SMARTBOOK- Life and Classification

What is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

A molecule that encodes genetic instructions

Select two who independently developed the idea of evolution by natural selection.

Alfred Russell Wallace, Charles Darwin

In reproduction, what is transmitted to the offspring that will determine what the offspring are like?

DNA

What stage would come the earliest in the life of an organism after formation of a fertilized egg?

Development

What biological level includes the living and no living components of a particular area?

Ecosystem

Conscious thought is a(n) ________ that arises from the interactions among brain cells and neutral structures in a human.

Emergent property

What domain is characterized by having unicellular and multicellular organisms whose cells contain a nucleus?

Eukarya

Select all of the following that are Domain names in the taxonomic hierarchy of life.

Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea

What theory did Charles Darwin introduce in the 1860s?

Evolution by natural selection

True or false: Any structure that contains DNA and proteins is alive.

False

Select all of the following taxonomic categories to which humans (homo sapiens) belong.

Kingdom: Animalia Domain: Eukarya

The domain Eukarya is divided into four__________, which are Protista, Fungi, Animalia, and Plantae.

Kingdoms

Atoms can bond together to form

Molecules

Consider a species of frog that lives in many ponds throughout central California. A group of frogs in one of the ponds, NOT including the other species of organisms living there, is an example of a(n)

Population

The production of new organisms that are similar to existing organisms is a property of life called___________.

Reproduction

When examining evolutionary relationships, taxonomists strive to classify organisms according to

Shared common ancestors

True or false: The ultimate energy source in most ecosystems in the sun.

True

Inherited traits, characteristics, or behaviors that enable an organism to survive and reproduce successfully in its environment are called

adaptations

Organisms seem so well-suited to their environments because they have inherited characteristics or behaviors, called ______, that enable them to successfully survive and reproduce.

adaptations

What describes a community?

all the populations of different species that live in an area

Particles that make up molecules are called

atoms

What are the small chemical units that can combine to form molecules?

atoms

The ________ includes all the ecosystems of Earth and its atmosphere where life can survive.

biosphere

What term refers to *all* parts of the planet that can support life?

biosphere

Shivering and sending blood away from the surface are examples of the human body maintaining a relatively constant __ as part of homeostasis

body temperature

Evolution is

change in the genetic makeup of a population over time

What is one way that organisms in the domain Bacteria differ from organisms in the domain Archaea?

differences in DNA sequences

An area of forest, including the organisms that occupy it and the nonliving components of its area, is an example of a(n)

ecosystem

Using a process called ______, living organisms maintain a state of internal constancy or equilibrium, such as a constant range of temperatures, nutrients, or water.

homeostasis

What describes the state of internal constancy maintained by an organism?

homeostasis

_________ is characterized by cellular organization, energy requirements, homeostasis, reproduction, growth, development, and evolution.

life

What process favors survival of specific individuals within a population based on adaptive traits that are inherited?

natural selection

A leaf is composed of several tissues organized to work together and is a(n) ______ of a plant.

organ

What is a structure consisting of tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions?

organ

If a bone is an example of an organ, then all of the bones in the body are part of a(n)

organ system

Multiple organs are linked together into

organ systems

What term refers to members of the same species living in the same place at the same time?

population

What is the most common form of reproduction in animals?

sexual reproduction

All living organisms are organized into one of _________ domains.

three

Organs are made up of __________

tissues

________ are groups of specialized cells that function together.

tissues

In the image, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have increased reproductive success due to ____________.

Natural selection

Match each category of organisms with their method of obtaining energy. Primary producer - Consumer - Decomposer -

Primary producer - autotroph that obtains energy and nutrients from no living sources Consumer - heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients by eating other organisms Decomposer - heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients from wastes and dead organisms

What is the definition of metabolism?

The chemical reactions within a cell

Because it generates new combinations of traits, what type of reproduction can be a very successful strategy in environments where conditions change frequently?

sexual reproduction

What is the science of naming and classifying organisms?

taxonomy

Select all the types of data and characteristics that scientists can use to help compare evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Anatomical features, genetic characteristics, cellular attributes, biochemical aspects

Put the following stages of development in order, beginning with the smallest stage at the top.

Fertilized egg, development, adult

Which of the following produces traits that can be adaptations favored by natural selection?

Genetic variability within a population

What mechanism of evolution results in adaptive traits becoming more common in a population?

Natural selection

The coloration of a seahorse matches that if it's surroundings, which is an example of how ____________.

Natural selection favors adaptations that improve survival and reproduction

Organism that make their own food by obtaining energy and nutrients from non living sources are called

Primary producers

What groups of eukaryotes includes many different unrelated species that are United solely because they are not fungi, plants, or animals?

Protista

In __________ reproduction, genetic information comes from only one parent; whereas in ____________ reproduction, genetic information from two parents unites to form an offspring.

asexual and sexual

Compartments within cells that carry out specific functions are called

organelles

Natural __________ is a mechanism of evolution in which certain individuals from a population exhibit enhanced reproductive success based on inherited characteristics

selection

What is taxonomy?

the science of naming and classifying organisms

The human body maintaining its temperature with narrow limits around 37 Celsius is an example of

Homeostasis

In __________ reproduction, the offspring are mostly genetically identical (except for some mutations); in _______ reproduction, most of the offspring are genetically different (except for twins)

asexual and sexual

Rank the following levels of biological organization from *smallest at the top* to larger at the bottom.

atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ

What is the basic unit of life and consists of a membrane enclosing water, DNA, and other chemicals?

cell

What is the term for all the populations of different species that occupy the same location at the same time?

community

New complex functions and characteristics that arise when the smaller components of an organism interact are called ____ properties.

emergent

All organisms use ______ to fuel growth and to sustain homeostasis, which is a process that maintains internal constancy.

energy

A change in genetic makeup of a population over multiple generations can also be referred to as

evolution

Each type of organism is assigned a unique, two-part scientific name, which consists of the ______ of the organism.

genus and specific descriptor

Energy is lost from an ecosystem in the form of _________ during energy transfers.

heat

The chemical reactions within cells that allow organisms to acquire and use energy and to sustain life are called

metabolism

What is a group of joined atoms, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

molecule

What are membrane-bounded compartments within eukaryotic cells that carry out specialized functions?

organelles

match each eukaryotic group or kingdom with its appropriate description

plantae: multicellular; almost all are autotrophic organisms animalia: heterotrophs; obtain food by ingestion fungi: heterotrophs; obtain food by external digestion protista: unicellular and multicellular organisms; autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms

What is the basic unit of classification and is denoted by a unique two-part scientific name?

species