Semester 1 Final Unit 1-3 AP psyche

What are Hypotheses?

A testable prediction often implied by a theory.

What is a placebo?

A treatment appears to be real, but has no effect.

What are random sampling and random assignment?

Representative group to be studied. Each person from a group has an equal chance to be chosen.

Empiricism

knowledge originates in experience and science

What are the components of the peripheral nervous system?

motor neurons, sensory neurons, somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and auto/sympathetic division.

What is the brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron?

the brief electrical charge traveling down the axon of a neuron.

What is the range of a distribution?

the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value

What is Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection?

An evolutionary process through which adaptive traits are passed on from generation to generation because these traits help the organism to survive and reproduce.

What is a theory?

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations that predict behaviors and events.

Phineas Gage's case provided evidence that which region of the brain played a role in personality and behavior?

Association Areas, parts of the cerebral cortex in all 4 lobes.

This perspective most clearly focuses on the learning involved with observable responses

Behavioral perspective

Which brain area is primarily involved with controlling speech?

Broca's area

Who was famous for their use of introspection?

Edward Bradford Titchener

What are the chemical messengers of the endocrine system?

Hormones

What is an experiment?

Is there a relationship between two variables?

What is the distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective?

It springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.

What is illusory correlation and what is an example of it?

It's a perceived nonexistent relationship and an example is black cats cause bad luck.

Who was the first female president of the APA?

Mary Whalton Calkins.

Does correlation imply causation?

NOOOOO

In terms of Psychology, what is overconfidence?

Our confidence is greater than our objective accuracy.

What was the method of introspection used to identify?

Reflecting inward on experiences and reporting.

Who believed that mind and body were distinct and separable?

Socrates

What is naturalistic observation and what is an example of it?

Systematic observation of an organism in a natural setting. Jake watches a village of Gorillas.

Which component of the limbic system plays an essential role in processing new memories?

The Hippocampus

What is the master gland of the endocrine system?

The Pituitary Gland

Which region of the brain is focused on food and sex?

The hypothalamus

In terms of a psychology study, what is population?

The population is a group to be studied.

What is hindsight bias?

The tendency to believe after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.

What do correlation coefficients tell us about the degree of relationship between two variables?

They tell the strength of the relationship between two variables.

Which area of the brain is involved in understanding speech?

Wernicke's area

Who created the idea of functionalism?

William James

Who established the first psychological laboratory?

William Wundt

What does Pearson's r reveal?

a number between -1 and +1.

Nerves are neural cables containing many

axons

The ideas of Francis Bacon provided impetus for what came to be known as

empiricism

Psychiatrist

focuses on medicine and health

Psychologist

focuses on mental health

What does a negative correlation coefficient mean?

the value of one variable rises while the other tends to go down.

What does a positive one mean?

the values of variables rise and fall together.

Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce what?

uncontrollable epilepsy.