hobsbawm argued that in late 1800's a newly coined term "imperialism" was used to describe a modern phenomenon that was clearly different from the empires of old.

True

In "The Age of Total War" Hobsbawm argued that for many it seemed peace ended and the great edifice of nineteenth-century civilization crumpled in the thirty one years of conflict between the start of World War I in 1914 to the end of World War II in 1945.

True

In "The Age of Total War" author Eric Hobsbawm argued that the wars of the twentieth century were fought on an altogether vaster scale than anything previously experienced.

True

In "The Age of Total War" author Eric Hobsbawm stated that in World War I the Western Front, a line of trenches that stretched from the Swiss border to the North Sea, did not shift significantly in either direction for the next three-and-a-half years.

True

In "Two Visions in the Heart of Darkness" Edward Said argued that the residue of nineteenth century imperialism can still be seen in the way natives are represented in Western media.

True

In "Two Visions in the Heart of Darkness" author Edward Said argued that some important aspects of the imperial cycle in the late 1800's were replicated in the postcolonial independence movement of the late 1900's.

True

In his introduction to section 8, Dr. McCarty argued that World War I and World War II changed the scope, scale and aims of warfare, and introduced the concept of total war.

True

According to the course lecture the human and material costs of World War II left many industrialized nations exhausted and bankrupt. By the end of the war many of the most powerful imperial powers were humbled and their territories divided. Which of the following nations came out of World War II in a stronger position?

United States

Match the following events with their approximate dates: World War I World War II Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Treaty of Versailles Great Depression

World War I: 1914-1918 World War II: 1939-1945 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria: 1914 Treaty of Versailles: 1919 Great Depression: 1929-1933

In lecture, the mining of blood diamonds in Africa was discussed as an illustration of:

contemporary

Following World War II the new nuclear super powers competed for political dominance. Even though countries such as the US and USSR never officially declared war on each other, or even officially engaged in direct hostilities, these countries participated in several wars that can be understood to be part of this larger struggle. In this sense the wars in Korea, Vietnam and Afghanistan can be understood as __________ wars.

proxy

Which of the following was NOT one of Eric Hobsbawm's arguments about the two world wars in "The Age of Total War"?

the wars were superficially similar but not substantially connected