sixth extinction new 1

How might genetically modified foods impact humans?

Non-food GMOs may accidentally be used for food, resulting in negative health impacts on humans.

The lateral movement of genes between species is called _____.

gene transfer

When an organism has its genome intentionally manipulated in a laboratory setting, it is referred to as a(n) _____.

genetically modified organism

Plants can be genetically modified to

grow more food with fewer resources.

Which of the following best describes the term "genetically modified" as it relates to biological organisms?

Contains genetic manipulations that originated in a lab

Which of the following describe successful uses of GMO animals?

Cows and goats have been genetically modified to produce products in their milk to construct drugs. Salmon are genetically modified to grow faster than wild salmon.

How are animals currently being genetically modified to improve human health and well-being?

Cows and goats produce pharmaceutical products in their milk.

Which of the following describe examples of genetically modified plants?

Crop plants that produce more food with fewer resources. Genetically modified potatoes that do not produce harmful chemicals when fried.

Which statements best summarize the research being done to develop the next generation of GMO animals?

Animals are being genetically modified to produce vaccinations. Animals are being genetically modified to contain healthier fat profiles. Animals are being genetically modified to act as models for human disease.

How are animals genetically modified to increase their nutritional value?

Animals are genetically modified to increase their growth rates, allowing for more nutritional yield to be produced in shorter amounts of time. Animals are genetically modified to reduce their likelihood of disease, improving the quality of their meat

Animals may be genetically modified for xenotransplantation. Which statement best describes how this is accomplished?

Animals are modified with human genes that allow them to produce human-like organs that may be harvested for human organ transplants.

Which of the following depict ways that animals can be genetically modified to treat human disease?

Animals can be modified with human genes for cystic fibrosis, allowing researchers to use those animals as a model for the disease. Animals can be modified with human genes for cancer, allowing researchers to use those animals as a model for the disease. Animals can be modified to produce proteins used to develop anti-cancer drugs.

Select all of the statements that are true and describe examples of genetically modified animals.

Animals may be genetically modified with human genes for the purpose of growing organs for human organ transplant. Animals may be genetically modified with human genes to study treatments for diseases, including cystic fibrosis and cancer. Animals may be genetically modified with genes to produce biotechnology products, including proteins or pharmaceutical compounds.

Which of the following are reasons why animals may be genetically modified?

Animals may be modified with genes for biotechnology products, allowing them to produce these products in their milk, meat, or eggs. Animals may be modified with genes that prevent disease, increase their growth, or improve the quality of their meat, allowing for increased nutritional content per organism. Animals may be modified with human genes, allowing them to act as models of human disease.

Which reasons describe why animals may be genetically modified?

Animals may be modified with genes to make them sterile and then introduced into the wild, interrupting wild populations and preventing the spread of insect-borne disease. Animals may be modified with human genes, allowing them to grow human-like organs to be used in organ transplants. Animals may be modified with genes for insulin, blood clotting factors, hormones, and interferons, allowing them to produce these biotechnology products in large quantities.

How are genetically modified bacteria used in the synthesis of organic chemicals?

Bacteria are genetically modified to break down chemicals for use in the manufacturing process, including the break down of mercury. Bacteria are genetically modified to synthesize chemicals used in the manufacturing process, including the production of biofuels.

Which of the following depict ways that genetically modified bacteria are used to fight human diseases?

Bacteria are genetically modified to break down phenylalanine, providing possible treatments for those with phenylketonuria. Bacteria are genetically modified to treat and prevent tooth decay. Bacteria are genetically modified to treat inflammatory diseases of the large intestine, including Crohn's disease.

Which of the following best describes an example of why bacteria may be genetically modified?

Bacteria can be modified to contain enzymes that break down toxic chemicals, allowing it to be used in bioremediation.

How can bacteria be modified to protect plants?

Bacteria can be modified to produce proteins that prevent cells from freezing. This bacteria can then be inserted into a plant, allowing the plant to produce proteins that prevent cells from freezing. Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria can be inserted into a plant. This allows the plant to produce bacterial toxins that are lethal to predatory insects, preventing the plant against insect infestation.

Which statement best describes how genetically modified bacteria are used to manufacture biotechnology products?

Genes for biotechnology products of interest are removed from their original source, inserted into a plasmid and transferred into bacteria. Bacteria express these gene products during protein synthesis.

Which of the following is a risk associated with gene transfer?

Genes for herbicide resistance may transfer from genetically modified plants to weed species, creating "super weeds" that are resistant to herbicides.

Which of the following statements best describes the biggest difference between organisms that are considered genetically modified organisms and those that are not?

Genetically modified organisms are unique in that they contain human-introduced genetic variations.

Which of the following describe examples of genetically modified plants?

Genetically modified potatoes that do not produce harmful chemicals when fried. Crop plants that produce more food with fewer resources.

Which of the following biotechnology products are possible to have resulted from genetically modified bacteria?

Hormones, including human growth hormone and insulin Interferons for cancer treatments Blood clotting factors

How might genetically modified organisms cause allergic reactions in humans?

Humans may have allergic reactions when non-food GMOs are accidentally used in food products. Humans may have allergic reactions when they consume food products that contain genes from other species that may cause allergies.

Which of the following genetically modified crop plants are currently available within the United States?

Insect resistant and herbicide tolerant cotton Insect resistant, herbicide tolerant, and drought tolerant corn Disease resistant squash

What benefit is provided by genetically modified AquaAdvantage Salmon?

It grows faster than wild salmon.

If genes for herbicide-resistance transfer from genetically modified crop plants to native weed species, which of the following outcomes is most likely?

It would drive the evolution of "super weeds" that are resistant to glyphosate herbicides.

Which of the following are examples of how animals may be genetically modified to improve human health and well-being?

Mice will be genetically modified to act as models of disease. Chickens will be genetically modified to produce vaccinations.

Which of the following summarize health risks associated with GMO use?

Non-food GMOs may accidentally be used to produce food, resulting in allergic reactions or other adverse health effects for humans. GMOs that contain genes from other organisms may cause allergic reactions in individuals that are allergic to the other organism.

Which of the following are correct examples of how bacteria, plants, and animals have been genetically modified.

Pigs are genetically modified to produce heart valves that are identical to human valves. Potatoes have been genetically modified to reduce browning and be resistant to fungus. Bacteria are modified with human insulin genes to produce bioidentical insulin.

Which statement best summarizes the direction being taken by researchers as they develop the next generation of GMOs?

Plants are being developed to resist the impacts of climate change.

Which statements best summarize the research being done to develop the next generation of GMO plants?

Plants are being modified to resist the impacts of climate change. Plants are being modified to lack harmful chemicals contained in wild plants.

Which of the following examples of genetically modified plants is matched correctly with its reason for development?

Plants can be genetically modified with genes to withstand herbicides, allowing herbicide to be used topically to kill weeds.

For which of the following reasons are plants genetically modified?

Plants may be modified to produce biotechnology products, including vaccines, antibodies, and enzymes. Plants may be modified to genes for increased nutritional value or decreased acrylamide content.

For which of the following reasons are plants genetically modified?

Plants may be modified with bacterial genes that allow them to produce toxins that prevent insect predation. Plants may be modified with bacterial genes that allow them to tolerate the presence of herbicides, allowing surrounding weeds to be treated with herbicides without damage to the plant. Plants may be modified to resist drought, heat, or high salt environments, allowing for better growth.

Which of the following summarizes the ecological effects of GMOs on non-target species?

The Bt endotoxin produced by insect-resistant GM crops may harm non-pest insects, including pollinators. The heavy use of glyphosate herbicides on herbicide-resistant GMO crops is driving the selection of herbicide-resistant genes in weeds, resulting in the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds.

How might plants genetically modified to produce Bt endotoxin impact insects?

The endotoxins produced may harm non-target species, killing beneficial insects, including pollinators.

Which of the following summarizes the ecological effects of GMOs on non-target species?

The heavy use of glyphosate herbicides on herbicide-resistant GMO crops is driving the selection of herbicide-resistant genes in weeds, resulting in the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. The Bt endotoxin produced by insect-resistant GM crops may harm non-pest insects, including pollinators.

Which of the following is a risk of using genetically modified plants?

There is a risk of gene transfer between plants. There is a risk of harming non-target species, especially with GM herbicide resistant and Bt crops. There is a risk of adverse human reactions, including allergic reactions.

Which of the following is a reason why bacteria are genetically modified?

They are genetically modified to produce hormones, vaccines, and blood clotting factors.

Select all of the folllowing reasons why bacteria make ideal organisms for genetic modification.

They can be grown in large quantities in a small amount of space. They divide rapidly, allowing their products to be produced quickly. They have a small genome and contain plasmids.

Which of the following is a feature of bacteria that make it ideal for genetic modification?

They contain extragenomic plasmids that can carry genes between organisms.

How do government agencies mitigate the risks of GMOs to humans?

They ensure manufacturers of GMO crops undertake testing that ensures the safety of the GMO product.

Which statement best describes how allergic reactions may occur from the consumption of genetically modified species?

Transgenic organisms contain genes and therefore protein products from other species. If individuals are allergic to the other species, exposure to the transgenic organism may cause an allergic reaction.

What benefits do GalSafe pigs present over non-GMO pigs?

can safely be used for human consumption production of medical products human organ production without allergic reactions

Transgenic organisms can best be characterized as genetically modified organisms that

have DNA from other organisms.

Intragenic organisms can best be characterized as genetically modified organisms that

have their DNA removed and rearranged such that protein synthesis is initiated by other genes.

Cisgenic organisms can best be characterized as genetically modified organisms that

have their DNA removed, modified, and reinserted, and that initiate their own protein synthesis.

Crop plants can be modified to resist patterns associated with climate change, including

increased heat and drought.

Animals, including goats, mice, and chickens, may be genetically modified to produce:

proteins and medicines in their meat, milk, or eggs.

GMOs that contain DNA from other species are called _____ organisms.

transgenic

How can bacteria be genetically modified to be used to help the environment?

vBacteria can be modified with genes for enzymes that break down toxic chemicals, including mercury and oil, allowing bacteria to be used to remediate contaminated sites.

Scientists are concerned with the idea that herbicide-resistant genes may transfer from GMO species to _____.

weed species, creating "super weeds" that are resistant to herbicides.

Animals may be genetically modified with human genes to produce organs useful in human organ transplants, a process called

xenotransplantation