Short Essay Questions
Explain the 'passing out parade' and the criteria it used to decide on individual membership.
- It was a ceremony of the colonial notion of the 'gentlemen' was deployed as the standard by which to create a distinction between who was a desirable member and who was not - Individual: Gentlemen: the level of education, religion (no Muslims) must be Christian, English proficiency ( important), These criteria do not show anything about the ability that you can play or care about how you play, they are an aligned with colonialism, all of these qualities were founded in the natives - There were also the physical parts: the shape of the nose, "flat and sharp noses", the degree of pigmentations- being too dark and if you were too dark you were rejected. The pencil test, where a pencil was run through your hair for a prospective player, the test was if the pencil met with 'too much resistance' due to the texture of the person's fair and got 'stuck' the individual was regarded as being undesirable, there hair needed to be smooth
How does 'folk football' differ from what we now know as soccer?
- The teams could be any size - they were no official rules - no exact playing areas (fields) - no referee - often illegal - organized around religious days - an outlet for violent tensions - not centrally controlled- a free for all - no time limit- could last all day - Folk football was seen as a way of rebelling and was especially played by the lower class and nowadays it is seen as entertainment and excitement and skills and everybody can play
How does Catalonian nationalism differ from Castilian nationalism?
Catalonian: cosmopolitan, industrial, inviting, democratic, inclusionary Castilian: provincial, agricultural, insular, fascist, exclusionary
Explain why the USA Women's National Soccer team has had such immense success on the global stage when compared to the men's national team?
Title IX- created an endless supply of players, this system was unique to the US giving the women an advantage against other nations having the right team, at the right time, earning the right result- 99 womens team winning the whole thing
Which other spaces was 'soccer' played in prior to its formalization in Britain? Explain the purpose of the game in each context.
Tsu' Chu- fitness and teamwork Kemari- meditation, teamwork, training Aztecs- replacement for war Mayans- losers of some ritual games were sacrificed Greeks- exercise, teamwork, execution of tactics/strategies
What was the efficacy for colonial powers of introducing sport into the colonies?
participants were taught teamwork, obeying authority, respect for the rules, way of spreading values and norms, used as colonial technology
Explain why historically there exists such a strong link between nationalism and the sport of soccer?
soccer represents the nation's values reflects the very nature of the nation the nation can claim the success of the players/individual
Explain how soccer is a reflection of the values of the Industrial Revolution in Britain
time and wage labor- need to be productive playing eleven- fixed number of workers designation of roles- everyone is responsible for their own work the referee- making people used to respecting an authority figure normalized obedience, sacrificing