Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology 11th ed Chapter 13 & 14 Lecture Exam

Mechanoreceptors include

All the tactile receptors, and the stereocilia of hair cells for balance and hearing.

The largest neurons in the CNS that are located in the cerebellar cortex

Purkinje cells

Name the 3 types of memory, outline what each one does and how long it lasts

9 point essay

163. From the list, indicate three types of molecules that are permeable to the the blood-brain barrier.

-caffeine -glucose -oxygen

155. Where in the brain are basal nuclei located?

-cerebrum -diencephalon -midbrain

152. What are the three major regions of the cerebellum? (Check all that apply.)

-flocculonodular lobe -lateral hemispheres -vermis

161. Identify the structures that are part of the epithalamus.

-habenula -pineal gland

162. Identify the blood vessels that supply blood to the brain.

-internal carotid arteries -vertebral arteries

58. Arrange the following in order from the diencephalon downward.

-midbrain -pons -medulla -spinal cord

160. Cerebrospinal fluid flows through the ____ to the ____ where it enters the venous circulation.

-subarachnoid space -arachnoid granulations

63. The central sulcus separates the

frontal and parietal lobes.

Speech centers are located in the

Left frontal, temporal and parietal lobes.

Substances that can diffuse across the blood-brain barrier

Lipids

8. Which of the following statements concerning the brainstem is true? a. The brainstem is comprised of the medulla, pons and thalamus. b. Damage to the brainstem is usually fatal. c. The brainstem develops from the telencephalon.

Damage to the brainstem is usually fatal.

53. Afferent fibers terminating in the hypothalamus provide input from the A. visceral organs. B. taste receptors of the tongue. C. limbic system. D. the prefrontal cortex of the cerebrum. E. All of these choices are correct.

E. All of these choices are correct..

Memories will be strengthened by

Emotion, repetition, association.

Describe 3 problems that might result in aphasia, including the associated receptors and/or regions of the brain, in your discussion.

Essay

151. True or false: The pons is largely responsible for the control of skeletal muscle activity.

FALSE

Bell's Palsy may result from damage to the _________ nerve.

Facial (VII)

Taste in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue are transmitted through the _____ nerve.

Facial (VII)

The dural fold found between the two cerebral hemispheres is called

Falx cerebri

67. During brain surgery, the superior portion of the postcentral gyrus of a patient is stimulated. What do you expect the patient to do?

Feel pressure on his toes.

149. The portion of the midbrain involved in dealing with auditory pathways is the ______.

Inferior colliculus of the tectum.

11. Which of the following is correctly associated with the medulla oblongata? a. It contains nuclei for the regulation of heart rate and blood vessel diameter. b. Relays information between the cerebrum and cerebellum. c. Is part of the auditory pathway.

It contains nuclei for regulation of heart rate and blood vessel diameter.

61. The pineal body

appears to play a role in controlling the onset of puberty, causing sleepiness and regulate the biological clock.

164. What structure ultimately regulates the passage of materials from the blood into the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain?

blood brain barrier

98. What structural feature of the brain regulates the movement of materials from the blood into the brain?

blood-brain barrier

147. The embryonic structure that gives rise to the structures of the central nervous system is called the

brainstem

78. Which of the following basal nuclei is located in the cerebrum?

caudate nucleus

38. The cerebellum communicates with other parts of the CNS by means of nerve tracts called the

cerebellar peduncles.

89. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the ____ and is reabsorbed by the ____.

choroid plexus, arachnoid granulation

70. Tracts of white matter that connect the right and left hemispheres are composed of

commissural fibers.

Match the fiber track with its correct description: Association fibers

connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere

Match the fiber track with its correct description: Projection fibers

connect parts of the cerebrum to other parts of the brain and spinal cord

Match the fiber track with its correct description: Commissural fibers

connect the two cerebral hemispheres

72. The cerebral medulla

consists of many nerve tracts of white matter beneath the cerebral cortex.

Turning short-term memories into long term memories is called

consolidation

42. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebellum? control the heart rate balance and eye movements practice complex movements posture and fine motor control

control the heart rate

48. The habenular nuclei and pineal body are both found in the

epithalamus.

27. The superior colliculi receive input from the

eyes, skin, cerebrum and inferior colliculi.

111. Paralysis on the right side of the face could result from damage to the right _____ nerve.

facial (VII)

112. A baseball player was hit on the left side of his skull in the parotid area. He cannot close his eye and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve was damaged?

facial (VII)

125. When you lick frosting off a knife with the tip of your tongue and find the frosting has an orange flavor to it, which cranial nerve is being used to determine the taste of the frosting?

facial (VII)

126. Which of the following cranial nerves has a parasympathetic component?

facial (VII)

110. Facial expression is regulated by the

facial nerve (VII).

116. Motor control of the face is the function of the ____ nerve, while sensation from the face is determined by the ____ nerve.

facial, trigeminal

59. Which of the following feelings is NOT related to hypothalamic function?

feeling rested after flying to England

Match the function with the correct lobe of the brain: insula

fifth lobe of the brain

40. The portion of the cerebellum that is involved in balance and eye movements is the

flocculonodular lobe.

103. Which of the following would help to determine if the oculomotor nerve was damaged?

have the patient look superiorly and inferiorly

55. Which of the following brain areas serves as the major control center of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system? a. Pons b. Cerebellum c. Epithalamus d. Hypothalamus

hypothalamus

57. Thirteen year-old Austin exhibits retarded growth, reduced metabolism, lack of normal reproductive gland development, inability to regulate water intake or water elimination from the body, and an uncontrolled appetite. What part of Austin's brain is most likely involved?

hypothalamus

Important in regulation of mood, emotion, sexual pleasure, satiation, rage, and fear.

hypothalamus

Receives input from viscera, taste receptors, limbic system, nipples, external genitalia.

hypothalamus

54. Anna has an eating disorder along with intense thirst and wildly varying body temperatures, which means she may have a dysfunction of the

hypothalamus.

56. The "thermostat" or nucleus that monitors blood temperature is located in the

hypothalamus.

Match the function with the correct lobe of the brain: frontal lobe

important in voluntary motor function

45. The stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the hypophysis (or pituitary gland) is the

infundibulum.

81. The basal nuclei function to

inhibit unwanted muscular activity.

115. The facial and glossopharyngeal nerves

innervate the salivary glands.

94. The blockage of CSF inside the brain is a condition called

internal hydrocephalus.

75. The corpus callosum

is a band of commissural fibers that connects the right cerebral hemisphere to the left cerebral hemisphere.

95. Water-soluble molecules such as glucose and amino acids move across the blood-brain barrier by

mediated transport.

16. Which portion of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord?

medulla oblongata

17. A patient with a traumatic head injury may exhibit vomiting as a result of irritation of nuclei in the

medulla oblongata.

18. A small lesion in the brainstem which resulted in a rapid heart rate, intense vasoconstriction, and elevated blood pressure would probably be located in the

medulla oblongata.

5. From which embryonic brain region does the cerebellum form?

metencephalon

148. What part of the brainstem that contains the cardiac center, vasomotor center, and respiratory center?

midbrain

24. The nuclei of cranial nerves III, IV, and V are located in the

midbrain.

31. A lesion in the cerebral peduncles might affect

movement.

6. From which embryonic brain region does the medulla oblongata form?

myelencephalon

The receptor type for detecting pain

nociceptor

9. In the CNS, clusters of gray matter containing cell bodies are called

nuclei.

104. Ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid) of the left eye would be caused by damage to the

oculomotor nerve (III).

124. A fracture of the cribriform plate might injure the _____ cranial nerve?

olfactory (I)

153. What structures connect the cerebellum to the brainstem and allow communication between the cerebellum and other parts of the CNS?

peduncles

1. The central nervous system develops from a flat mass of tissue called the neural

plate.

Match the function with the correct lobe of the brain: temporal lobe

plays an important role in memory

22. Which area of the brain contains areas that initiates REM sleep?

pons

23. Which two portions of the brain are involved in controlling respiration?

pons, medulla oblongata

19. The part of the brain that connects the medulla to the midbrain is the

pons.

20. The nucleus for the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) is located in the

pons.

93. Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

provides oxygen to CNS tissue

Match the function with the correct lobe of the brain: occipital lobe

reception and integration of visual input

Match the function with the correct lobe of the brain: parietal lobe

reception of most sensory input

21. Damage to pontine nuclei might affect

respiration.

150. What are the group of loosely packed nuclei within the length of the brainstem called that are involved in cyclic activities such as sleep-wake cycles?

reticular formation

34. The sleep/wake cycle is influenced by the

reticular formation.

121. Unilateral damage to a cranial nerve is suspected because the tongue deviates to the right when it is protruded. Which cranial nerve is damaged?

right hypoglossal

Describe the difference between declarative and procedural memory

short answer.

The reticular activating system has no sensory information from which sense?

smell

Chemoreceptors detect

smell and taste

99. Cranial nerve function includes

somatic motor.

65. Which of the following is not a lobe of the cerebrum?

sphenoidal

86. Cerebrospinal fluid fills the

subarachnoid space.

29. A bird hits the windshield of your car, and you reflexively duck and close your eyes. Which of the following is responsible for this action?

superior colliculi

25. The superior and inferior colliculi, which together are called the corpora quadrigemina, are located in which of the following portions of the midbrain?

tectum (roof) of the midbrain.

32. What part of the midbrain carries sensory tracts from the spinal cord?

tegmentum

2. The cerebrum develops from the embryonic region called the

telencephalon.

64. The lateral fissure separates the _____ from the rest of the cerebrum.

temporal lobe

15. Which of the following terms does NOT belong with the others? pons medulla midbrain thalamus

thalamus

46. The interthalamic adhesion connects the two portions of the

thalamus.

50. Most sensory input that ascends through the spinal cord and brainstem projects to the

thalamus.

43. A person with a lesion in the brain exhibited the following manifestations: normal tension in skeletal muscle, disturbed fine motor control, exhibited tremors when reaching for objects. What part of the brain is most likely damaged?

the cerebellum

82. The limbic system involves various neural connections between

the cerebrum and diencephalon.

77. Projection fibers will connect

the cerebrum to other parts of the brain and the spinal cord.

85. The most superficial meningeal layer is

the dura mater.

73. The primary somatic sensory or general sensory area is located in

the postcentral gyrus.

100. The Roman numerals assigned to each cranial nerve reflect

the sequence from anterior to posterior in which they emerge from the brain.

62. The cerebral gyri increase

the surface area of the cortex.

91. The cerebral aqueduct connects

the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle.

92. Which ventricle is located between the two halves of the thalamus?

third ventricle

The right side of the brain is associated with which functions

three-dimensional or spatial perception, recognition of faces, musical ability.

Glutamates effects in developing memory are

through increasing glutamate receptors on post-synaptic membranes; and is associated with long term potentiation of memories.

108. Dentists anesthetize a portion of the _____ nerve to stop pain impulses from the teeth.

trigeminal (V)

106. A kiss on the cheek would be perceived by impulses from the

trigeminal nerve (V).

107. Maggie has her wisdom teeth removed, and later has difficulty with chewing and cannot feel sensations to the side of her face. This is likely caused by the numbing of the

trigeminal nerve (V).

109. Which of the following cranial nerves innervates only one muscle of the eyeball?

trochlear nerve (IV)

33. What is the role of the red nuclei?

unconscious regulation and coordination of motor activities

165. Reflexes involved in maintaining homeostasis may involve the _____ nerve.

vagus

117. Damage to branches of the _____ nerve can interfere with normal speech.

vagus (X)

118. Which nerve has branches that extend to the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

vagus nerve (X)

119. Damage to which of the following cranial nerves might result in death?

vagus nerve (X)

7. What do the cavities of the neural tube become in the adult brain?

ventricles

88. Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by tissue in the walls and roofs of the

ventricles of the brain.

101. Which of the following cranial nerves is exclusively sensory?

vestibulocochlear (VIII)

113. A deer hunter lost the hearing in his right ear after his gun exploded when he tried firing it. His hearing loss is the result of damage to what nerve?

vestibulocochlear (VIII)

The simplest sensory receptor are

Free nerve endings

The blood-brain barrier is produced by

Oligodendrocytes

Meissner's corpuscle detects

Stroking

The visual cortex is located in

The occipital lobe

122. The accessory nerve (XI)

A. has fibers that join the vagus nerve. B. has both a cranial and a spinal component. C. provides innervation to the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. D. is cranial nerve XI. E. All of these choices are correct.

The limbic system is comprised of which parts

Amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, parts of the basal nuclei and cingulate gyrus.

96. Which of the following arteries supply blood to the brain?

Both the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.

1. The part of the brainstem responsible for regulating heart rate, respiration and swallowing is the

Medulla oblongata

Visceral sensations include

Pain and pressure

The primary somatic sensory cortex is located on the

Post-central gyrus

The primary somatic motor cortex is located on the

Pre-central gyrus

159. What is the function of the arachnoid granulations?

Reabsorb CSF into the blood of the dural sinuses

Explain the difference between general senses and special senses

Short answser/essay

The olfactory cortex is located in the

Superior part of temporal lobe

Free nerve endings detect

Temperature, Pain, Itch

The purple and green parts of the image are...

The Diencephalon & Brainstem.

90. Sixteen year-old Jake is diagnosed with hydrocephaly. What will this do if left untreated?

The excess fluid will exert pressure on his brain.

49. Which of the following is false? The thalamus is the sensory relay center of the brain. The thalamus controls many endocrine functions The thalamus is surrounded by the third ventricle.

The thalamus controls many endocrine functions.

The location of the choroid plexuses

Third Ventricle

The Pacinian corpuscle detects

Vibration

36. Which of the following activities would stimulate the reticular formation? Somebody moving around a room the smell of smoke in the air a clock radio coming on in the morning.

a clock radio coming on in the morning

Homunculus

a map-like representation of regions of the somatic sensory cortex

79. Lesions of the basal nuclei could cause

a slight shaking of the hands or head.

120. Which of the following cranial nerves does not innervate the tongue?

accessory (XI)

123. Dysfunction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle could result from damage to the

accessory nerve. (XI)

102. The oculomotor nerve

adjusts pupil size to the level of lighting.

52. Injury to the thalamus would

affect sensory projection to the cerebral cortex.

39. The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching network known as the

arbor vitae.

51. The mammillary bodies

are involved in emotional responses to odors.

105. The abducens nerves

are involved in eye movement.

26. The inferior colliculi

are involved with auditory pathways in the CNS.

69. Association fibers connect

areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere.

154. Fibers connecting areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere are ______ fibers.

association

76. What type of white fibers connect areas of the cerebral cortex in the same hemisphere?

association fibers

157. A group of functionally related nuclei within the cerebrum, diencephalon and midbrain are ______.

basal nuclei

158. What is the group of structures in the brain that is involved with emotions and memory?

basal nuclei

30. The substantia nigra interconnects with the

basal nuclei.

97. Henry has a thrombus just beyond where the vertebral arteries join on the base of the pons. Which vessel is affected?

basilar artery

74. Which of the following activities is NOT associated with the cerebrum?

controlling the autonomic nervous system

71. What is the large C-shaped mass of white matter that consists of nerve fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres?

corpus callosum

66. The gray matter on the outer surface of the cerebrum is called the

cortex.

10. The fact that the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body is explained by the

decussation of the pyramids in the medulla.

12. The pyramids of the medulla contain

descending motor tracts.

47. Which of the following is mismatched?

dorsal tier of nuclei - taste impulses

Name the meninges from superficial to deep

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

3. From which germ layer does the nervous system form?

ectoderm

83. The limbic system

is associated with basic survival instincts of nutrition, memory, and reproduction.

35. The reticular formation

is composed of nuclei scattered throughout the brain stem.

114. The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

is involved in the sense of taste.

41. Smooth, flowing movements are the result of fine motor coordination in the

lateral cerebellar hemispheres.

84. Which of the following is NOT part of the limbic system?

lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

The left side of the brain is associated with which functions

mathematics and speech