Sentences Week 2

First person

(singular) I, me, my, mine (plural) we, us, our, ours

Third person

(singular) he, she, it, him, her, his, hers, its (plural) they, them, their, theirs

Second person

(singular) you, your, yours (plural) you, your, yours

singular possessive pronouns

(used with a noun) mine, your, his, hers, its (stands alone) mine, yours, his, hers, its

plural possessive pronouns

(used with a noun) our, your, their (stands alone) ours, yours, theirs

Nouns ending in -s, -ch, -sh, or -x are made plural by adding...

-es [dress > dresses, inch > inches, ash < ashes, box > boxes]

Most nouns are made plural by adding...

-s [color > colors, fabric > fabrics]

Nouns ending in a vowel + y are made plural by adding...

-s. IF the y follows a consonant, the y changes to -i and -es is added [way > ways, thirty > thirties]

sentence

A group of words that expresses a complete thought

verb phrase [The photographer had waited patiently for the bear to wake up.]

A verb made up of two or more words. The verb phrase is had waited.

fragment

A word, phrase, or clause that does not form a full sentence

When a pronoun replaces two or more nouns joined by and, use a plural pronoun

Aliyah and Laura went for walks on their shift breaks.

[During the rain, the car's electric window.] Which is the best way to write the underlined portion of the sentence?

During the rain, the car's electric window became jammed.

When a word ends with -one, -body, -other, or -thing, use a singular pronoun.

Everyone should be careful with his or her health.

singular subject pronouns

I, you, he, she, it

Choose the pronoun that best completes the following sentence. [When Sergeant Lao tells you to do something, he expects _____ to do it.]

Keep the person consistent (you); do not change to third-person (him, them, her).

[Because the air pollution was so bad.] Which is the best way to write the underlined portion of the sentence?

Laws were passed because the air pollution was so bad.

proper nouns

Name specific People, animals, places, ideas or things. They always begin with a capital letter. Ex. John, New York, Mt. Rushmore

When a pronoun replaces two or more nouns joined by: or, nor, either, neither, nor, not only, but also use a pronoun that agrees with the last noun in the series.

Neither Consuela nor her sisters liked their sandwiches.

When using a collective or group noun, decide whether the noun is acting as a singular group or as plural individuals.

The jury returned its verdict. The jury took their seats.

Possession - (relative pronoun) whose

The owner whose building burned collected the insurance.

Choose the pronoun that best completes the following sentence. [Someone who forgets to pay _____ electric bill may end up without lights.]

The sentence requires a singular, third-person possessive pronoun (his or her), not a second-person possessive (your) or a third-person plural (their), Its does not refer to a person.

Choose the pronoun that best completes the following sentence. [_____ were the only guests that arrived on time.]

The sentence requires a subject pronoun (They), not an objective pronoun (them; us) or a possessive pronoun (her).

Choose the pronoun that best completes the following sentence. [Please send the tickets to Ms. Arocha or _______.]

The sentence requires an objective pronoun (me), not a subject pronoun (he; I) or a possessive pronoun (theirs).

Every predicate has a verb that tells what the subject is or does. [Mary Rios walked onto the stage.]

The verb is walked.

abstract nouns

These have no physical existence. They refer to ideas, emotions and concepts you cannot see, touch, hear, smell, or taste. Example: love, time, fear, freedom

concrete nouns

These refer to people or things that exist physically and that at least one of the senses can detect. You can touch, smell, see, or hear them. Examples: cat, desk, baby, bike

Subject - (relative pronoun) who, whoever, that, which

This is the building that had a fire.

Object - (relative pronoun) whom, whomever

This is the firefighter to whom I wanted to speak.

Choose the pronoun that best completes the following sentence. [______ told you that the meeting would begin at 8:00?]

Use a subject pronoun (Who); not an object pronoun (whom; whomever) nor a possessive pronoun (whose).

Choose the pronoun that best completes the following sentence. [The lamp ______ sits on the table is dusty.]

Use that for a restrictive clause that refers to an object; use which for a nonrestrictive clause; use who and whom when referring to people.

[Migrated hundreds of miles south from Canada.] Which is the best way to write the underlined portion of the sentence?

Wolves migrated hundreds of miles south from Canada.

plural (not possessive)

[The singers wear white shirts.]

Some nouns have irregular plural forms.

[analysis > analyses, appendix > appendices, child > children]

A few nouns do not change when they are made plural.

[clothing > clothing, fish > fish]

singular possessive

add an apostrophe and an s

exclamation [Fire!]

an expression of excitement or surprise and ends with an exclamation point

question [Will you go to the concert with me?]

asks for or about something and ends with a question mark

What is the correct way to make the boldfaced noun plural in the following sentence? [The teacher introduced the criterion by which he would grade the students' essays.]

criteria - is an irregular plural; it does not take the suffix -s or -es or remain unchanged.

statement [The young woman bought two tickets to Friday's rock concert.]

gives information or tells something and ends with a period

Masculine pronouns

he, him, his, himself

singular object pronouns

me, you, him, her, it

plural possessive

men's, children's. boys', dogs'

Which is the correct form of the underlined noun? [Lupita says she will attend her mothers college and then pursue a career in politics.]

mother's - is singular possessive, showing the mother's ownership (through attendance) of the college. It is not plural (mothers) nor is it a plural possessive (mothers').

plural noun

names more than one person, place, thing, or idea

singular noun

names one person, place, thing, or idea

Which noun in the following sentence is abstract? [The audience showed its patriotism by pledging to the flag before the assembly began.]

patriotism - cannot be experienced through the five human senses, while the other three answer choices can be seen or touched.

pronoun-antecedent agreement

pronouns and antecedents must agree in number and gender

[Who would like to attend the concert.] Which correction should be made to the sentence?

replace the period with a question mark

[Will you take this book back to the library for me.] Which correction should be made to the sentence?

replace the period with a question mark

[Watch out for that falling ladder?] Which correction should be made to the sentence?

replace the question mark with an exclamation point

Feminine pronouns

she, her, hers, herself

command [Shut the door.]

states an order or a request and ends with a period

Which is the correct form of the underlined noun? [The students excuse for turning in their group project late was not believable.]

students' is a plural possessive noun, showing the students' ownership of the excuse. It is not plural (students) nor is it singular possessive (student's).

Identify the subject and predicate - The young woman bought two tickets to Friday's rock concert.

subject[The young woman] predicate [bought two tickets to Friday's rock concert.]

predicate

tells what the subject is or does

Many, but not all nouns ending in -f or -fe are made plural by changing...

the f to a v and adding -es [knife > knives]

simple subject [An angry, thin man walked up the front steps.]

the main word or word group that tells whom or what the sentence is about. The simple subject is man.

compound subject [My brother and his wife rented a car for the day.]

two or more subjects joined together usually by "and" or "or" that share a common verb. The compound subject is my brother and his wife.

plural object pronouns

us, you, them

common nouns

used to name non-specific people, places, ideas or things. Examples: house, dog, broom, happy

plural subject pronouns

we, you, they

subject

whom or what the sentence is about