Sleep Sherpath
Which coping mechanisms should the nurse encourage for a stressed patient with sleep deprivation?
enlisting the help of friends, dealing with problems at a certain time each day, using relaxation techniques
What factors cause sleep disturbances in older adults?
frequent awakenings
Which events affect the quality of sleep?
frequent waking, pain, shortened REM stage, obstructive sleep apnea
What interventions related to sleep should the nurse suggest to the parent of a pediatric patient?
give a warm bath, read a bedtime story, provide a favorite toy, play soft, soothing music
What night-time snack is appropriate for a patient with a history of insomnia?
graham crackers
A patient with a liver disorder has been unable to function at work for the past few months due to excessive daytime sleepiness. The patient sleeps nine hours each night, but still has trouble getting up for work. What condition does the nurse suspect for this patient?
hypersomnia
A patient with a fluctuating heart rate is in which stage of sleep?
REM
Which disorder is the most common type of dyssomnia?
insomnia
Which disorders are possible causes of hypersomnia?
kidney disorders, diabetic acidosis, central nervous system damage
Which long-term medication(s) should be prescribed for a patient who has a history of insomnia?
lunesta
Which supplements should the nurse include in a teaching session for a patient who is experiencing chronic insomnia?
melatonin, valerian
A patient with no known medical conditions is complaining that she is tired all the time and unable to stay awake. She is falling asleep while at work, has vivid hallucinations upon awakening, and brief episodes of paralysis at the beginning of sleep. The nurse suspects that this patient is suffering from which condition?
narcolepsy
Which symptoms of low estrogen levels interfere with a woman's sleep?
night sweats, daytime fatigue
The nurse is teaching a patient about the effects of alcohol on sleep. Which statement by the patient shows a need for further teaching?
"Three glasses of wine a day will help a person sleep."
A nurse caring for a hospitalized patient with insomnia should implement which recommendation to help the patient sleep?
Keep the patient's door closed
Which bedtime snack should the nurse offer to promote sleep?
Piece of oat bran toast
During which sleep stage can sleepwalking occur?
NREM 4
A nurse is teaching a patient about the effects of medication on sleep. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
"Barbiturates increase REM sleep."
Which patient statement regarding foods that promote sleep indicates the need for further education from the nurse?
"I should drink several glasses of red wine in the evening to enhance the sleep I get overnight."
A nurse is caring for a patient who is having difficulty sleeping. The patient states that he is going through a lot of stress since he changed jobs, and is considering moving out of the city to the country. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate?
"Moving to a new location, even a quieter one, may worsen your insomnia."
The nurse is teaching a patient about the physiologic functions involved in sleep. Which statement by the patient shows a need for further teaching?
"NREM sleep is associated with memory storage, learning, and increased blood flow to the brain."
Which statement regarding common side effects should the nurse include in a teaching session for a patient who is prescribed trazadone for insomnia?
"Nervousness often occurs; however, this should improve within several weeks."
The nurse is discussing night terrors with a patient. Which statement made by the patient shows proper understanding?
"fever tends to trigger night terrors"
A female patient with tremors and circadian rhythm disorder complains that she is having difficulty sleeping and is often awakened. She frequently works nights during shift rotation. Which question by the nurse is appropriate?
-"Have you considered switching to days permanently?" -"Are you taking any medications that may be causing you to have trouble sleeping?" -"How do you feel about a care plan to reduce awakenings?" -"Have you been tested for Parkinson's disease?"
A nurse is teaching a parent with a child diagnosed with nocturnal enuresis about the disorder. Which statement(s) by the parent shows a need for further teaching?
-"If my daughter does not watch scary movies at night she will not wet the bed." -"My daughter is between ages 3-7, the ages when bedwetting is common." -"My daughter cannot control her bladder; there must be something wrong with her." -"My daughter does not need behavioral therapy for her bedwetting problem."
The nurse is teaching a patient about melatonin. Which statement made by the patient indicates the teaching has been effective?
-"Melatonin regulates the circadian phase of sleep." -"Melatonin is a hormone that is made in the pineal gland."
A parent of a 3-year-old is concerned about her child's sleeping habits. The child often shows resistance to going to bed, is sleeping six hours a night in a crib, and takes an hour long nap each day. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate?
-"Showing resistance to bedtime is normal for this age group." -"Napping is good for a 3-year-old child as it will restore energy." -"Sleep needs fluctuate with growth spurts."
The nurse is teaching a patient about secondary sleep disorders. Which statement by the patient shows effective teaching?
-"Sinus drainage may cause difficulty breathing." -"Shortness of breath impairs the ability to sleep." -"End-stage renal disease leads to daytime sleepiness."
what is true about newborns and infants regarding sleep
-An infant's sleep patterns consist of sleeping, awakening to eat, and sleeping again. -Infants sleep 10-12 hours a night with naps during the day. -Older infants may safely roll to their stomachs during sleep.
How are toddler and infant sleeping patterns similar?
-Both toddlers and infants sleep 10-12 hours a day. -Both toddlers and infants take naps during the day.
Which interventions should the nurse take to promote sleep for a hospitalized patient?
-Lower volume of telephone ringtones -Limit overhead pages to emergencies only at night -Monitor equipment frequently -Provide privacy by drawing curtains between patients
Which patient(s) would be most likely suffer from sleep disturbances?
-Young adult female with marital problems -older adult male who recently lost his wife in death -child who is spending the summer away from home at camp -adult female caring for a family member with a chronic illness
What may occur as a result of inadequate REM sleep?
-learning problems -decreased memory -
Sleep apnea is characterized by a lack of airflow through the mouth and nose for at least __ seconds during sleep.
10
Which individual may be at risk for a sleeping disorder?
10-year-old who sleeps 6 hours each night with regular daytime naps
Which bpm reading is normal for a sleeping newborn with a steady heart rate of 150 bpm while awake?
140 bpm, 135 bpm
Circadian rhythms repeat every ___ hours.
24
Which medications may be effective in managing sleep disorders?
Antianxiety, antihistamine, antidepressants
A patient who recently moved to a new location is unable to sleep and asks the nurse about over-the-counter (OTC) medications for sleep. Which drug classification should the nurse suggest to this patient to promote sleep?
Antihistamines
Which individual requires the least amount of sleep?
70 year old
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized patient with insomnia. The patient fell asleep at 5:00 and has been asleep for 30 minutes. What time would be the most appropriate for the nurse to return to provide care for this patient, while allowing him the minimum time to complete all of his sleep cycles?
7:10
Polysomnography recordings of sleep show recurring patterns of sleep lasting approximately __ minutes.
90
Up to __% of patients with depression report disturbed sleep.
90
Which common sleep medication categories should the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient who is being treated for insomnia?
Antihistamines Antidepressants Benzodiazepines
Which patient is most likely in the REM sleep stage?
Adolescent who awakens from a night terror
A patient reports of a restless night of sleep due to being awoken by the need to void. Which intervention should the nurse implement prior to sleep to decrease the likelihood of this occurring in the future?
Assisting the patient to the toilet prior to bed
Which sleep pattern would be common for an older adult woman?
Awaken at 6:00 am and go to bed at 11:00 pm
How are sleep deprivation and narcolepsy similar?
Both disorders can cause hallucinations.
How are young adults and older adults sleeping patterns similar?
Both young adults and older adults may awaken more at night.
Which nonpharmacologic interventions done before sleep promote uninterrupted nighttime sleep?
Changing bed linens Providing skin care Providing oral care Doing partial bath
Given the normal human circadian rhythm for body temperature, which pattern of body temperature might be noticed in patients between 2:00 and 4:00 am?
Decrease of 0.5 to 1 degree
The nurse is providing care to a patient diagnosed with restless leg syndrome (RLS). Which nonpharmacologic nursing intervention is most appropriate to promote rest for this patient?
Encouraging deep knee bends
Which non-pharmacologic intervention should the nurse initiate for a patient who is having difficulty falling asleep due to mild back pain?
Giving the patient a massage
Which statement characterizes nocturnal enuresis?
It is a socially disruptive condition common in childhood.
A nurse is teaching a patient information related to the safe administration of common sleep medications. Which statement by the patient indicates need for further teaching from the nurse?
Maybe I should take a greater dose of antidepressants since it is my first time taking them for my sleeping problems."
Which reading increases prior to night-time sleep?
Melatonin hormone levels
A patient displaying small muscle jerks is in which stage of sleep?
NREM 2
Which patient has the greatest risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
Obese, adult male smoker with a large neck circumference
Which neurotransmitter(s) primarily influence(s) REM sleep?
acetylcholine, norepinephrine
Which disturbance is associated with clenching or grinding of the teeth during sleep?
bruxism
Which are examples of nervous system stimulants that disrupt the sleep cycle?
coffee, cola, chocolate
Which condition affects REM sleep?
coronary artery disease pain
What factors can affect the sleep/wake cycle
daily routine, social commitments, alarm clocks, light-dark cycles
Which characteristics will a sleep-deprived person experience?
decreased concentration, difficulty making decisions, emotionally irritable
A patient recovering from a serious illness, with a history of anxiety, complains having difficulty in sleeping. What additional mental health disorder should the nurse suspect in this patient?
depression
Which dyssomnia is characterized by a prolonged lack of sleep of good quality and inadequate quantity?
sleep deprivation
which does circadian rhythm affect
sleep, endocrine functions, blood pressure, body temperature
What may occur during NREM 2 sleep?
snoring
Which parasomnia may be associated with self-injury and sleep-related violence?
somnambulism
What should the nurse suggest as a significant part of a normal bedtime routine?
take hot bath, drink warm milk, aromatherapy, music therapy
Which information should the nurse instruct a patient to include in a sleep diary?
time of retiring, time required to fall asleep, foods consumed within two hours of bedtime, use of an alarm clock
Which type of exercise should the nurse suggest to the patient just before bed to promote sleep?
yoga
