Skill classification

2 reasons to do a dynamic warm-up

1. In a school program, students become aware of how to prepare their bodies for the workout. 2. By incorporating dynamic warm-ups, it makes the most of limited time.

What are the 4 single-dimensional MS classification systems?

1. Movement precision: size of primary musculature required. 2. Environmental predictability 3. Time constraint 4. Nature of the skill

What are 3 specific features of environmental predictability?

1. Supporting surface 2. Objects 3. Other people. Consider all-stationary or in motion

Nature of the skill: Discrete MS

A distinct beginning and end to the movement. Involves a single execution to complete the task

Locomotor skills: gross

Cannot be developed separately from stability. The body must be stabilized before a proficient locomotor pattern can be preformed.

intertrial variability: open MS

Change between trials/practice attempts. EX pitch in a baseball

Closed motor skill

Environment is controlled, stable, and predictable. Performer determines when to start the skill and can evaluate the environment in advance.

Open motor skill

Environment is ever changing, uncontrolled, unpredictable, non-stable. The object or environment determines when to start the skill. EX: surfing

Continuous MS

Have no distinct beginning or end. Requires repetition of movement patterns. EX: swimming

Perceptual skills

Interpreting and integrating sensory information to determine best movement outcome

Movement precision: fine motor skill

Involves manipulation of tools & objects. Coordination of small muscles. Requires accuracy, control.

Skills

Learned ability, predetermined results, maximum certainty and minimum energy

Fine motor skills

Precise movements are critical to preform with increased accuracy and control using smaller muscle groups.

Serial Motor Skill

Requires various steps or a series of movements to complete the task. Discrete skills can be put together in a series.

Static stretching vs dynamic warm-up

S.S, not good for the body and has proven to reduce performance (in a long jump). Dynamic= warms up core body temp, increase ROM for muscle.

Time constraint: self-paced task

Self-paced tasks: initiated by the performer.

Environmental Predictability

The physical location/setting in which a skill is performed.

Intertrial variability: closed MS

Trials/practice attempts are the same. EX hitting a baseball off the T

Manipulative skills: fine

Use smaller muscle groups. Some physical activates are specifically geared toward manipulation of objects like archery.

Time constraint: Externally paced

responding to an object, individual or surface

Motor skills

the physical elements that enable the movement. The activity could not be completed without the learned ability to coordinate the limbs to produce the action.

Movement precision: gross motor skills

total body or multi-limb movements. Focus more on power, explosion and fundamental MS. Large muscles or muscle groups tend to be gross motor skills