Smartbook Chapter 7: Trust, Justice, and Ethics

For which of the following reasons can whistle-blowing be considered an especially ethical action for a person to take? The action leaves the person vulnerable to potential retaliation. The action indicates that the person has high status and power. The action exposes an illegal or immoral activity in an organization. The action is usually richly rewarded.

The action leaves the person vulnerable to potential retaliation. The action exposes an illegal or immoral activity in an organization.

Which of the following are considered elements of ability? competencies ethics skills expertise

competencies skills expertise

The extent to which consequences of the act are focused magnitude of consequences probability of effect temporal immediacy concentration of effect

concentration of effect

The degree to which an issue has ethical urgency is defined as moral intensity. moral attentiveness. social consensus. moral judgment.

moral intensity

According to researchers, people pay attention to stimuli that are which of the following? recognizable unfamiliar vivid significant

recognizable vivid significant

____ exchange relationships involve a connection with another person and fosters trust and expectations that the other person will honor his or her obligations.

social

Justice is defined as the degree to which the authority's behaviors are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms. the willingness to be vulnerable to another based on positive expectations about that party's actions and intentions. the degree to which an authority's decision making is considered fair. the expectation that promises will be fulfilled.

the degree to which an authority's decision making is considered fair.

True or false: Justice provides the behavioral evidence that employees need to determine trustworthiness.

true

True or false: Moral identity is the extent to which an individual considers oneself to be a moral person.

true

When consumers are willing to be vulnerable to a company's whims based on positive expectations about that company's actions and intentions, consumers are exhibiting willfulness. benevolence. trust. integrity.

trust

A person's belief that others can be relied upon is referred to as that person's moral awareness. integrity. ethical sensitivity. trust propensity.

trust propensity

Which factor is predicted by an employee's level of trust in authorities? Social responsibility Moral awareness Ability to focus Morality

ability to focus

According to Kohlberg, moral development begins with conventional thinking. at birth. at the preconventional stage. with establishing moral principles.

at the preconventional stage

Unlike other forms of trust, affect-based trust is primarily logical. emotional. rational. based on information.

emotional

Which of the following is not a part of the four-component model of ethical decision-making? moral intent ethical behavior moral judgment ethical accommodation

ethical accommodation

Authorities are able to improve procedural justice when they abide by rules of rank and precedent. passion and personality. accuracy. fair process.

fair process

When people believe that they are treated with dignity and respect by parties involved in a decision-making process, they perceive ______ justice. distributive equitable interpersonal informational

interpersonal

The anticipated level of impact of the outcome magnitude of consequences probability of effect temporal immediacy concentration of effect

magnitude of consequences

The degree to which people pay attention to moral issues is referred to as their moral attentiveness. social responsibility. moral judgment. trust propensity.

moral attentiveness

In order to determine whether distributive justice exists, employees consider which of the following? pay promotions procedures assignments

pay promotions assignments

Ethics that is discussed in terms of how people ought to act is referred to ______ ethics. prescriptive descriptive relational egalitarian

prescriptive

The perceived fairness of the processes used in reaching decisions is known as ____ justice.

procedural

Which action by a supervisor constitutes abusive supervision? withholding bonuses when the company does not perform well financially being physically inappropriate with employees publicly blaming one employee for a team's failure to meet its goals promoting employees based on seniority rather than job performance

publicly blaming one employee for a team's failure to meet its goals

A company's acknowledgment that it is accountable for its actions is referred to as corporate social exchange. trust propensity. economic exchange. social responsibility.

social responsibility

The interval between when the act occurs and its consequences magnitude of consequences probability of effect temporal immediacy concentration of effect

temporal immediacy

"A man of his word" would best describe a person with integrity. reputation. ability. benevolence.

integrity

Which of the following are dimensions by which we gauge an authority's track record? integrity ability benevolence status

integrity ability benevolence

An authority's commitment to the moral course of an action can be described as the authority's moral ____.

intent

When authorities recognize that a moral issue exists, they demonstrate ethical behavior. moral intensity. moral intent. moral awareness.

moral awareness

The likelihood that the act will occur or cause harm magnitude of consequences probability of effect temporal immediacy concentration of effect

probability of effect

The first step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is moral _____.

awareness

A person who shows a desire to do what is in your best interest rather than his or her own interest demonstrates benevolence. morality. reliability. integrity.

benevolence

When people make a rational assessment based on perceptions of another party's reliability, they engage in cognition-based trust. disposition-based trust. ethical trust. affect-based trust.

cognition-based trust

In the process of hiring a specialist, ability should be considered only if the specialist is a doctor. considered early on. overlooked until the specialist's integrity has been determined. only at the end of the process.

considered early on

Having procedures that employees can use to appeal their performance evaluation ratings helps ensure correctability. consistency. representativeness. reliability.

correctability

Which of the following are among the rules of procedural justice? correctability voice bias suppression desirability consistency

correctability voice bias suppression consistency

Which of the following are common outcomes of abusive supervision? counterproductive behavior increased absenteeism reduced health care costs decreased satisfaction

counterproductive behavior increased absenteeism decreased satisfaction

The scientific study of how people tend to act when presented with a moral problem or dilemma is known as ______ ethics. evocative expressive descriptive prescriptive

descriptive

"A fair day's pay, for a fair day's work" is an equitable viewpoint that most accurately describes informational justice. interpersonal justice. distributive justice. procedural justice.

distributive justice

Which of the following are among the factors by which employees judge whether an authority's decision making is fair? informal justice distributive justice procedural justice interpersonal justice

distributive justice procedural justice interpersonal justice

When employees interact with authorities via an explicitly defined transfer of services for wages, they participate specifically in an economic exchange. social exchange. affect-based relationship. emotional exchange.

economic exchange

The moral principle that holds that the individual's self-interests should be the motivation and the goal of his or her actions is referred to as utilitarianism. egoism. ethics of duties ethics of rights

egoism

When employees have higher levels of trust in authorities, they have higher levels of task performance. increased motivation to call in sick. higher levels of counterproductive behavior. lower levels of task performance.

higher levels of task performance

Ethics can defined as the skills, competencies, and expertise that enable an authority to be successful in some specific area. the perceived fairness of an authority's decision making. the willingness to be vulnerable to another party based on positive expectations about his or her actions and intentions. how well one's actions fit in with generally accepted moral standards.

how well one's actions fit in with generally accepted moral standards

Providing an honest explanation to employees for a company decision that affects their employment is part of the dimension of justice called ______ justice. interpersonal procedural distributive informational

informational

The perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from authorities is called ______ justice. informational distributive interpersonal procedural

informational

According to Kohlberg's theory of cognitive moral development, moral development at the conventional stage involves an emphasis on laws, rules, and orders that govern society. is defined by the desire to obtain pleasure and avoid pain. can be summed up by the expression "you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours." means viewing right and wrong based on the consequences of actions by individuals.

involves an emphasis on laws, rules, and orders that govern society.

List the elements of the four-component model of ethical decision making in order, with the first step at the top. ethical behavior moral awareness moral intent moral judgment

moral awareness moral judgment moral intent ethical behavior

When authorities determine whether their course of action is ethical or unethical, they exercise moral judgment. ethical behavior. moral engagement. moral awareness.

moral judgment

The characteristics or attributes of a person that inspire our trust are known as that person's competence. trustworthiness. benevolence. morality.

trustworthiness

Which of the following moral principles judge the morality of an action solely on its intrinsic desirability? utilitarianism virtue ethics egoism ethics of rights

virtue ethics ethics of rights

Which of the following statements are true of authorities who are considered benevolent? They see their employees as keys to profit making. They are loyal to their employees. They care for employees. They are concerned about employees' well-being.

They are loyal to their employees. They care for employees. They are concerned about employees' well-being.

The process through which former or current employees expose illegal or immoral actions by their organization is called distributive justice. whistle-blowing. corporate social responsibility. prescriptive ethics.

whistle-blowing

The three factors that influence trust levels are disposition-based trust, cognition-based trust, and ____ -based trust.

affect

For which of the following reasons can whistle-blowing be considered an especially ethical action for a person to take? The action leaves the person vulnerable to potential retaliation. The action exposes an illegal or immoral activity in an organization. The action is usually richly rewarded. The action indicates that the person has high status and power.

The action leaves the person vulnerable to potential retaliation. The action exposes an illegal or immoral activity in an organization.

The beliefs or opinions that are generally held about an organization or its brand is referred to as its reputation. benevolence. ethics. standing.

reputation

Trust is among the most significant factors in determining a company's size. inequity. overhead. reputation.

reputation

Interpersonal justice is fostered when those in authority adhere to the rules of consistency and accuracy. disrespect and inequity. abuse and inequity. respect and propriety.

respect and propriety

Corporate ____ responsibility is a an approach to business that recognizes that companies have responsibilities that extend to being a good corporate citizen in the community.

social

An authority makes a moral judgment only after determining a moral situation exists. conducting polling. determining whether distribute justice exists. providing an ethical explanation to employees.

determining a moral situation exists

With the increasing popularity of the internet, maintaining a company's reputation has become easier to do. easier on Facebook than Twitter. increasingly difficult. less subject to single bad experiences.

increasingly difficult

A person who "tells it how it is" demonstrates the dimension of trustworthiness known as integrity. ability. benevolence. reputation.

integrity

Solange grew up in a large city and developed a fear of strangers. She sometimes worries about her boyfriend, Paul, who always seems ready to help out people he doesn't know who ask for help. It would appear that Solange has lower ______ than Paul. ethical commitment trust propensity trustworthiness integrity

trust propensity

When a new relationship is forming, the presence or absence of trust often depends solely on your own trust propensity. moral awareness. benevolence. integrity.

trust propensity