Skull- procedures

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What are the parts of the parietal bone?

2 squama and one eminence

cranial fossae

A cranial fossa is formed by the floor of the cranial cavity. A cranial fossa is formed by the floor of the cranial cavity.There are three distinct cranial fossae: anterior, middle, and posterior

Landmark: mentum/mental point/chin

Chin

Landmark: EAM (external acoustic meatus)

Opening of the external ear canal

lambdoid suture

between parietal bones and occipital bone

What sections of the frontal bone are there?

frontal: squama; glabella; supraorbital margin, groove, & foramina; superciliary arches, orbital plate, frontal sinus

supraorbital margin of frontal bone

A thickening over the eye.

Landmark: Lambda

Posterior end

What bones form the sphenoid

body; sinus; greater & lesser wings; sella turcica, tuberculum & dorsum sella, anterior & posterior clinoids; pterygoid processes; optic foramen, superior & inferior orbital fissures; foramen ovale, spinosum, rotundum.

What bones form occipital bone?

occipital: squama; inion; internal occipital protuberance; foramen magnum; basilar portion, clivus; condyles; jugular foramen.

Ethmoid Bone - Horizontal Portion

Also called cribiform plate

Landmark: Bregma

Anterior end of saggital suture

squamous suture

Between parietal and temporal bones

frontal sinus of the frontal bone

Cavity within the bone that is lined with muscosa and open to the exterior. It lightens the skull and alters vocal quality

mesocephalic skull

Considered the "typical skull". Petrous ridge forms 47 degree angle with MSP. The mesocephalic skull is 75-80% of its length

Frontal bone

Contributes to the formation of the forehead and the superior part of each orbit. Two parts; squamous or vertical portion and the orbital or horizontal portion. Forms the superior part of the orbit. Articulates with 4 bones; right and left parietals, sphenoid, and ethmoid.

sphenoid bone

Froms the anchor for the other seven cranial bones. Articulates with all seven cranial bones because it is in the center

identify the four bones composing the calvarium or "skull cap"

Frontal, Right parietal, Left Parietal, Occipital

R/L temporal bones

House delicate organs of hearing and balance. Situating between the greater wing of the sphenoid bone anteriorly and the occipital bone. Articulates with three cranial bones; parietal. occipital, and sphenoid. Also articulates with 2 facial bones.

Occipital bone

Inferoposterior portion of the calvarium is formed by the single occipital bone. Presents squamous portion. Articulates with six bones; two temporals, sphenoid, and atlas.

R/L parietal bones

Lateral walls of cranium and part of the roof are formed by the two parietal bones. Are roughly squared and have a concave internal surface. Articlates with each 5 bones; frontal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and opposite parietal

Ethmoid bone

Lies between nasal and sphenoid bones Forms most of the medial bony region between the nasal cavity and orbits. Articulates with 2 bones; frontal and sphenoid. Also articulates with 11 facial bones

meningeal grooves

One of several depressions on the internal surface of the cranial bones where blood vessels follow the meningeal and osseous structures of the skull.

List the eight cranial bones

R/L parietal bones, Frontal bone, Occipital bone, R/L temporal bones, sphenoid, ethmoid

Right Mastoid Fontanel

Right asterion

Right sphenoid fontanel

Right pterion

the four making up the "floor" of the cranium.

Right temporal, left temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid

Landmark: TEA (top of ear attachment)

Superior portion of the auricle where the ear attaches to the head. The TEA is an important landmark, as it is at the same level as the petrous ridges are internally

Identify the external landmarks which correspond to the level of the floor of the anterior cranium

Supraorbital groove (SOG)- just above the eyebrows, a ridge/arch. If you move your finger from your eyebrow to your forehead, you will feel a depression or groove. This is the SOG.

Localizing lines: GML (glabellomeatal line)

This is a line between the glabella and the EAM

Localizing lines: GAL (glabelloalveolar line)

This is a line between the glabella and the alveolar processes of the maxilla/mandible. Alveolar processes are the spots where the teeth go into the maxilla or mandible.

Localizing line: IOML (Reid's baseline) (Infraorbitomeatal line)

This is a line between the inferior orbital margin and the EAM

Localizing lines: MML (Mentomeatal line)

This is a line between the mentum of the mandible and the EAM.

Localizing lines: OML (orbitomeatal line)

This is a line between the outer canthus and the EAM

Localizing lines: AML (acanthiomeatal line)

This is the line between the acanthion and the EAM.

orbital plate of the frontal bone

This section of the Frontal bone forms the upper portion of the eye socket.

Identify the external landmarks at the level of the petrous ridge

Top of ear attachment (TEA)- Superior portion of the auricle where the ear attaches to the head. The TEA is an important landmark, as it is at the same level as the petrous ridges are internally.

Localizing lines: IPL (interpupillary, interorbital line)

an imaginary line drawn between the pupils. This line is frequently used for lateral positions of the skull and facial bones.

Temporal bone (petrous portion)

anterior and inferior walls of external auditory meatus

superciliary arches of the frontal bone

arches lie deep to the eyebrows

Temporal bone (zygomatic process)

articulates with zygomatic bone to form zygomatic arch

ethmoid bone: crista galli

attachment for falx cerebri

temporal bone: styloid process

attachment for muscles of the tongue, throat, and hyoid bone

posterior fontanel

back soft spot on fetal skull between parietal and occipital bone

anterior fontanel

closes at 12-18 months

Landmark: inner/outer canthus

either corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet

What sections of bone are apart of the ethmoid bone?

ethmoid: horizontal portion; crista galli, perpendicular plate; lateral masses (labyrinth); superior & middle nasal conchae (turbinates); ethmoid sinuses;

Cranial sutures are classified as being _____ joints.

fibrous, synarthrodial

Sphenoid bone: lesser wings

form part of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and part of the orbit

Ethmoid Bone (perpendicular plate)

forms superior part of nasal septum

Squamous frontal bone

forms the forehead

Landmark: Vertex

highest point of the head

sphenoid bone: sella turcica

holds pituitary gland

sphenoid bone: foramen ovale

hole on the side of saddle section (large middle hole to saddle)

temporal bone: carotid canal

internal carotid artery

Landmark: Nasion

junction of the two nasal bones and the frontal bone

left mastoid fontanel

left asterion

Left sphenoid fontanel

left pterion

Landmark: Acanthion

midline point of juncton of the upper lip and nasal septum. Where nose and upper lip meet

Sphenoid bone: greater wings

project laterally from the sphenoid body, forming parts of the middle cranial fossa and the orbits

Landmark: Gonion/angle

refers to the lower posterior angle on each side of the jaw or mandible

saggital suture

separates the left and right parietal bone

brachycephalic skull

short and wide. Its width is 80% or more of its length. In this type of skull, the petrous ridges form an angle of more than 47 degrees from MSP (usually 54 degrees)

(sphenoid bone) optic foramen

small hole into eye at saddle

Landmark: Tragus

small, liplike structure located anterior to the EAM

Landmark: glabella

smooth, slightly raised trian

What parts of the temporal bone are there?

temporal: (2) squama; mastoid portion, process, air cells; tympanic portion; petous portion; zygomatic process; mandibular fossa; EAM; IAM; styloid, carotid canal & foramen.

Temporal Bone: Mandibular Fossa

the depression in the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible

coronal suture

the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull

Landmark: alveolar process

thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on the jaw bones that hold teeth

glabella of frontal bone

unibrow

Landmark: auricle/pinna

visible portion of the external ear


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