SIMTICS Urinary tract and adrenal glands

normal adrenal gland is

-3-5cm in length -difficult to visualize in adults -solid hypoechoic mass with hypoechoic fat surrounding

patients undergoing urinary tract sonography should:

-be well hydrated -have performed a modified fast -be taught proper breathing techniques

which statement is true regarding the scanning of the adrenal glands? -bowel often overlies the adrenals -an intercostal or subcostal transducer approach may be needed -repositioning from supine to posterior oblique or lateral decubitus may be required -patient should not be asked to hold his/her breath

-bowel often overlies the adrenals -an intercostal or subcostal transducer approach may be needed -repositioning from supine to posterior oblique or lateral decubitus may be required

which of the following may mimic renal calculi?

-calcified sloughed papilla -calcified transitional cell tumor -renal artery calcification -intrarenal gas

a renal ultrasound scan is performed on a 56 year old man, and shows small kidneys bilaterally (5cm). they are very echogenic. This could be due to:

-chronic glomerullnephritis -chronic pyelonephritis -renal vascular disease

a 32 year old female presents with menstrual irregularities, cystic acne, and increased hair production (hirsutism). All these symptoms are linked with hypersecretion of hormones from the adrenal gland which may be caused by:

-conn's syndrome -medulla tumor -cushing's syndrome

a 36 year old woman has been diagnosed with acute cystitis. Which of the following clinical symptoms are usually related to this diagnosis?

-dysuria -hematuria -urinary frequency and urgency

a 73 year old male presents for an ultrasound scan of the renal tract with right flank pain and hematuria. If a calculus is lodged in the distal ureter, ultrasound examination would likely show a/an:

-hydronephrotic kidney and distal ureter -echogenic focus lying at the distal end of a dilated ureter

renal failure can be caused by

-infection -occlusion of the renal arteries -obstruction of the lower urinary tract -renal mass

renal vein tumor extension is generally from

-renal carcinoma -renal lymphoma -nephroblastoma

of the following lab tests, renal function is NOT assessed by:

-serum amylase -hematocrit -serum bilirubin

the following statements are true in relation to scanning the renal arteries: -the renal vessels are located in the retroperitoneum -the celiac axis provides a landmark for finding the renal arteries -the renal arteries commence at the confluence with the IVC -color and spectral doppler may be used to interrogate the renal arteries

-the renal vessels are located in the retroperitoneum -color and spectral doppler may be used to interrogate the renal arteries

a 65 year old male presents for imaging of the urinary system with symptoms of renal artery stenosis. The likely sonographic finding of renal artery stenosis is

-thickening of the renal artery wall -renal atrophy -PSV greater than 180 cm/s

sonographic findings in acute renal failure include:

-thin renal cortex -renal atrophy -hyperechoic parenchyma

which of the following are malignant solid renal masses?

-transitional cell carcinoma -adenocarcinoma -hypernephroma

which of the following statements are correct about blood urea nitrogen? BUN -urea is formed in the liver and carried to the kidneys through the blood -BUN is more sensitive than serum creatinine in determining renal impairment -BUN is the end product of cellular metabolism -BUN is concentration of urea nitrogen in blood

-urea is formed in the liver and carried to the kidneys through the blood -BUN is the end product of cellular metabolism -BUN is concentration of urea nitrogen in blood

a 42 year old female presents for an ultrasound scan with left flank pain, hematuria, and fever. The request form queries a renal stone. Common locations for calculi to become lodged in the ureter are:

-where the ureter crosses the iliac vessels -just past the ureteropelvic junction -at the vesicoureteral junction

the vesicoureteral junction is the

junction between the distal ureter and the bladder

which type of transducer is best for imaging the urinary tract?

low to mid range frequency

the specific gravity in urinary disease refers to which of the following? -appearance of blood in urine -measurement of the kidneys ability to concentrate urine -measurement of renal dysfunction -concentration of urea nitrogen in blood

measurement of the kidneys ability to concentrate urine

pelvic kidney has

normal appearance in an abnormal location

Absence of ureteral jets is consistent with ___________

obstructive hydronehrosis

a 64 year old man presents with a clinical history including hypertension and hematuria. Ultrasound scans show aan anechoic mass located in the renal hilum. This is most likely a

parapelvic cyst

a 55 year old male has uncontrolled hypertension. His condition may be related to:

renal dysfunction

a 70 year old male has symptoms of painless hematuria, dysuria, and urinary frequency. An ultrasound scan shows a solid, immobile, echogenic mass with irregular margins on the posterior wall of the bladder. This is most likely to be:

transitional cell carcinoma

In women, which view is NOT required in the imaging of the urinary tract? -uterus -bladder pre and post void -adrenal glands -ureteric jets

uterus